Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological processes caused by various causes that affect the microarteries,small arteries,venules and capillaries in brain tissue.Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in mechanism of leading to CSVD-related changes.The research in related fields is expected to become an important means of in-depth understanding of CSVD.The driving factors of brain dysfunction caused by CSVD and the relative role of vascular lesions and primary neurodegenerative changes in the process of CSVD remain unclear.The examinations reflecting cerebrospinal fluid components of the central nervous system degenerative lesions and vascular lesion process can provide important information.The related biochemical changes may become an early identification indicator of CSVD,at the same time it can enhance the understanding of its characteristic mechanism.In addition,CSVD specific biomarkers can also play an important role in monitoring the therapeutic effects.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of functional incapacitation,disability,and cognitive impairment in the elderly.Subcortical CSVD can lead to lacunar infarcts and progressive white matter lesions.CSVD cognitive impairment is an important subtype of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).The dementia caused by it accounts for about 36%-67% of vascular dementia.With the development of technology,neuroimaging and its related markers has become a powerful tool for the diagnosis of CSVD and cognitive impairment.The clues of the CSVD pathogenesis can also be found in the field of brain cognition.STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) has established the neuroimaging markers of 6 critical damages,including recent small subcortical infarcts,lacunar foci that are assumed to be the origin of blood vessels,white matter hyperintensities that are assumed to be the origin of blood vessels,perivascular spaces,cerebral microbleeds,and brain atrophy.This article reviews the correlation between VCI caused by CSVD and imaging features.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the breast cancer and its relationship with tumor invasive potentiality,node metastasis and prognostic significance.Methods 130 cases of breast cancer and 10 cases of breast benign disease were studied by immunohistochemical staining with MMP2,MMP9 monoclonal antibodies.Results The positive expression rate of MMP2 and MMP9 were 83.08％ (108/130) and 71.54％ (93/130) in the breast cancers,which was significantly higher than those in breast benign disease ( P ＜0.01 ).The expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 obviously increased with tumor sizes and clinical staging( P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Over expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the breast cancers with axillary lymph node metastases were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastases ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of MMP2 and MMP9was closely correlated to lymph node metastasis,and may act as markers for lymph node metastasis and prognostic in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the CTA, MRA and DSA in the primary liver cancers and the value of the perfor-mance. Methods 29 cases of primary liver cancer patients were diagnosed through comparative analysis of CTA, MRA and DSA in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer between the common and the differences to explore the full and effective ways so as to facilitate the clinical work in a more effective diagnostic tool. Results For 29 cases of liver cancer patients, both the detection rate and accuracy rate of MSCTA were significandy higher than MRA. Conclusion At this stage, the MSCTA has features of shortcut, convenience, high detection rate, which is the preferred method of examination and has higher value in clinical application.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Shenqiluotong capsule on diabetes mellitus crura angiopathy.Methods Two hundred patients with diabetes mellitus crura angiopathy were randomly divided into two groups.One hundred patients in the treatment group were administrated Shenqiluotong capsule and enteric-coated aspirin tablet orally.One hundred patients in the control group were only given enteric-coated aspirin tablet orally.The effectiveness,clinical symptom and sign,glucose,blood fat,hemodynamics,crura artery diameter,peak value rate,blood flow volume and side effect were observed before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group were 89 % and 71% respectively(P

0.05), in the sheets, quilt covers, bedsides, coats and underwear, the difference was significant (P

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of daptomycin on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)infection patients with diabetic foot (DF). METHODS:179 patients with type 2 DF complicating with MRSA were randomly divided into daptomycin group (90 cases) and vancomycin group (89 cases),and both groups were included infection group. 80 DF patients without MRSA infection were included in non-infection group. All of them received DF routine treatment ;daptomycin group was additionally given intravenous injection of daptomycin 4 mg/kg,once a day,for 2 weeks;vancomycin group was additionally giv-en intravenous injection of vancomycin 4 mg/kg,once a day,for 2 weeks. RESULTS:After treatment,IL-6,IL-8,MMP-2 and MMP-9 of infection group were significantly decreased,while TIMP-1 levels increased significantly,with statistical significance, compared to before treatment (P<0.05). The effective rate of daptomycin group was 94.4%,which was significantly higher than that of vancomycin group(71.9%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Daptomycin can effectively improve the inflammatory status in patients with DF complicated with MRSA infection,to restore the MMPs/TIMPs balance.

