Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021, to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods The data on outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021 from the National Emergency Public Health Events Information Management System and on-site epidemiological surveys were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method. Results From 2004 to 2021, a total of 1 806 outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province was reported. The majority of the reports were of general events (90.25%), affecting 2 183 493 people with reported cases numbering 94 643 and 13 deaths. The main modes of transmission were respiratory infectious diseases. The top three reported diseases were chickenpox (588), influenza (300) and hand-foot-and-mouth disease (267), accounting for 64.0% of the total reported events. The events were distributed in 121 counties and districts throughout the province, concentrated in March–June and September–January of the following year. The main outbreaks were of chickenpox, with an average duration of 19 days. Most public health emergencies (1 386) occurred in kindergartens and primary schools, and the median time to discover the outbreak was 7 days (ranging from 4 to 13 days). Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases are the main type of outbreak of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province. Kindergartens and primary schools are the focus of prevention and control. Early reporting and effective handling will help control the spread of events and reduce hazards. At the same time, the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the emergency drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.

A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate characteristics of the innovative research fund in a military hospital during past five years.We created a special index system according to the features of this innovative research fund:short supporting period,less amount of funding,and strict limit to the pre-study with the combination of common Research Performance Indicators.We use this index system to evaluate all finished projects and scored their performance.Other factors,such as research area,age of researchers,and job title,were also combined to analyze the relationship between funded research performance and fund characteristics.We found that all projects with higher performance score in past 5 years were conducted by young researchers,while this meets our original intention that using this fund to support junior scientists.In addition,we also found that the process of project assessment was fire and scientific,and funding for key research disciplines provided high level research outcomes.

A new adaptively hybrid filtering algorithm is proposed to reduce the artifacts caused by metal in CT image. Firstly, the method is used to preprocess the projection data of metal region and is reconstruct by filtered back projection (FBP) method. Then the expectation maximization algorithm (EM) is performed on the iterative original metal project data. Finally, a compensating procedure is applied to the reconstructed metal region. The simulation result has demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can remove the metal artifacts and keep the structure information of metal object effectively. It ensures that the tissues around the metal will not be distorted. The method is also computational efficient and effective for the CT images which contains several metal objects.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Metals ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

This study was aimed to prepare the spraying agent of prescriptions of Miao nationality herb and investigate the effect of Miao nationality herbs spray for serum SOD, MDA, and expression of Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA in lung tissues of silica-treated rats. The healthy SD rats were divided into 5 groups. Silica dust suspension was used in the model establishment of 4 groups. After the model was successfully established, 3 groups were randomly selected and given glucocorticoids atomization inhalation, Miao nationality herbs spray, Miao nationality herbs spray combined with intragastric administration of herbal medicine, respectively. After 40-day treatment, water-solubletetrazolium salt (WST-1) was used in the detection of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used in the detection of malondialdehyde (MDA). The mRNA expression variance of the Fas and Caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the silica dust suspension group, the SOD activity of serum in the Miao nationality herbs spray group was significantly increased (P< 0.05). MDA content and the mRNA of Fas and Caspase-3 were significantly lower in the Miao nationality herbs spray group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that Miao nationality herbs spray group was able to increase the SOD activity of serum, decrease MDA content, and obviously decrease the expression of Fas and Caspase-3 of lung tissues among silica dust suspension rats.

Objective To explore the risks and its influencing factors of patients with psychotic disorders in communities.Methods A total of 457 patients with psychotic disorders in communities were investigated by use of the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method.Results Totally 257 patients with psychotic disorders in communities were with risks,which accounted for 56.2％.Among them,200 patients (43.8％) were with level-0 risk,113 patients (24.7％) were level-1 risk,85 patients (18.6％) were level-2 risk,43 patients (9.4％) were level-3 risk,11 patients (2.4％) were level-4 risk,while 5 patients (1.1％) were level-5 risk.There were significant differences in risks among patients with different gender,family income,duration,type of disease,medication and the history of violent behavior.Logistic regression analysis showed that low family income (OR=0.515,95％ CI=0.386-0.689,P＜0.01),long course of disease (OR=1.378,95％CI=1.179-1.609,P＜0.01),patients with schizophrenia (OR=6.285,95％CI=2.456-16.086,P＜ 0.01) and patients with a history of violence history (OR=28.988,95％CI=10.692-78.592,P＜0.01) were the risk factors of the influencing of patients with psychotic disorders in communities.Conclusions Low family income,long course of disease,patients with schizophrenia and a history of violence history are the influencing factors of patients with psychotic disorders in communities,and the management of follow-up and the strength of supervision among these patients should be reinforced.

