Colorectal cancer (CRC),a common gastrointestinal malignancy,has been a threat to the health and life of human being.CRC is concealed with no obvious clinical symptoms or signs.Therefore,most of the patients have been in the middle and advanced stage when CRC has been diagnosed.Thus it seriously affects the prognosis and life.Accordingly,early diagnosis is crucial in earlier treating,prognosis improving and survivability increasing.In recent years,the morbidity and mortality of CRC are still on the rise.Hence,how to improve the early diagnosis rate has been a research focus in clinical study.Based on this point,the author makes a literature review on the early diagnosis of CRC.

Objective To study clinical manifestations and imagine features (CT and MRI) on toxic encephalopathy after inhaling heroin. Methods 13 patients with toxic encephalopathy induced by inhaling heroin were observed and analyzed on its clinical and imagine features (CT and MRI).Results 13 patients all were male, and were intoxicated by way of inhaling heroin vapour. Nine cases had appearances of clinical manifestations during abrupt abstinence. The main clinical manifestations of the disease were of the sub-acute diffuse cerebral lesions, especially of early mental symptoms and cerebellum ataxia. The CT of all 13 cases showed multiple white matter lesions involving in the frontal, parietal, occipital,temporal, and cerebellum hemisphere dentate nucleus. There was no occupational mass shown in general. The MRI of 6 cases showing focus was the same as of the CT. Conclusion The diagnosis of HTE should be dependent on the definite inhaling heroin vapour and their clinical features and neuroradiological appearance. CT should be valuable for the diagnosis of HTE, and the MRI as well. Corticosteroids show less therapeutic effect on such diesease.

Objective To know drinking water quality in the rural areas of Jiangxi province and to provide a scientific basis for making the policy of water improvement.Methods In 2007,twenty-two counties in Jiangxi Province were chosen to investigate the drinking water quality in the rural areas(the types of water source,the ways of water supply,drinking water treatments and population).There were 10-11 monitoring sites in each county.In the dry season(March to May) and wet season(August to October),the water samples were collected,conserved,analyzed and evaluated.Results Of 8 726 568 rural population,16.76% used central water supply taking river water as the water source,83.24%used separate water supply using the shallow and deep layer groundwater as the water source.88.52%of the people consumed the water which was not treated.In wet season and dry season,221 water samples were collected respectively,surface water and groundwater accounted for 21.27%and 78.73% respectively,43.89%and 51.58%of the water samples reached the drinking water standard respectively.In wet season and dry season,the eligible rate of water using surface water as the water source was 63.83%and 59.57%respectively,and it was 38.51% and 49.43%in using groundwater as the water source.In wet season and dry season,the eligible rate of central water supply was 62.79%and 64.84%respectively,it was 31.85%and 42.31%in separate water supply.The total colony count,total coli group,pH, nitrate nitrogen,manganese,iron,arsenic and fluoride were often seen exceeded the related limit.Conclusion The central water supply is not used so widely and microorganism contamination in drinking water is still a main problem in drinking water safety.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) refers to the ischemic tissues or organs to regain perfusion on tissue and organ damage.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated by the mitochondrial and the change of the mitochondrial permeability can be induced mitophagy.And dysfunction of the mitophagy is closely related to the body a variety of disease.This article aims to introduce the research of progress about mitophagy in recent years,especially the role it play in the ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) is a functional disease,characterized by nauseating,vomiting,and gastric atony without of mechanical gastric outlet obstruction,and is ofen caused by operation at the abdomen,especially gastric and pancreatic operation.In recent years,the incidence rate of PGS presents ascendant tendency,and more and more doctor attach importance to PGS.A better knowledge of the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of PGS can help decrease the incidence rate of PGS and improve the cure rate of PGS.Thus,the authors write this review about these aspects of PGS.

Objective:To screen and identify the potential targets of carthamin against sepsis by studying the characteristics of carthamin.Methods:The pharmacological parameters and molecular characteristics of carthamin were analyzed with the aid of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). The targets of carthamin were screened by SwissTargetprediction (a website providing compound target prediction) and Drug Repositioning and Adverse drug Reaction via Chemical-Protein Interactome (DRAR-CPI). The anti-sepsis targets were selected from the three databases of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD). The targets of carthamin screened by the two websites and disease targets selected from the three databases were matched to screen the targets of carthamin against sepsis. The anti-sepsis potential targets of carthamin were identified by molecular docking software.Results:The oral bioavailability of carthamin was 41.15%, the drug-likeness was 0.24, and the rotational bond number was 1, which indicated that carthamin was well absorbed by oral administration and showed good drug formation. A total of 115 potential targets of carthamin were screened by SwissTargetprediction and DRAR-CPI; 149 disease targets were found from OMIM, CTD and TTD databases; 115 target proteins of carthamin screened by the two websites were matched with the disease targets , and 10 target proteins were found to be both molecular targets and disease targets. The 10 target proteins were coagulation factor Ⅸ (F9), adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), mitogen activity protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), cathepsin G (CTSG), neutrophil elastase (ELANE), protein C (PROC), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and prostaglandin endoperoxidase 2 (PTGS2). Molecular docking software analysis showed that carthamin had the ability to bind to the above 10 target proteins, which were potential targets of carthamin against sepsis. Carthamin could interact with the key amino acid residues of the targeted proteins, so as to play the corresponding efficacy.Conclusion:Carthamin combines with the targets could reduce the tissues and organs damage of sepsis by regulating CTSG, ELANE and LCN2, reduce inflammatory response of sepsis by regulating ADORA1, PTGS2, NOS2, MAPK1 and mediating PROC and F9 to inhibit clotting, and improve oxidative stress, reduce the incidence of sepsis by regulating G6PD, finally, prevented and treated sepsis.