BACKGROUND:Chronic tendinopathy is a tendon disorder extremely common in athletes and in the general population with repetitive strain injuries of tendons. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy remains unclear and hence treatment of tendinopathy is usual y pal iative.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the of adipogenic and tenogenic ability of patel ar tendon-derived stem cel s isolated
from chronic tendinopathy and healthy rats in vitro.
METHODS:Tendon-derived stem cel s were isolated from patel ar tendons of chronic tendinopathy and healthy rats respectively. The tendon-derived stem cel s were cultured to the 3rd passage in complete culture medium, and cel morphology was observed. The cel s were divided into adipogenic induction group and control group. Cel s in the adipogenic induction group were cultured in adipogenic induction medium, while those in the control group cultured in complete culture medium. The ability of adipogenic differentiation between tendon-derived stem cel s isolated from the tendon of chronic tendinopathy and healthy rats in vitro was examined by oil red O staining and quantification assay. The mRNA expressions of C/EBPαand PPARγ2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. When 70%-80%cel s were confluent, the mRNA expressions of Col1a1, Scx, Tnmd and Dcn were also detected by real-time quantitative PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the third passage, slender spindle-shaped cel s were seen in both two groups, but there was a little change in the cel morphology in the chronic tendinopathy group. Lipid droplets were formed after the cel s were cultured in adipogenic induction medium for 21 days. This was not observed in the control group. We observed more oil red O-positive oil droplets in tendon-derived stem cel s from the tendons of chronic tendinopathy rats than healthy rats. The difference between them was statistical y significant (P=0.004). The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of C/EBPαand PPARγ2 in the tendon-derived stem cel s from the tendons of chronic tendinopathy rats were significantly higher than those in tendon-derived stem cel s from the tendons of healthy rats (P=0.004);the mRNA expressions of Col1a1, Scx, Tnmd and Dcn in the tendon-derived stem cel s from the tendons of chronic tendinopathy rats were significantly lower than those in tendon-derived stem cel s from the tendons of healthy rats (P=0.009). In conclusion, tendon-derived stem cel s from chronic tendinopathy rats showed a higher ability of adipogenic differentiation, but a lower capacity of tenogenic differentiation compared to tendon-derived stem cel s from healthy rats, which might contribute to better understand the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.

Confirmation of basic technological parameters of tension levellers is the most important factor of leveling strip. Up to now, most factories have used experts' experience to decide these parameters, without any established rule to follow. For better quality of strip, a valid method is needed to decide technological parameters precisely and reasonably. In this paper, a method is used based on neural network and genetic algorithm. Neural network has a good ability to extract rules from work process of tension levellers. Then using neural network, which has learned from a lot of working samples, to be the evaluation of fitness, genetic algorithm could easily find the best or better technological parameters. At the end of this paper, examinations are given to show the effect of this method.

This study aims to save cost of sampling for estimating the area under the amlodipine plasma concentration versus time curve in 24 hours (AUC(0-24 h)). Limited sampling strategy (LSS) models was developed and validated by mutiple regression model within 4 or fewer amlodipine concentration values. Absolute prediction error (APE), root of mean square error (RMSE) and visual predict check were used as criterion. The results of Jackknife validation showed that fifteen (9.4%) of the 160 LSS based on regression analysis were not within an APE of 15% by using one concentration-time point. 156 (97.5%), 159 (99.4%) and 160 (100%) of the 160 LSS model were capable of predicting within an APE 15% by using 2, 3, 4 points, separately. Limited sampling strategies have been developed and validated for estimating AUC(0-24 h) of amlodipine. The present study indicated that the implemention of both 5 mg and 10 mg dosage could enable accurate predictions of AUC(0-24 h) by the same LSS model. This study shows that 12, 4, 24, 2 h after administration are key sampling time points. The combination of (12, 4), (12, 4, 24) or (12, 4, 24, 2 h) might be chosen as sampling hours for predicting AUC(0-24 h) in practical application according to requirement.