Objective:To investigate the role of AngⅡreceptors(AT1 and AT2) in the left ventricular hypertrophic process and its mechanisms through detecting the expression of AngⅡreceptors(AT1 and AT2) in hypertrophic cardiomyocyte induced by pressure overload in rats. Methods:Fourteen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: sham group(n=7),and operation group(n=7). Left ventricular hypertrophy model was well established after abdominal aortic stenosis in each group.The expression of AT1 and AT2 was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and RT-PCR,respectively. Indexes of left ventricular hypertrophy,including myocardial fibrosis,LVMI,cross-sectional area and apoptosis index(APOI),were also measured. Results: SBP,DBP,MBP,LVMI,and cardiomyocyte CSA,APOI,level of plasma AngⅡand expression of AT1 and AT2 in operation group were markedly increased as compared with sham group. Conclusion:Expression of cardiomyocyte AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased significantly in rat of left ventricular hypertrophy,which indicated that AT1 and AT2 receptors both participate in the process of left ventricular hypertrophy but they may play antagonism effects.

Objective To explore the structural foundation of transport pathway of pineal secretions from the pineal body to the cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid space. Methods The pineal capsule of the superficial pineal body of 1.5-month and 12-month old rats was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results Cribriform and trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were scattered on the pineal capsule.Cribriform epithelial stomata were seen mostly in 1.5-month old rats.They were composed of many round pores which pierced through the full-thickness of the periphery of the capsule endothelium.The pores were dense and ranged from 200-500 nm in diameter;trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were seen in both 1.5-month and 12-month old rats.Trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were located among epithelial cells of the pineal capsule.They were round or elliptic in shape and ranged from 1-4 ?m in diameter.On the surface of the pineal capsule,many secretory granules were observed.They were spherule and 8001 000 nm in diameter.Conclusion The releasing pattern of secretory granules of the pineal body could include a releasing of the whole membrane;the pineal secretions may be transported directly from the pineal body to the cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid space through the epithelial stomata of the pineal capsule.

Objective To investigate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) with the abnormality of glucose metabolism in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Based on the level of fast plasma glucose(FPG) and 2-hours-plasma glucose(2hPG),120 patients with essential hypertension were divided into 3 groups:Normal glucose tolerance group(NGT),impaired glucose tolerance group(IGT)and diabetes mellitus group (DM).The hs-CRP was measured.Results The level of hs-CRP gradually increased from NGT to DM groups(P＜0.05).The level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with SBP,DBP,2hPG and FPG in patients with essential hypertension(r =0.48,0.37,0.46,0.31,P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormality of glucose metabolism in patients with essential hypertension was related with hs-CRP.

Objective To investigate the value of arthroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of knee synovitis. Methods 50 cases of knee synovitis diagnosed by arthroscopy and treated by endoscopic synovectomy were studied. There were 10 cases with rheumatoid arthritis, 11 cases with pigmented villonodular synovitis,5 cases with chronic infection of knee joint,12 cases with chronic non-specific synovitis,5 ca-ses with tuberculous synovitis of the knee,4 cases with meniscus injury,3 cases with unknown cause. The efficacy of the treatment was recor-ded. Results All these cases were clearly diagnosed by microscopic examination combined with synovial pathological examination,and 10 cases were corrected with clinical diagnosis post-operation. All cases received primary healing without serious complications. All cases were followed up,and 6 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis,2 cases of rheumatoid arthritis,1 case of chronic non-specific synovitis and 1 case of tuberculous synovitis of the knee had recurred. The total effective rate was 80. 0%. Conclusion The application of arthroscopy and syno-vial biopsy was effective in diagnosis. Arthroscopic synovectomy had good effect on treatment with less trauma and complications.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on moderate and severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and analyse its mechanism. Methods 42 cases with moderate and severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were selected in our study. All patients were divided into observation group and control group randomly. Control group were received simvastatin while the observation group were received simvastatin combined with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate treatment. The course was 6 weeks.The changes of NASH classiifcation, clinical symptom, liver function, lipid levels and liver ifbrosis items in two groups before and after treatment were observed and recorded. Results All patients were received 6 week treatment, none of them dropped out. The clinical symptoms were improved in both two groups. There were 5 severe NASH improved to moderate NASH, 8 moderate NASH improved to mild NASH in observation group while only 3 severe NASH improved to moderate NASH in control group. The difference of NASH classiifcation between two groups was signiifcant(P<0.05). Compared to pre-treatment, the AST, ALT, TBIL,γ-GT were decreased in both two groups. But the liver function items in observation were lower than control group(P<0.05). The lipid level were decreased in both two group and there were no signiifcant differences between two groups after treatment. The level of PC III, HA, C-IV were decreased in observation group while had no changes in control group. Conclusion The magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate could decrease the AST, ALT and lipid level, improve the classiifcation of liver ifbrosis, and had low rate of side effect during treatment.

