Objective To analyze the pathological significance of CK5 expression in primary cutaneous amyloidosis(PCA).Methods The expression of CK5 in superficial dermis of PCA group and the control group[lichen planus(LP),lupus erythematosus(LE)]were detected by CK5 monoclonal antibody.The infiltration densities of CD3-positive T lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages in superficial dermis of PCA and control group were measured respectively by immunohistochemical staining using anti-CD3 antibodies and anti-CD68 antibodies.The skin lesions of PCA and control groups were analyzed by immunofluorescence to detect whether CK5 was phagocytosed by macrophages in superficial dermis.Results Totally,39 cases of PCA all were CK5-positive.Some control cases were positive.The number of CD3-positive T lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages in 8 cases of PCA group was lower than that of control group.The result of immunofluorescence colocalization of monoclonal anti-CK5 antibodies and anti-CD68 antibodies in 5 cases of PCA lesions was negative;that in 2 cases of LE lesions were both positive,and that in 2 cases of LP lesions were both negative.Conclusion Amyloid protein may be derived from the basal keratinocytes after interface damage.The amyloid protein deposits may be related to the number decrease or the functional defect of macrophages.

The development of innervations of sinoatrial node in 14 fetuses and two new borns was studied by Faworsky's silver impregnation technique and the results were summarized as follows:1. The ganglia and rich nerve fibers can be observed within the sinoatrial node in approximately 16-week old fetus. It was found that in 16 to 20-week old fetus there were more nerve ganglia within the node than in the subepicardial region.2. After 24 week, the nerve ganglia of the subepicardial region were divided in to two groups, i. e, the superficial and profund groups. Their number were larger than that of the peripheral ground around the artery in the node. The nerve bun-dles were thinker and richer.3. The nerve ganglionic cells with two or more nuclei were frequently found within sinoatrial node of fetuses and new borns but are rare in adults. The size of the nerve ganglion cells in the early stages of fetuses is various but they become more similar in size with the advancing age of the fetus towards maturity.

Problem-based social practice is organically combined with health education lessons,to improve tobacco control capacity of preventive medicine students,through study in class and social practice after class.The students' awareness rate of tobacco regulations,support rate of smoke-free school,rejecting smoking rate,and lifetime non-smokers rate have significantly increased ( 40％～90％ ) after intervention.The teaching method is adult learning model,and it has effectively enhanced preventive medical students' tobacco control capacity.

Objective To summarize the lung HRCT findings of lung Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children. Methods A total of 54 children with lung LCH pathologically proved in our institute from September 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subdivided into two subgroups, diffuse type (n=29) and localized type (n=25). In addition, 32 children with LCH but without pulmonary infiltration were selected as control group. HRCT findings of 54 LCH with lung involvement were reviewed and analyzed for distribution pattern. The age of onset, illness duration and pulmonary function were compared between the lung LCH group and the control group. The differences of HRCT findings in LCH patients between diffuse type and localized type were compared with χ2 test. The differences on the onset age, illness duration and pulmonary function between the LCH group with lung involvement and control group were compared with non-parametric test(Mann-Whitney U Test). The differences of pulmonary function between the LCH group with lung involvement and control group were compared with Fisher exact probability test. Results The signs of pulmonary LCH on HRCT included lobular hyperinflation (n=26), interlobular septa thickening (n=11), cystic lesions (n=11), ground?glass opacity (n=10), nodules (n=9), and centrilobular nodules (n=6). The signs presented in 21, 8, 7, 9, 4 and 6 cases in diffuse type group respectively and 5, 3, 4, 1, 5, 0 in localized type group. Among them, lobular hyperinflation, ground?glass opacity and centrilobular nodules were more prevalent in the diffuse group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.77,2.01,0.55,4.84,0.06 and 3.91, P<0.05). The onset age of LCH group with lung involvement was younger than the other (Z=-2.40, P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the illness duration (Z=-1.46, P>0.05) and pulmonary function between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Lobular hyperinflation, ground glass opacity and centrilobular nodules are the most common manifestations in LCH patients with lung involvement and the distribution is mostly diffuse. Nodules, cystic lesions and interlobular septa thickening may exist. Several signs may coexist simultaneously. Younger children with LCH are more vulnerable to lung involvement.

