Respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of infantile wheezing, as well as one of the major inducents of acute exacebarbations of chronic childhood asthma. Recent studies focus on the mechanism of virus-induced airway inflammatory response which is still not completely clear. Many new pathophysiologic mechanisms such as epigenetics are advanced to explain the association between viral respiratory infections and asthma attack. In the present reports, recent data on the role of early-life viral infections in the development and progression of childhood asthma are reviewed.

Objective Study on the pattern of changes of TGF-?1 and type I receptor occurred in the experimental fluid percussion brain injury model for the purpose of providing the scientific basis for molecular pathological diagnosis, forensic identification, clinical treatment as well as further ascertaining the molecular mechanism of brain injury. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, sham operation control and injury groups. The rats of injury groups were subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion brain injury (0.2 MPa). The injury groups were then subdivided into 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h,1d, 3d and 7d sub-groups according to the time elapsed after injury. Immunohistochemistry SP method was used for studing the immunoreactivity of both TGF-?1 and T?R I factors. Results (1) In the brain of normal control and sham operation control groups, the low expression levels of TGF-?1 and T?R I were observed; (2) The gradual increase of TGF-?1 and T?R I immunoreactivity could be observed 1 to 3d after injury both in cortex and brain stem, and sustained at the high level up to 7d; (3) In hippocampus, the gradual increase occur during 12h to Id after brain injury, and sustained the high level at 3d, then declined at 7d. Conclusion The results suggested that brain injury induced the gene eypressions of the TGF-?1/ T?R I . The TGF-?1/ T?R I may contribute to maintance of nerve cell survival and the repair of damaged neural tissues after CNS injury and the patterns of their level change were quite regular and can be used for timing of injury in forensic medicine aspect.

Objective To explore the immunoregulatory and lethal effects of natural killer T lymphocytes(NKTs) in vitro .Meth‐ods The mixed lymphocyte cultured(MLC) system was established ,in which the B16F10‐luc‐G5 cells were set as target cells ,the total lymphocyte cells were set as effector cells .(1)In the experiment on immunoregulatory effects ,NKT lymphocytes or CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes were set as regulating cells ,there was three groups ,including the NKT group ,CD4+CD25+ T group and pure target cell control group .Otherewise ,the 1640 blank control group was set by only adding RPMI1640 solution .(2)In the ex‐periment on antitumor effects ,the NKT or natural killer(NK) lymphocytes were set as killer cells ,there was three groups ,inclu‐ding the NKT group ,NK group and pure target cell control group .Mixed culturing 24 ,48 and 72 hours ,the bioluminescence of target cells in MCL system was detected by using the in vivo imaging system .Results (1)In the experiment on immunoregulatory effects ,there were statistically significant differences in measured average photon numbers between NKT group ,CD4+ CD25+ T group and the two control groups(P<0 .05) .The statistically significant differences were also found in the NKT group between 24 hours and 72 hours (P<0 .05) .(2)In the experiment on antitumor effects ,there were statistically significant differences in meas‐ured average photon numbers ,when the NKT group and NK group were compared to the pure target cell control group(P<0 .05) . After culturing 24 and 72 hours ,statistically significant differences were found between NKT group and NK group(P<0 .05) .Con‐clusion The NKT cells could inhibit the lethal effects of lymphocyte cells on target cells ,and the inhibitory effects are changed by the length of culturing .Compared with the CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes ,NKT lymphocytes have strongger regulatory effects .Addi‐tionally ,the NKT cells have lethal effects on target cells ,which might be weaker than that of NK cells .

Objective To observe the characteristics of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes before and after silicone oil removal in patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods Thirty-nine eyes that underwent silicone oil removal were enrolled in this retrospective study.The patients included 24 males and 15 females,with an average age of (53.05±4.03) years,the duration of silicone oil tamponade ranged from 3 to 7 months.Best-corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit lamp microscope and prelens,indirect ophthalmoscopy and fourier domain OCT were measured for all patients before and at months 1,3 and 6 after silicone oil removal.The macular microstructure were observed before and after silicone oil removal.Results Submacular fluid was detected in 6 eyes (15.38％),at the last time of follow-up,submacular fluid resolved completely in 2 eyes with disrupted ellipsoid zone,and resolved partly in 2 eyes.Disrupted ellipsoid zone were observed before silicone oil removal in 16 eyes (41.02％),6 eyes showed simultaneous disrupted ellipsoid zone and disrupted external limiting membrane,and there were 2 eyes that external limiting membrane was not identified,at the last time of follow-up,disrupted ellipsoid zone restored in 2 eyes and the extent of disrupted ellipsoid zone became reduced in 4 eyes.Cystoids macular edema were found in 2 eyes (5.12％),it resolved completely in 1 eye and resolved partly in 1 eye at the last time of follow-up.Macular epiretinal membrane was detected in 10 eyes (25.64％),and macular epiretinal membrane was found before silicone oil removal in 5 eyes,at the last time of follow-up,the membrane became thickened in 2 eye;5 eyes developed macular epiretinal membrane after silicone oil removal,at the last time of follow-up,the membrane became thickened in 1 eye.Secondary macular hole were noted in 2 eyes.Microcystic macular changes were observed in 9 eyes (23.07％),it was observed in 7 eyes before silicone oil removal,and was observed in 2 eyes after silicone oil removal,at the last time of follow-up,the cysts reduced in 1 eye.Conclusion Submacular fluid,disrupted ellipsoid zone and microcystic macular are the main macular ultrastructural changes that developed in patients with RRD before and after silicone oil removal.