Objective To explore the role of salidroside in HIRI and its related mechanism. MethodsA total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the model group, the low, medium and high dose group, 18 rats in each group. The low, medium and high dose group rats were injected with 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg salidroside solution, and the sham group and model group were injected with saline in the same volume, one time per day. After 7 days, all the rats were set up with the model of IR except the rats in Sham groups. The AST and ALT of serum, contrast between groups liver tissue by Optical microscope with HE dyeing at 4, 8, 16 h after reperfusion. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of protein of MAPK, JNK, ERK and NF-κB.ResultsFour, 8, 16 h after reperfusion, the level of ALT (540.67 ± 15.91 U/L vs.697.67 ± 5.98 U/L, 307.50 ± 12.97 U/L vs.962.50 ± 17.63 U/L, 103.33 ± 3.95 U/L vs.198.17 ± 9.73 U/L) and AST (651.17 ± 7.39 U/L vs.944.67 ± 11.38 U/L, 415.50 ± 10.97 U/L vs.1561.83 ± 15.76 U/L, 168.33 ± 5.81 U/L vs. 280.33 ± 12.35 U/L) in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Eight and 16 hours after reperfusion, the expression of MAPK (1.28 ± 0.19 vs. 2.10 ± 0.12, 1.64 ± 0.14 vs.1.89 ± 0.14), JNK (1.80 ± 0.10 vs. 2.42 ± 0.11, 0.84 ± 0.17 vs. 3.32 ± 0.19), ERK (2.43 ± 0.10 vs.5.95 ± 0.09, 2.07 ± 0.13 vs. 6.61 ± 0.14), NF-κB (2.32 ± 0.16 vs. 3.08 ± 0.10, 2.11 ± 0.13 vs. 2.74 ± 0.17) in the high dose group were significantly lower than the model group (P<0.05).Conclusions The salidroside could reduce the liver ischemia- reperfusion injury, and its mechanisms may rugulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.

ObjectiveTo analyze the change in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in the past 27 years and to probe the relationship between iodine and these carcinomas. MethodsStatistical analysis was performed on data of thyroid diseases, thyroid malignant tumors, PTC , FTC and their complications in Department of Pathology from 1978 to 2004 in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with Run test、Cox-Stuart test, ANOVA, t or t′ test and Chi-square test. ResultsIn 27 years there were 231837 cases of biopsies (average 8587cases/year). The biopsies were performed in the thyroid diseases as a whole 6276 cases (2.70%),thyroidmalignanttumors644cases(0.28%), PTCs 465 cases (0.20%), and FTCs 80 cases (0.03%) in 27 years. Biopsies in thyroid diseases as a whole showed a descending tendency since 1982 but an ascending tendency after 1995. Biopsy in malignant thyroid tumor did not show a significant change, and biopsy in PTC showed an ascending tendency and that in FTC showed a descending tendency after 1995. The average age, both in male and female patients, at the time of diagnosis of PTC and FTC showed no significant change during 27 years, but the mean age of male at the time of diagnosis was older than that of female. The ratios of male to female in PTC and FTC were 1:3.31、1:2.81 respectively,and showed no significant change either. There were more biopsies with lymph node metastasis in PTC (33.76%) than those in FTC (10.00%) and more biopsies with blood vessel involved or nodular goiter in FTC (11.25% and 13.75%) than those in PTC (0.65% and 4.52%). Mean age of patients with PTC and nodular goiter (44.3 years old) was older than those without goiter (38.1 years old). The ratios of male to female with PTC and FTC with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis. ConclusionThe incidence of thyroid malignant tumors in 27 years has no significant change. The contrary tendency of PTC and FTC suggests that the decreasing malignant degree of carcinoma. It suggests that this area is not in high iodine condition and the change have no relationship with the iodine intake.

Five fractions were split for the chemical components of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome by the combination application of various separation methods and the over 90% similarity of HPLC fringerprints within each fractions indicated the good repeatability for the splitting procedure. Further, a term of nonsimilarity degree ( NSD) was introduced to measure the unoverlapping property of the chemical fractions and different statistic analyses, including principal component analysis, cluster analysis, angle cosin analysis, squared euclidean distance and the NSD of peak areas of crude drug were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their unoverlapping property, revealing the NSD among different fractions was calculated above 85%. Among them, the NSD of peak area of crude drug established on the basis of HPLC fingerprints of crude drug is more suitable for the NSD evaluation of chemical splitting fractions of crude drug comparing with other statistical methods and practical for reflecting the real content-activity relationship in the subsequent exploration of effective substances of crude drugs. This research provides a new effective method to evaluate the chemical difference of splitting fractions of Chinese medicine and lay the foundation for exploring the effective and property-flavor substances or of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Surgical resection of liver diseases such as liver cancer,traumatic hepatic rupture,it was often faced with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the residual liver,which significantly increased the risk of surgical treatment and impact the postoperative recovery of patients.Autophagy was a way of programmed cell death after hepatic ischemia reperfusion.When researching hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury simulated by animal experiments,it ofen detected the level change of autophagy marker molecular LC3-Ⅱ representing the activity of cell autophagy.Now the authors write the research progress of LC3-Ⅱ in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.