Objective To analyse the causes of shunt obstructions after ventriculoperitoneal shunting for children hydrocephalus and their therapy. Methods Ventriculoperitoneal shuntings were done in 156 children with hydrocephalus, in 26 cases of them, the shunts were obstructed. Surgical interventions were performed, and causes of obstruction were found and corrected. Results There were eight kinds of obstructive causes in the ventricular catheters, three kinds in the peritoneal catheters. All obstructions were corrected surgically, 26 patients recovered soon without complications and mortality.Conclusion If the causes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstructions can be found and corrected in time, the prognosis of patients is good.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021, to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods The data on outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021 from the National Emergency Public Health Events Information Management System and on-site epidemiological surveys were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method. Results From 2004 to 2021, a total of 1 806 outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province was reported. The majority of the reports were of general events (90.25%), affecting 2 183 493 people with reported cases numbering 94 643 and 13 deaths. The main modes of transmission were respiratory infectious diseases. The top three reported diseases were chickenpox (588), influenza (300) and hand-foot-and-mouth disease (267), accounting for 64.0% of the total reported events. The events were distributed in 121 counties and districts throughout the province, concentrated in March–June and September–January of the following year. The main outbreaks were of chickenpox, with an average duration of 19 days. Most public health emergencies (1 386) occurred in kindergartens and primary schools, and the median time to discover the outbreak was 7 days (ranging from 4 to 13 days). Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases are the main type of outbreak of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province. Kindergartens and primary schools are the focus of prevention and control. Early reporting and effective handling will help control the spread of events and reduce hazards. At the same time, the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the emergency drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.

This study was aimed to establish the three-dimensional model of C_(3-7) segment of lower cervical spine after artificial disc implantation, to analyze the movement of lower cervical spine after artificial disc replacement. According to CT films of 1 patient at 6 months after artificial disc implantation, three-dimensional finite element model that included Bryan~(TM) artificial cervical disc prosthesis of the lower cervical spine was established using finite element method, then introduced into Ansys 9.0, the vertebral cortical bone, cancellous bone and intervertebral disc were meshed and analyzed by using under several states such as flexion/extension, lateral bending and rotation, thus understanding their motion characteristics. By comparison with previous research findings, test results nearly accorded with or exhibited identical trend with previous study. The results suggest that, cervical disc replacement can basically guarantee the stability of lower cervical spine movement.

Objective To investigate the corelation between platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) genetic polymorphism and ischemic stroke. Methods The plasma PAF-AH genotype was determined in 205 patients with iachemic stroke and 114 normal subjects by the polymerase chain reaction. The levels of plasma platelet activating factor (PAF), platelet α-granule membrane glycoprotein-140(GMP-140), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and the levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4) were analyzed. Results The prevalence of the mutation genotype and plasma PAF, GMP-140, β-TG and PF4 in the patients with isehemic stroke [42.44%,(91.08 ± 39.10) ng/L, (36.46 ± 13.10) μg/L, (41.75 ± 11.18) μg/L, (29.05 ± 9.16) g/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the controls[21.05%,(64.30 ± 18.81) ng/L, (18.27 ± 7.68) μg/L, (30.94 ± 8.47) μg/L, (18.75 ± 6.06) μg/L](P< 0.01). The levels of plasma PAF, GMP-140 were significantly higher in mutation genotype patients than those in the normal genotype patients (P < 0.01). Conclusions The activation function of platelet in the acute phase of patients with ischemic stroke increases, and it is associated with genetic polymorphism of PAF-AH. The PAF-AH gene mutation may be a novel genetic marker for high risk of ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of common malignant sinonasal tumors for improving the diagnostic accuracy of the disease. Methods Radiological and clinical data of 78 patients with sino-nasal malignant tumors confirmed by pathological examination were retrospectively analyzed. Results Sinonasal malignant tumors lacked imaging specificity. Most of CT showed uneven soft tissue densities with unclear boundary and destruction of bone which invaded the soft tissue outside of the cavity including orbit or intra-cranium. There was moderate to remarkable enhancement of the lesion. T1WI in MR demonstrated homo-and hypo-intense signal , while T2WI revealed homo- and hyper-intense signal ,and post contrast MR imaging displayed heterogeneous con-trast enhancement. There was no significant statistical difference between CT and MRI in the detection rate of ma-lignant tumors(P > 0.05),but CT in combination with MRI improved the positive rate of detection(P < 0.05). Conclusions The imaging of sinonasal malignant tumors is complicated and lacks specificity. For complicated si-nonasal malignant tumors,enhanced CT in combination with MRI should be used to determine the nature and limi-tation of the tumor,and its relationship with the surrounding structures,resulting in improvement of the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