Objective To study the effect of long‐acting nitrate on cardiac function and expression of AngⅡreceptor (ATR)subtypes in kidneys of chronic heart failure (CHF)rats after myocardial infarction .Methods Ninety male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into control group (group A ,n=9) ,sham operation group (group B ,n=8) ,HF model group (group C ,n=9) , low Elantan dose group (group D ,n=9) ,high Elantan dose group (group E ,n=9) ,olmesartan group (group F ,n=9) ,and combined high Elantan dose and olmesartan group (group G ,n=8) .A HF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery .The animals received gastric drugs for 6 weeks .Their cardiac function was assyed by ultrasound echocardiography and expressions of AT1 R and AT2 R were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ,respectively .Results The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly higher ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly higher and the AT2 R expression level was significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) .The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly lower ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly lower and the AT2 R expression level was significantly higher in groups E‐G than in group C (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .The receptor expression levels were much higher in group G than in group F (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Long‐term use of long‐acting nitrate can effectively improve cardiac function and protect renal function .

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.

Objective To investigate the effects of morphine on PTEN expression and NF-κB activity in human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803.Methods The human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was purchased from Cell Biology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium.The cells were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 6 each): control group and morphine group.The cells was exposed to 0.1 μmol/L morphine in morphine group.The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after being incubated with morphine for 24 h.PTEN expression and NF-κB activity were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The apoptotic rate was significantly increased,PTEN expression was up-regulated and NF-κB activity was significantly decreased in morphine group compared with control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine can promote the apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells by up-regulating PTEN expression and decreasing NF-κB activity.

Objective To provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of all-ceramic crown prosthodontics,the influence of cement thickness on the stress distribution in all-ceramic crowns under load was studied numerically.Methods The finite element analysis(FEA) model of a standard mandibular first molar was established using spiral CT and CAD software,and then it was applied to analyze the stress distribution of all-ceramic crowns under vertical loading using FEA software.Results Stress concentration was found in mesial and distal cement;the stress distribution at the cement upper and lower interface was found to be similar,and the stress magnitude discrepancy between the two interfaces was small;the stress of the model with 0.15 mm cement in the cervix was lower about 30% than the one of the 0.05 mm model.Conclusions The cement thickness plays an important role in the stress distribution of all-ceramic restoration system.The model with 0.15 mm cement shows a better resistance to destruction among the three models investigated.

Objective To investigate the effect of fentanyl on the viability of human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Methods The human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was purchased from Cell Biology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium. The cells were seeded in 6-well or 96-well plates and divided into 3 groups (n = 60 wells each): group Ⅰ normal control (group C); group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were exposed to fentanyl 0.01 and 1.00 μmol/L respectively (group F1, F2). The viability of the cells was detected by MTT assay after being incubated with fentanyl for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h. The cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and the ulrastructure of the cells was examined with transmission electron microscope after being incubated with fentanyl for 24 h. The proliferation of the cells was determined by colony formation assay at 7 day of incubation with fentanyl. Results The viability and proliferation of the cells and the proportion of the cells in S phase were significantly lower, while the proportion of the cella in G2/M phase and the apoptotic rate were higher in group F1 and F2 than in group C but no significant difference was found between group F1 and F2. The nuclear evelope was intact, the nucleolus and chromosomes were clearly visible in group C, while in group F1 and F2 fregmentation of nuclear envelope and nucleolus, chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed in group F2. Conclusion Fentanyl can inhibit the viability of human gastric cancer cells by its pro-apoptosis inducing effect.

This paper proposed a mobile vital-signs monitoring system based on ZigBee localization and wireless transmission technology for the elderly in nursing home. The system can monitor the vital-signs (pulse, ECG and blood oxygen), localize human body and warn in emergency. The validity and accuracy of this system were testified by the experiments of mobile acquisition and storage of pulse. In these experiments, the measurement of pulse ranged from 50 to 170 time a minute, the mean error of which was less than 3%. The mean error of localizing was less than 4 m. And the data transmission rate was 250 kbps. The system, which effectively conducts the real-time monitoring of the health and safety situation for the elderly, has a great significance for protecting the elderly's life safety.
Aged ; Equipment Design ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Nursing Homes