BACKGROUND: At present, the basic molecular etiological mechanism and core regulatory network of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains uncertain, and there is not an ideal measure for early diagnosis of DVT. OBJECTIVE: To study the underlying impact of cathepsin L/G in DVT rat model. METHODS: DVT rat models (n = 50) were established by clamping both femoral vein in three different positions within 3 seconds with mosquito forceps and fixing with cast. According to different observation phases and biological situations of the femoral vein thrombosis, model rats were divided into thrombogenesis group, pre-thrombogenesis group and non-thrombogenesis group. An additional 10 normal rats served as control group. Femoral vein was obtained at corresponding time points to exact total RNA. After a gene chip-based screening, the data of gene expression were further dissected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON: Gene chip hybridization analysis results demonstrated that differential expression of cathepsin L/G gene was significant among groups, and the expression was greatest in the thrombogenesis group, followed by pre-thrombogenesis and non-thrombogenesis groups, which was significantly greater than the control group (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis results were consistent with gene chip hybridization analysis results. These indicate that DVT is associated with an increase in expression of cathepsin L/G in local venous vascular wall, and they may be candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy differences of different doses of cyclophosphamide(CTX)among subcategories of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis(LN). Methods Clinical data of 133 LN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy with class IV or class IV +V who were treated with corticosteroid plus CTX were analyzed retrospectively. The baseline Scr, 24 h urine protein, CTX dosages and prognosis were compared among different dosages for each subcategory. Results The average cumulative dose of CTX within 6 months was(11.1 4.1)g. The high dose group was >12 g, the medium dose group was >6-12 g and the low dose group was ≤6 g. Compared to low dose group, high dose CTX increased the remission rate of class Ⅳ +Ⅴ(67% vs 40%, P=0.314)and chronic renal lesion(43% vs 0%, P=0.212), but such enhancement was not obvious in class Ⅳ(Ⅳ-S: 67% vs 50%, P=0.548, Ⅳ-G: 65% vs 70%, P= 0.560). Difference of overall adverse reactions was not significant between high dose group and low dose group(51% vs 37% ,P=0.224). Conclusion Corticosteroid plus high dose CTX may improve the remission rate of patients with class IV + V and chronic renal lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, classification and outcome in lupus nephritis(LN)patients with thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA). Methods LN patients with TMA proven by renal biopsy, from January 2000 to February 2009 in our hospital were enrolled. They were classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit group(n =35)and pauci-immunocomplex deposit group(n=25). Their clinicopathologic features and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Results(l)The incidence of TMA in lupus nephritis was 9.2%(n=62), which presented severe hypertension, prominently elevated serum creatinine, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and was also the poorest prognosis of all the vascular lesion types. The incidence of death/end stage renal disease(ESRD)was 25.0%, with a mortality rate of 13.6%.(2)According to immunocomplex deposit in renal tissue, LN complicated with TMA could be classified as "poly immunocomplex deposit subtype" and "pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype". The former presented better response to steroid and immunosuppressant therapy, in spite of more active clinicopathologic manifestations. The incidences of death/ESRD of poly subtype and pauci subtype were 8.8% and 32.0% respectively. Conclusions TMA presenting severe manifestations and the poorest prognosis is not rare in LN. LN with TMA may be classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit subtype and pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype. This classification may be helpful in prognosis because the latter shows bad response to steroid-immunosuppressant therapy.