Objective:To investigate the feedback of students towards the application of knowledge-points based preview guidance mode and knowledge-outline based preview guidance mode in medical statistics teaching.Methods:Totally 126 undergraduate students from Batch 2018 five-year clinical medicine were randomly assigned to two groups according to their dormitory number. Before class, knowledge-points focused and knowledge-outline focused preview guidance materials were given to the students in the two groups respectively to assist them in pre-class preview through "Rain Classroom" teaching assistant software. The utilization of preview guidance materials was evaluated and collected. The students' attitudes towards the preview guidance modes they received were collected through questionnaire. In this study, Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test were carried out by SAS9.4 statistical software.Results:The reading completion rate of preview guidance materials in the knowledge-points based preview guidance group was lower than that of the knowledge-outline based preview guidance group (62.78% vs. 80.30%, P<0.001). The median of students' satisfaction score in knowledge-points group and knowledge-outline group were 89.50 and 90.00 respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P=0.252). Of all the students, 61.90%(78/126) of the students strongly liked or liked to receive preview guidance, 75.40%(95/126) of the students thought that preview guidance was very helpful or helpful to classroom learning, 62.70%(79/126) of the students thought that the preview guidance could strongly improve or improve the efficiency of pre-class preview process. The rating results of the above three aspects were similar between the two groups. Conclusion:Both the two preview guidance modes are feasible and effective. The completion rate and evaluation results of the students in the knowledge-points focused preview guidance group are better than those of the knowledge-outline focused preview guidance group. We suggest that knowledge-outline based preview guidance mode might be prioritized in medical statistics teaching.

Objective To establish a mice model of atopic dermatitis with acute itching and investigate the antipruritic effect and its mechanism of Xiaofeng Zhiyang granules（XFZYG）. Methods A mice model of atopic dermatitis was prepared by induction method. Mice were sensitized by calcipotriol and ovalbumin (OVA) applying to the right ear daily for 10 days, and then stimulated by OVA injected intradermally into the right cheek to resulting in acute itching. These mice were divided into 5 groups: blank control group, model group, low dose (7.2 g/kg) and high dose (14.4 g/kg) of XFZYG, and positive control group (montelukast 5 mg/kg). Drugs were administered by gavage at 12 h and 30 min before stimulation. The leukotriene levels in the serum of the mice were measured by Elisa and the basophil ratio and activation status in the blood were measured by flow cytometry. Results The mean number of scratches in the model group was 56 between 30 min and 60 min after stimulation, while the mean number of scratches in the low and high dose of XFZYG groups were 42 and 23 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the model group （P<0.05）. The serum leukotriene levels and the proportion of basophils in the low and high dose of XFZYG groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion XFZYG had certain therapeutic effect on acute itching of atopic dermatitis in mice, and the mechanism of its action was related to the reduction of leukotriene level and basophil ratio in serum of mice with atopic dermatitis .

Macrophages play critical roles in renal fibrosis. However, macrophages exhibit ontogenic and functional heterogeneities, and which population of macrophages contributes to renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically targeted Notch signaling by disrupting the transcription factor recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J), to reveal its role in regulation of macrophages during the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced murine renal fibrosis. Myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J attenuated renal fibrosis with reduced extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation, as well as attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, likely owing to the reduced expression of TGF-β. Meanwhile, RBP-J deletion significantly hampered macrophage infiltration and activation in fibrotic kidney, although their proliferation appeared unaltered. By using macrophage clearance experiment, we found that kidney resident macrophages made negligible contribution, but bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages played a major role in renal fibrogenesis. Further mechanistic analyses showed that Notch blockade reduced monocyte emigration from BM by down-regulating CCR2 expression. Finally, we found that myeloid-specific Notch activation aggravated renal fibrosis, which was mediated by CCR2 macrophages infiltration. In summary, our data have unveiled that myeloid-specific targeting of Notch could ameliorate renal fibrosis by regulating BM-derived macrophages recruitment and activation, providing a novel strategy for intervention of this disease.