Objective To obserVe the clinical efficacy and safety of yiqing caPsule in the treatment of acne with concomitant constiPation. Methods A randomized controlled method was used. One hundred and forty_fiVe Patients with acne and concomitant constiPation were randomized into treatment grouP (n=75) and control grouP (n=70). Patients in the treatment grouP receiVed yiqing caPsule orally and comPound tretinoin gel toPically, while Patients in the control grouP receiVed toPical comPound tretinoin gel only. Both grouPs were treated for 3 weeks. Results The theraPeutic effect of the treatment grouP was much better than that of control grouP (P<0. 01). No obVious adVerse reactions were obserVed in either grouP. In the treatment grouP,77.4%of Patients were relieVed from constiPation,the ratio being much higher than the control grouP (P<0.01). The chance of acne relief was remarkably higher in Patients whose constiPation were relieVed (P<0. 01). The SPearman correlation index between acne relief and constiPation imProVement was 0. 699 (P<0. 01). Conclusion Combination theraPy of yiqing caPsule and comPound tretinoin gel is effectiVe in the treatment of acne with no significant adVerse reactions. The constiPation imProVement from yiqing caPsule can contribute to the efficacy towards acne.

Objective To assess the clinical and pathological feature of patients with livedo vasculitis.Methods Clinical data were collected from 47 patients with livedo vasculitis,and retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were classified into three groups according to treatment strategy:anticoagulation group,anticoagulation + corticosteroids group,and anticoagulation + sulfasalazine group.Results Clinically,livedo vasculitis usually began as petechia or ecchymosis,edema with distending pain,followed by spotty necrosis which subsequently evolved into vermiculated ulcers and,finally,atrophie blanche.Pathological features included fibrinoid degeneration of and thrombus formation in small vessel walls within the superficial or deep dermis,as well as a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate around the injured vessels.The average time to onset of action of administrated drugs was (9.14 ± 3.48),(5.62 ± 1.04) and (8.23 ± 2.68) days,and time to remission was (2.57 ± 1.41),(4.06 ± 1.51) and (5.64 ± 1.32) months,in the anticoagulation group,anticoagulation + corticosteroids group and anticoagulation + sulfasalazine group,respectively.Conclusion Anticoagulation in combination with anti-inflammatory therapy appears to have a more rapid onset of action in the treatment of livedo vasculitis with a reduced recurrence rate compared with anticoagulation therapy alone.

A 14-week human fetal kidney was studied by the method of freeze-fracture, the results were as follows:1. All the nuclei of various cells at this stage of development possess distinct nuclear pores with the same diameter and they are distributed randomly on the nuclear membrane. The intramembraneous particles on the PF of both the inner and outer nuclear membranes are more numerous than that of the EF. The morphological features of the nuclear pores vary according to the plane of their fracture face; they appear as dimples on the EF and as valcano mouth on the PF. The interior of the nucleus usually contains homogeneously dispersed particles, but no such structures were seen in thin sections. In some nuclei a round vesicle was revealed.2. The cell membrane of various cells, at this stage, shows special structures to manifest their degree of differentiation. In the less differentiated epithelial cells of the renal tubules, the cell membrane is straight and the intramembraneous particles are randomly distributed, the intromembraneous particles on PF are more than on EF, comparetively well developed tight junctions are located at the latexal surface near the apical portion of the cell while in the differentiated proximal tubules, there are many microvilli on their luminal surface, but their lateral cell membrane is still straight without interdigitations. In some tubules small processes near the basal part may be seen, however, basal fold is still absent. The basal membrane of the renal tubules is very prominent. As to the epithelial cells of the viseral layer of the renal corpuscle, gap and tight junctions are revealed while they are columnar in shape, but as they differentiated into podocyte with primary and secondary processes, the structure of tight junctions become simple, less prominent and discontinuous.3. Cytoplasm: In the process of cell differentiation the amount of cytoplasm increases and the ratio of nuclear end cytoplasmic volume decreases. The orgauelles are less in the undifferentiated cells, so the structure of the cytoplasm of them is much simpler than that of the more differentiated ones. The compartmentation phenomenon of the cytoplasm of differentiated cells become distince. In the freeze-fracture micrographs the membraneous structures, such as mitochondria, Golgi complex and secretion granules etc. are more stereoscopic than those in thin sections, but the opportunity to reveal the fine structures of various cells is minimized due to only one fracture face for each specimen and what structure will be fractured is beyond the control of the operator.

