Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of patients with ovulation obstructive infertility by combined treatmentofstimulating ovulation particles and clmiphene citrateclinical. Methods 171 patients were randomly divided into Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (42 cases), clmiphene citrateclinical (CC) group (53 cases) andcombined treatment of TCM and CC group (76 cases). Ultrasound examinations were used to monitor the development of endometrium, follicular development and value of Plusatility Index (PI). The levels of E2,LH and P were measured before and after medication. And pregnancy of patients was followed up. Results Ovulation rates of combined treatment of TCM and CC group and the CC group were both higher than TCM group (P<0.05). Pregnancy rate of combined treatment of TCM and CC group was higher than TCM group and CC group (P<0.05). Endometrial thickness and type A lining rate of combined treatment of TCM and CC groupandTCM group were both higher than CC group (P < 0.05). The values of PI of combined treatment of TCM and CC groupand TCMgroup were both lower than CC group on HCG day after treatment (P<0.05). E2 values ofpost-treatment of three groups were all significantly higher than that before treatment.Difference in values of E2 and LH between pretherapy and post-treatment of combined treatment of TCM and CCwere obviously higher than that of TCM group (P<0.05).Difference in values of P between pretherapy and post-treatment of tcombined treatment of TCM and CC and TCM group were higher than CC group on the seventh day after ovulation (P < 0.05). Conclusions Combination of traditional Chinese medicine and CCcouldnot only promote follicle growth , but also improve anti-estrogen role of CC , endometrial blood flow and endocrine regulation , enhance ovulation rate and decrease the rate of abortion. Ovulation obstructive infertility treatment was better than that of CC and TCM treatment.

Objective To clone and characterize a RRas-like gene from Trichomonas vaginalis for studying cellular signal transduction pathways in the organism. Methods A cDNA clone, which showed homology with RRas proteins of human being, was isolated and sequenced from a cDNA expression library of T. vaginalis. The genomic DNA corresponding to the cDNA sequence was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced. Sequence analysis was per-formed using BLASTP, RPS-BLAST and ClustalW programs. Phylogenetic tree was constructed and bootstrapped with 1 050 replicates using the software MEGA3. Results The cDNA sequence showed a length of 705 bp with an open reading frame of 615 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence from the open reading frame possesses 205 residuals. Sequencing of the PCR product of genomic DNA revealed that the genomic DNA sequence encompassing the putative 5′-ATG and 3′-stop codons was identical to the cDNA sequence. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this gene was most homologous to the RRas members of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus (both having 51% identity and 70% similarity), and the amino acid sequence contains highly conserved GTP-binding domains and a fully conserved effector domain of human RRas member. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TvRRas clustered with RAS oncoprotein branch and RRAS branch of human. Conclusion The encoding protein probably belongs to a RRas family of T. vaginalis.

Objective To study the clinical effect of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD) combined with ozone injection in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.Methods 183 cases of cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into two groups.One group of 80 cases with 118 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDDonly.while the other group of 103 cases with 142 cervical discs herniation were treated with PLDD combined with ozone injectlon.The patients were followed up for 3 to18 months(mean 7 months).The clinical effects were assessed according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system(JOA score)and the improvement rates of the two groups were compared.Results 167 cases were followed up.The average point of the group treated with PLDD is 15.2 and the improvement rate is 74.7%.The average point of the group treated with PLDD combined with ozone injection is 16.3 and the improvement rate is 91.3%.The difference between two groups has statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of cervical spondylosis with PLDD combined with ozone injection is safe.painless and minimally invasive.The clinical effect is impmved tremendously and much better than monotherapy.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of lubar intervertebral disc protrusion treatment with ozone injection combined radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Methods 36 patients with lubar intervertebral disc protrusion confirmed by clinical and imaging examination were underwent radiofrequency thermocoagulation followed ozone injection guided with CT. Results All the patients were followed up for 3 ～6 months,and statistic the improvement rate was evaluated according to Macnab standard. The total effective rate was 94.4%, and the improvement rate was 86.1%. Conclusion CT guided treatment could greatly elevate the accuracy of puncture. Radiofrequency target point thermocoagulation combined with ozone injection was a minimally invasive、safet and markedly effective method for lubar intervertebral disc protrusion treatment.

Objective To explore the appropriat.e treatment process for elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture in primary hospitals.Methods According with the evaluation system and the characteristics of the grassroots hospitals and elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures,the treatment standards for risk assessment was established,and the appropriate treatment process for intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients in primary hospitals was initially formed and tried to promote applications in three primary hospital from December 2010 to January 2012,and its feasibility and effectiveness were tested.Results 66 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated in three primary hospital,and 38 cases were hospitalized in primary hospital,including 24 cases of osseous union in 27cases treated with expectant treatment,11 cases of surgical treatment,and the cure rate was 89.5％.Sent on the operation rate of 90.3％ cases,54.8％ of cases occurred within 2 days.The incident of complications in early stage was 25.8％.Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment process and assessment criteria of treatment risk for elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture in the primary hospital which is initial established is simple,practical,practicable,and has good effect and certain clinical value.