Objective:To research the quality of postoperative recovery of patients with lung cancer through the(PQRS),and compare the recovery quality after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or traditional open lobectomy.Method:PQRS scale was used to evaluate the recovery of 140 patients with lung lesions preoperatively and postoperative 1 day,3 days,7 days,14 days and 1 month.95 patients who met the set standard and complete the PQRS scales were enrolled and divided into video-assisted thoracoscope group or traditional thoracotomy group.This article mainly compared and analysied the quality of postoperative recovery of patients in both groups.Result:Except the anesthesia time,other general datum showed no statistical difference.In total recovery rate,the video-assisted thoracoscope group has significant difference when compared with the traditional thoracotomy group(P ＜ 0.05).The recovery rates of VATS group in feeling of the harmful factors,emotional factors and the daily life are higher than that of the traditional thoracotomy group,with statistically significant differences(P ＜0.05).However,the recovery rates in the physiological factors and cognitive factors had no statistical difference between two groups(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion:PQRS can effectively evaluate the quality of postoperative recovery in patients with lung cancer,and VATS is helpful to quick recovery postoperatively.

Ginseng is a precious herbal medicine and can treat many diseases. Ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, have various biological activities. This review aims at describing the antiviral inhibitory of ginsenosides through summarizing the research progress on different virus such as hepatitis virus, respiratory virus, herpesvirus and HIV.

Objective To study the function of interleukin (IL)-25 for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) differentiation as well as on the expression of extracellular regulating protein kinase (ERK) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3).Methods The differences on ERK1/2 and MMP-3 protein levels were tested in RA-FLS of RA patients and healthy controls,then IL-17A (10 ng/ml) was tested when the RA-FLS were co-stimulated with different concentrations of IL-25 (0.01,0.1,1 and 10 ng/ml) and IL-17A(10 ng/ml) for 24 hours respectively.The expression of ERK1/2 and MMP-3 protein was detected by the Western blot.T test was used for the comparison between different groups.Results The expression of ERK1/2 (1.71±0.17) and MMP-3 (0.50±0.13) proteins in RA-FLS was higher than the healthy controls (0.50±0.15,0.17±0.05) (t=-9.13,P＜0.01 and t=-4.10,P＜0.05),after stimulated with IL-17A,the expression of ERK1/2 (0.77±0.22) and MMP-3 (0.59±0.13) proteins in RA-FLS were increased compared with the untreated groups (0.18±0.35,0.04±0.03) (t=-4.69,P＜0.01 and t=-7.47,P＜0.01).With increase of the concentration on IL-25,the level of ERK1/2 (0.54±0.26,0.48±0.18,0.48±0.23,0.23±0.06) and MMP-3 (0.58±0.09,0.59±0.14,0.21±0.04,0.04±0.02) in RA-FLS which were stimulated by IL-17A was decreased slowly (t=4.22,P＜0.05 and t=4.95,P＜0.01 and t=7.47,P＜0.01).Conclusion IL-25 can inhibit the stimulation of IL-17A on ERK1/2 and MMP-3 fractionally,which implies that it may take part in the development of RA through this pathway and may be a target for the RA treatment.

Objective:To clarify the changes of intrahepatic ultrasound hemodynamics before and after hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation (LT), providing early warning and anticoagulation guidance to clinicians.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent liver transplantation at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University between June 2006 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, 47 patients with a diagnosis of HAT confirmed by DSA (digital subtraction angiography) were included in the HAT group, and 71 patients without vascular complications were included in the non-HAT group. Differences in peak flow velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and portal vein velocity (PVV) were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between postoperative PSV decline and HAT occurrence, while ROC curve were used to determine the critical value and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. Patients with HAT were divided into well-treatment group and poor-treatment group according to whether the blood flow was restored after multiple surgeries or thrombolytic treatments. The changes of early intrahepatic hemodynamics after surgical or thrombolytic therapy were compared between the two groups.Results:①A decrease in PSV of the transplanted hepatic artery was measured 1 d before HAT, and PSV<0.39 m/s predicted thrombus formation with a sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.86, and the AUC was 0.83. ②After treatment, PSV in the HAT group increased immediately, approaching the normal level on the 2nd day. In the well-treatment group, PSV and PVV reached normal levels on the first day after treatment, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the poor-treatment group ( P=0.030, 0.021). Conclusions:In the early stage after liver transplantation, a PSV<0.39 m/s is related to the occurrence of HAT thrombosis 1 d later. A significant increase in PSV on the first day after treatment indicates a good treatment response, and there is no need for further DSA re-examination or increasing the number of thrombolysis.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis mediated by anti-NMDAR antibody. Current studies have found that most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have a good prognosis after immunotherapy and tumor therapy, but there are still 4.5%-36.4% patients with relapse. It is important to identify the risk factors for the prevention of relapse. This article aims to review the relapse risk factors of NMDAR encephalitis in order to provide help for the prevention of relapse.