The livers from 5 week 14～32 human fetuses were studied. The results are summarized as follows:1. Two kinds of liver cells revealed by EM: the "light" and "dark" cells. The light ones are larger in size, more numerous in number, containing larger mitochondria and obvious RER and SER, but less free ribosomes than the dark ones. Both of them may contain hemosiderin granules and the configuration of mitochondria enclosed by circular or semicircular RER cisternae.2. Bile canaliculus: Beside canaliculi between two adjacent liver cells, canaliculi situated between 3 or 4 liver cells are not infrequently revealed. That is due to the fetal liver cells are arranged in groups rather than in cords. The stereoscopic configurations of bile canaliculus and the tight junction surrounding it are demonstrated more clearly in freeze-fracture micrograph than that of the TEM. In addition, one intracellular bile canaliculus is found in the freeze-fracture preperation.3. The blood sinusoid and hemopoietic focus: In the 4-week fetus, the endothelium of the sinusoid can hardly be recognized While its lumen is quite large. Many erythrocytes accompanied by their immature components can be seen among it. As to the 32-week fetal liver, the endothelium and Kupffer cell may be easily recognized but the lumen of the sinusoid dimenishes enormously. The hemopoietic foci are localized extra-sinusoidially and in close contact with liver cells. Their volume exceeds one half of the fetal liver lobule before the age of 28 weeks, then it dimenishes gradually. In the space of Disse a fat storage cell is revealed.4. The portal canal : The mensenchyma and immature erythrocytes in the portal canal dimenishes with the increase of the fetal age. The portal canal is surrounded by the pigmented limiting plate cells of the liver lobules. The interlobular bile duct is differentiated from the limiting plate cells. Its epithelium is composed of both light and dark cells. The former is more numerous and contains many large mitochondria in its apical portion, while the latter shows higher electron density. Microvilli are located on the surfaces of both kinds of cells and finger like processes in the enlarged intercellular spaces are revealed.

Objective To establish the background information of physiological parameters for germ?free ( GF ) Taihu piglets. Methods In this study we selected 25 days old GF Taihu piglets and 4 conventional ( CV) littermates, the male and female ratio was 1∶3, to measure the normal clinical values of hematology and serum biochemistry, immunoglobu?lin concentration and main organ coefficients. The analysis of relative growths of main organ weight to body weight was con?ducted in the Taihu GF and CV pigs by allometric scaling model. Results (1) Twelve hematological parameters and 8 blood biochemical parameters in the GF piglets were significantly lower than those in CV pigs (P<0?05). (2) The aver?age body weight, IgM concentration of GF pigs and CV pigs had significant difference ( P <0?05 ) , and no mesenteric lymph nodes were found in the GF pigs. (3) The gut weight had the largest allometric association with body weight in the GF pigs, while spleen weight has the largest allometric association with body weight in the CV pigs. Both the weight of heart and stomach in CV and GF pigs had a negative allometric association with body weight (allometric coefficient b<1), respectively. Conclusions Different microbe control grades affect the body weight, hematology and serum biochemistry, expression of immunoglobulin and development of main organs in laboratory pigs.

To investigate the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in evaluating pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PAH); and the relationship between CMRI parameters and pulmonary function parameters, blood gas analysis parameters and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) parameters in patients with COPD complicated with PAH. Methods Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with COPD in the department of respiratory and critical care discipline of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from October 2013 to October 2016, who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to measure pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), and were divided into COPD group and COPD+PAH group according to whether there was PAH [PASP > 40 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was defined as PAH]. All patients completed pulmonary function tests [1 second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC), FEV1 predicted value (FEV1pred)], blood gas analysis [arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)], CMRI examination [relative dilatation of the main pulmonary artery (mPAD), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), right ventricular end-diastolic myocardial mass (RVMED), right ventricular end-systolic myocardial mass (RVMES)], and 6MWD [6-minute walk distance (6MWD)] within 1 week. The obtained clinical parameters had been compared between the groups, and correlation was analyzed. Results Among the 37 patients with COPD, 16 patients were complicated with PAH. There were no significant differences in FEV1/FVC, FEV1pred, PaO2, PaCO2 and other baseline indicators between the two groups. In the COPD group, TTE obtained PASP of 2 patients were normal (PSAP < 40 mmHg), while CMRI measured mPAP were higher than the normal limit (> 25 mmHg). Compared with the COPD group, mPAD, RVEF and 6MWD were significantly decreased in the COPD+PAH group [mPAD: (25.64±5.01)% vs. (44.00±22.52)%, RVEF: 0.525±0.054 vs. 0.592±0.071, 6MWD (m): 319.3±116.5 vs. 408.2±38.0, all P < 0.01], mPAP, RVMED and RVMES were significantly increased [mPAP (mmHg): 28.89±3.16 vs. 20.18±2.43, RVMED (g): 57.19±15.46 vs. 40.71±15.44, RVMES (g): 45.99±11.16 vs. 33.71±13.39, all P < 0.01], and there was no significant differences in LVEF (0.663±0.082 vs. 0.699±0.075, P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that mPAD was positively correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1pred (r1 = 0.538, P1 = 0.021; r2 = 0.448, P2 = 0.049);RVMED was negatively correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.581, P = 0.015), and positively correlated with PaCO2 (r = 0.592, P = 0.014); 6MWD was positively correlated with RVEF (r = 0.485, P = 0.041), and had no correlation with LVEF (r = 0.271, P = 0.104). Conclusions Compared with COPD patients, changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function in COPD patients with PAH are related to the severity of airflow limitation. CMRI can early monitor pulmonary hemodynamics and right heart function changes in patients with COPD. Once PAH appears, pulmonary hemodynamics, right heart function and exercise tolerance have changed.