BACKGROUND:The molecular mechanism of traumatic deep vein thrombosis is complex.Numerous studies focus on clinical observation and epidemiology,but its molecular mechanism has not been a new breakthrough.OBJECTIVE:By use of gene array technology,this study was aimed to study the expression changes of matrix metalloproteinases in rat models of traumatic deep vein thrombosis,and to explore the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in traumatic deep venous thrombosis.METHODS:A total of 150 SD rats,SPF grade,of 8-12 weeks old,body weight of 250-300 g,were divided at random into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=140).Rat traumatic deep venous thrombosis models were set up by clamping the femoral vein and fixing the bilateral hind limbs,and the fixation of hip spica with plaster bandage was conducted in each group.Then rats were divided into 7 subgroups:post-traumatic 0.5 hours,post-traumatic 2.5 hours (initial period of thrombosis),post-traumatic 25 hours (thrombogenesis at thrombotic crest-time),post-traumatic 25 hours non-thrombogenesis at the thrombotic crest-time),post-traumatic 72 hours (thrombus resolution),post-traumatic 72 hours thrombus insolution) and post-traumatic 168 hours (nonthrombosis).At the corresponding phasess,the femoral vein tissues were incised,and total RNA of femoral vein was extracted using Trizol one-step method.Applying Genechip Rat Genome 430 2.0 genechips,the gene expressions in femoral vein were detected in different groups.The rate of traumatic deep venous thrombogenesis and non-thrombogenesis,the rate of thrombi solution and insolution were observed;the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases at different time phases was detected by gene array data analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three model rats died and the remaining 147 rats were involved in the final analysis.At the post-traumatic 25 hours,the rate of thrombogenesis was 50.5% and nonthrombogenesis was 49.5%.To the post-traumatic 168 hours,the rate of thrombus solution was 56.7% and thrombus insolution was 43.3%.Both matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases exhibited differential expressions in the course of traumatic deep venous thrombosis.Under the thrombus insolution state,matrix metalloproteinases continued to show a high expression,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression was down-regulated in the thrombus formation,was significantly inhibited in the thrombus insoluUon process.In the process of traumatic deep vein thrombosis and insolution,matrix metalloproteinase was closely related to traumatic deep vein thrombosis,the matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases are likely to affect the biological state of thrombosis.

Objective To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) on the megalin defect in type 1 diabetic mice with early kidney disease.Methods 7-8 week-old,baseline body weight and fasting blood glucose matched wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were selected,and randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=6) and WT DM group (n=6).In the same way,male A1AR knock-out C57BL/6J mice were selected as A1AR-/-DM group (n=6).DM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin.The blood glucose (BG),body weight (BW),kidney weight (KW),24 h proteinuria (24hUP) and albumin creatine ratio (ACR) were measured at 4 weeks.The renal pathological lesion was observed and the expression of megalin in proximal tubules was examined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were detected by Western blotting.Results At 4th week,compared with WT control mice,the BG,BW,KW and 24hUP of WT DM mice were increased significantly (n=6,P ＜ 0.01),with the pathological glomerular enlargement,mesangial cell proliferation,extracellular matrix accumulation and renal tubule hypertrophy being observed.Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of megalin,an important multiligand protein receptor on the brush border of proximal tubular epithelial cells in WT DM mice,which was correlated with 24hUP (r=-0.645,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control mice,the expressions of caspase-1,IL-18 and A1AR were significantly increased in WT DM mice (P ＜ 0.05).For A1AR-/-DM mice,more serious pathological lesion and megalin defect,together with increasing of casapase-1 and heavier proteinuria were observed than those in WT DM mice.Conclusion A1AR may play a protective role in megalin expression of diabetic mice with early kidney disease,in which the mechanism may be associated with caspase-1 related pyroptosis pathway.The details need further exploration.