Sinonasal T/NK lymphomas are distinct clinicopathological category of extranodal head and neck lymphomas.In Europe and America,the incidence of sinonasal malignant lymphomas was 1.5% in all lymphomas,2.2% in extranadal lymphomas;And in Asia,the incidence was hegher than that in Eurepe and America.Some references confirmed that those lymphomas have immunophenotype of T-lymphocyte/natural killer cell,for this reason,its named as T/N lymphomas.In this paper,the references of immunophenotype,clinicopathogenical feature,diagnosis and management of sinonasal T/N lymphomas were reviewed

A morphologic study was performed on the thyroid tissues of Hashimoto thy-roiditis (HT) and subacute thyroiditis (SAT) with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that the number and proportion of Ig and T positive cells were quite similar between these two diseases, suggesting that autoimmunoaction may play an important role in the generation and development of SAT.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Drosophila has been regard as one of the ideal models for Alzheimer because of its unique advantage on genetic manipulation. AD transgenic drosophila models not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, but also provide potential screening models for drugs to treat the disease. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress using AD transgenic drosophila.

The thyroid allografts in rats were cultured for 48h in the conditions of hyperbaric oxygen (a mixture of 95% O2,5% CO2 pressurized at 2 atmospheres)and low pH(5.5 and 6.9).Uncultured and air cultured allografts were taken as control groups.The thyroid slices were transplanted under the kidney eapsulse of thyroidectomized recipients.By examining histological changes,detecting the serum T3 and T4 levels and five weeks body weight gain,the graft survival was cvaluated.Though the thyroids cultured in hyperbaric O2 were contaminated with the passenger leukocytes,the grafts had prolonged survival,suggesting this method might effectively diminish MHC immunogenicity to thyroid grafts.

Objective To investigate the effects of dendritic cell (DC) and HLA-DR antigen expression in the generation and development of Graves′ disease (GD), Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT) and subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Methods A morphologic study was performed on the thyroid tissue of 53 GD with pronounced lymphocytic infiltration, 52 HT and 31 SAT to investigate the pathologic changes of DC and HLA-DR antigen positive cell in the parenchymal cells and intestitial tissue by histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic technique and statistic analysis. Results The observation on DC and HLA-DR positive infiltrating cell in GD, HT and SAT showed a similar increase with the degree of cellular infiltation. The highest peaks of DC and HLA-DR positive thyroid follicular epithelium were in HT O-type and granulomatous area of SAT. The highest peaks of HLA-DR positive immunoactive cells was in HT P-type and fibrous area of SAT. Conclusion DC and HLA-DR positive cells may play an important role in the antigen-presenting step as well as in their direct cytotoxicity. These processes are related to the pathogenesis of AITD (GD and HT) and SAT. The thyroid follicules may be destroyed in the autoimmune reaction, and initially the patient presents hyperthyroidism and finally hypothyroidism follows because of the fibnosis of the follicules.

Thetherapeuticeffectsofintermitentcyclicetidronatedisodium(HEBP)ofdifferentdosesonovariectomy-inducedosteoporosiswerestudied.53femaleWistarrats,weighingwithanaver-ageof266gmwererandomlydividedinto5groups.Gourp1hadbilateralovariectomy(OVX)andwasgivenlowdoseHEBPof25mg/kgBW/day;group2hadOVXandgivenmediumdoseHEBPof36mg/kgBW/day;group3hadOVXandgivenhighdoseHEBPof51mg/kgBW/day;group4hadOVXandgroup5hadshamOVX.HEBPwasadministratedoralyduringfastingfor5daysfolowedbyarestperiodof25daysandtheregimewasrepeatedfor3times.Alanimalsweresacrificedat90thdayafterOVX.RadioimmunoassayofserumestradiolconfirmedthesuccessofOVX.TheserumCaandPcon-tent,AKPaseactivity,femoralrelativedryweight,CaandPcontentwereanalysedrespectively.Therighttibiaewereprocessedundecalcifiedforquantitativebonehistomorphometry.TheresultsshowedthatthebonecalciumcontentandtrabecularbonevolumeofOVX-ratstreatedwithHEBP,especialywiththelowdosegroupwerehigherthanthatofthesimplyOVX-ratandtheboneturnoverparameterssuchasAKPaseactivity,boneformationsurface,boneresorptionsurface,activeformationsurface,bonemineralappositionrateandboneformationratewerelowerthanthoseofthesimplyOVX-rat.TheresultsindicatetheHEBPcouldretardthedegreeofosteopososisthroughreducingtheelevatedboneresorptionandboneturnoverinducedbyOVX.Meanwhile,theresultssuggestthattheefectoflowdoseHEBP(25mg/kgBW/day)wasmoreefectivethanthatofthehighdose.