Objective: To observe the effects of ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4) on the expression levels of endocrine-related molecules and their receptors in rats with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) due to cold-dampness stagnation, thus to explore their analgesic mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a ginger-partitioned moxibustion group, and a Western medicine group according to the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Except for rats in the normal group, all other rats were treated with oxytocin combined with ice-water bath to establish the rat models of PD due to cold-dampness stagnation. After successful modeling, rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive treatment; rats in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group received treatments with ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4); rats in the Western medicine group received ibuprofen by intragastric administration. The writhing response of rats was compared among groups, and the serum levels of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), estrogen (estradiol, E2), progesterone (P), and the mRNA expression of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues were detected. Results: No writhing behavior was observed in the normal group; compared with the normal group, the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the model group were increased (P<0.01), while the P level was decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the writhing behavior latency was prolonged, and the writhing response score was decreased in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group (P<0.01); the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased, while the P level was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine group, the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group showed a prolonged writhing behavior latency, reduced writhing response score (P<0.05), and decreased serum E2 level (P<0.05), while no statistical differences in the serum PGF2α and P levels, or the mRNA expression levels of uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors (P>0.05).Conclusion: The analgesic effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on PD due to cold-dampness stagnation may be related to regulating the mRNA expression levels of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues.

Objectives The ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins, which function in electron transfer reactions in a variety of systems and participate in the activation of the antimicrobial agent metronidazole. The aim of this study is to clone and characterize ferredoxin genes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods A cDNA expression library was constructed with T. Vaginalis total RNA. Hundreds of cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced. Sequence analysis was performed using BLAST programs, ClustalW program, etc. Results One of the cDNA clones, which has homology with T.vaginalis ferredoxin, was further analyzed. This cDNA clone has an open reading frame of 312 base pairs. The deduced precursor protein contains 103 amino acid residues with a hydrogenosome targeting sequence (MLSQCSPLRF) at the N-terminal end. The primary sequence analysis revealed that this new ferredoxin (TvFd2) has a high homology (69% identity) to the previous reported T.vaginalis ferredoxin(TvFd). Interestingly, TvFd2 is homologous to both the two subclasses of (2Fe-2S) ferredoxins, the oxidase ferredoxins and the photosynthetic ferredoxins,but with low similarity. The conserved four-cysteine residues, which are predicted to form the iron-sulfur cluster,are arranged in a typical pattern of (2Fe-2S)ferredoxins(-C-X5-C-X2-C-Xn-C-). Conclusion These data show that TvFd2 is a putative new (2Fe-2S) ferredoxin of T.vaginalis. Its biological function remains to be studied.

Objective Apoptosis or programmed cell death(PCD) has been studied extensively in multicellular organisms,however,very little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which apoptosis occurs in unicellular protozoan parasites.The aim of this study is to characterize the apoptosis or PCD of Trichomonas vaginalis induced by metronidazole (MTZ).Methods T. Vaginalis strain cultures were treated with various concentrations of MTZ and the number of viable cells were determined at different time intervals.The genomic DNA of MTZ treated T. Vaginalis was extracted and DNA fragmentation was analyzed.TUNEL assay was carried out to detect the endonuclease activity in T. Vaginalis after MTZ treatment.Flow cytometric analysis was used to analyse the phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of T. Vaginalis.Results Metronidazole (MTZ) induced an apoptotic-like cell death in T. Vaginalis.This apoptotic-like cell death was demonstrated by cell shrinkage,phosphatidylserine exposure,and nuclear chromatin condensation.However, no oligonucleosmal DNA laddering was detected.Conclusion The regulatory pathway of apoptotic cell death in T. Vaginalis may be different from multicellular organisms.The determination of protozoan apoptotic pathways leading to cell death might ultimately allow the identification of new therapeutic targets.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of deferiprone (DFP) in rats. METHODS Plasma and tissues were collected after male Wistar rats were ig given DFP 35, 70 and 140 mg·kg~(-1) at different time points. The DFP in plasma and tissues was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The compartment model was fitted and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0. RESULTS The results showed that the pharmacokinetic process of DFP in rats was two-compartment model after rats were ig given DFP 35, 70 and 140 mg·kg~(-1). The t_(1/2α) were 23.3, 22.2 and 20.9 min, respectively. The t_(1/2β) were 53.3, 50.9 and 46.3 min, respectively. The Cl were 0.017, 0.021 and 0.016 L·min~(-1)·kg~(-1), respectively. The content of DFP was high in stomach and liver tissues after rats were ig given DFP 70 mg·kg~(-1), and it was lower in the other tissues. The content of DFP in liver tissues was (359.22±31.16)μg·g~(-1), at 60 min after rats were ig given DFP 70 mg·kg~(-1). CONCLUSION The absorption and elimination of DFP are quick and the tissue distribution of DFP is wide in vivo.

Objective To develop a new method to measure pleural effusion volume by ultrasound in critically ill patients. Methods Forty-six critically ill patients admitted to emergency ICU were involved.The height of effusion (H),area of effusion at the middle section (S), thickness of effusion at middle-back line (T1) and posterior axillary line (T2) were measured by ultrasound in supine position at the end of expiration. The measured volume of pleural effusion (Vc) was calculated by H×S,and the actual volume of drainage (V) within 2 hours was also recorded. The correlation of actual volume of pleural effusion (V)with effusion height (H) ,thickness (T1, T2), area (S) and the calculated volume (Vc) were analyzed to decide the most accurate index and method. Results There was much better correlation between actual volume of effusion and S, (H & S), Vc, than these between V and T1 ,T2, H in all patients and subgroup, Vc had good correlation with V and very close to V(the average difference was 56 ml) when the actual volume was less than 500 ml,there was no difference[(417 ± 94)ml vs (402±95)ml, t = 1.095, P = 0. 285]. Both Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed S was the most reliable index to predict the actual volume to exceed 500 ml,400 ml,and 300 ml when compared with H,S,T1 and T2. The corresponding threshold was 30.3 cm2 , 28.3 cm2 and 23. 1 cm2 , with the sensitivity and specificity of 0. 77 and 0. 88,0.72 and 1.0,0.95 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusions This new method based on measuring the area of effusion by ultrasound is more efficient and reliable than those traditional ones to measure the volume of pleural effusion. It's clinically valuable and easy to perform, and deserves broad application.