Objective To simulate the dynamic procedure of bullet damage to the three-dimensional(3D) finite element(FE) model of mandible from different angle with computer-aided engineering.Methods A mandible was scanned by thin-layer CT,and then CT images were analyzed and managed with Dicom standard and Mimics software.At the same time,a simulation of the 3D FE model penetrated by a 7.62-mm bullet was carried out through LS-DYNA software from different angle.Results A 3D FE model of human mandible was established with highly-identical geometric size,and the dynamic process of bullet damage to the model was successfully simulated.The results of this work indicated that the exit wounds in model tended to be larger than the entrances resulting from the same shot.Conclusion Thin-layer CT and Dicom standard can improve the efficiency of establishment of a more precise 3D FE model of mandible.The procedure of bullet damage to the mandible can be simulated by the finite element.

Objective To establish a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a swine mandible, simulate the dynamic procedure of bullet damaging the swine mandible and explore a finite ele-ment analysis method on maxiilofacial gunshot wound. Methods The digital imaging and communica-tions in medicine (DICOM) data obtained from CT scanning of a swine mandible were remerged into a 3D finite element model of the original specimen through Mimics and ANSA software, then a simulation of 3D finite element model penetrated by a 7.62 mm bullet was carried out through LS-DYNA software. The simulation data were compared with those from animal experiment in laboratory to test the feasibility of 3D finite element model and the simulation method. Results A 3D finite element model of a swine mandi-ble was established, with highly identical geometric size with the specimen. In the meantime, the dynam-ic process of a 7.62 mm bullet damage to the model was successfully simulated. Data from the simulation and those from animal experiment showed a high level of consistency. Conclusion 3D finite element method is prosperous in application in basic research on maxillofacial gunshot wound.

ObjectiveTo analyze the change in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in the past 27 years and to probe the relationship between iodine and these carcinomas. MethodsStatistical analysis was performed on data of thyroid diseases, thyroid malignant tumors, PTC , FTC and their complications in Department of Pathology from 1978 to 2004 in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with Run test、Cox-Stuart test, ANOVA, t or t′ test and Chi-square test. ResultsIn 27 years there were 231837 cases of biopsies (average 8587cases/year). The biopsies were performed in the thyroid diseases as a whole 6276 cases (2.70%),thyroidmalignanttumors644cases(0.28%), PTCs 465 cases (0.20%), and FTCs 80 cases (0.03%) in 27 years. Biopsies in thyroid diseases as a whole showed a descending tendency since 1982 but an ascending tendency after 1995. Biopsy in malignant thyroid tumor did not show a significant change, and biopsy in PTC showed an ascending tendency and that in FTC showed a descending tendency after 1995. The average age, both in male and female patients, at the time of diagnosis of PTC and FTC showed no significant change during 27 years, but the mean age of male at the time of diagnosis was older than that of female. The ratios of male to female in PTC and FTC were 1:3.31、1:2.81 respectively,and showed no significant change either. There were more biopsies with lymph node metastasis in PTC (33.76%) than those in FTC (10.00%) and more biopsies with blood vessel involved or nodular goiter in FTC (11.25% and 13.75%) than those in PTC (0.65% and 4.52%). Mean age of patients with PTC and nodular goiter (44.3 years old) was older than those without goiter (38.1 years old). The ratios of male to female with PTC and FTC with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis. ConclusionThe incidence of thyroid malignant tumors in 27 years has no significant change. The contrary tendency of PTC and FTC suggests that the decreasing malignant degree of carcinoma. It suggests that this area is not in high iodine condition and the change have no relationship with the iodine intake.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of 4 flavonoids constituents in Yinqiao capsules. METH-ODS:HPLC method was adopted. The Hypersil ODS C18 column was used with the mobile phase A of methanol-water-acetic acid (10∶88∶2,V/V/V)and B of methanol-water-acetic acid(88∶10∶2,V/V/V)in gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min;the de-tection wavelength was 327 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship between the amount of quercetin and peak area in the range of 0.050 9-1.018 0 μg(r=0.999 8),kaempferide in the range of 0.050 2-1.004 0 μg(r=0.999 5),isorhamnetin in the range of 0.051 0-1.020 0 μg(r=0.999 4)and rutin in the range of 0.050 4-1.007 0 μg(r=0.999 8). RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were <2%. The average recoveries were 100.09%(RSD=0.93%,n=9),99.83%(RSD=0.75%,n=9),100.51%(RSD=1.17%,n=9) and 101.19%(RSD=1.08%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is amount specific,stable and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Yinqiao capsules.