Polymalic acid, known as a bioactive material, is completely biodegradable, and has far reaching application potential in medical field. Combined with our own findings, we summarized advances in polymalic acid metabolism, microbial fermentation synthesis, and application research in the medical field. Finally, prospect for further research was addressed.
Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Malates ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry

This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of syringin on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms. Complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured with volume meter. Pain response and polyarthritis index were scored. Meanwhile, splenic lymphocyte proliferation response induced by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with MTT assay. IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes and IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha production of peritoneal macrophage (PM phi) were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 14th day after injection of FCA. Syringin and tripterygium glycosides (TG) were given by intragastric administration for 16 days from the 14th day. Treatment of AA rats with syringin and TG from the 22th day significantly attenuated the secondary hind paw swelling, as well as relieved the pain response and the polyarthritic symptoms of the whole body as compared with that of the AA model group. The suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes in AA rats were reversed by treatment with syringin. Meanwhile, syringin remarkably down-regulated IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha productions from PM phi. These results indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of syringin on AA rats are mediated by modulating the immune function of abnormal cells and the balance of cytokines.

Objective To investgate the proper perioperative management of Debakey Ⅰ aortic dissection by new type of three branches aortic arch covered stent graft implantation. Methods A total of 56cases with Debakey Ⅰ aortic dissection were enrolled into the study and operated by new type of three branches aortic arch covered stent graft implantation from July 2009 to August 2010. Results The cardiopulmonary bypass time during the operation was 90. 0 -248.0 min( median time 180. 6 ains) ,aortic cross clamp time was 69. 0 - 180. 0 min(median time 108. 2 mins) ,circulation arrest time was 17.0 -37.0 min ( median time 22. 6mins) ,the time using reathing apparatus was 16.0 -260.0 hours (median time 42. 8 hours),ICU residence time was 3.0 -23. 0 days( median time 6. 6 days). Fifty-four patients got well and were discharged. One patient died of multi-organ failure postoperatively and another died of large area of acute myocardial infarction. After the operation, six cases had acute renal failure, five cases had tracheotomy, three cases had reoperation for hemorrhage,one case had retardant pericardial tamponade, one case suffered from spinal cord injury, one had cerebral hemorrhage, and five cases had refractory arrhythmias. Conclusion The new type of three branches aortic arch covered stent graft simplified the procedures of aortic arch operation and lowered the operative risk in treatment of Debakey Ⅰ aortic dissection. Properly control of blood pressure and pain before surgery, shorten circulatory arrest time, maintain good organ perfusion seem to be the key points to improve the prognosis in patients with aortic dissection.

Cancer is a serious threat to human health with high morbidity and high mortality , using vitro tumor diagnostic reagents can improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.In order to develop the value of in vitro tumor diagnostic reagents in clinical use , this article would analyze “in vitro diagnostic reagents technical guidelines for clinical research” ,“in vitro diagnostic reagents registration” and other laws and regulations ,as well as the development of research in domestic and foreign.To discuss the clinical scheme design and development trend of in vitro tumor diagnostic reagents.

Aim To study the effect of Echinacoside on immune function and the hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA relative content of experimentally aging model mice. Methods Mice were given sc 10%D-galactose 10 ml?kg-1,once daily for 8 weeks to establish the model of aging mice. Vitamin E group ,and ECH groups were given ig Vitamin E 40 mg?kg-1 and ECH 20,40,60 mg?kg-1,respectively at one time. The interleukin-2(IL-2) and interleukin-6(IL-6) content in peripheral blood was measured by ELISA method.Phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages was tested by neutral red test. Proliferation and transformation of spleen lymphocytes induced by ConA were determined by MTT method. The mitochondrial DNA relative content of liver cells was measured by the means of SDS alkali decomposition from liver.Results The IL-2 content,phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were obviously decreased in the aging model group as compared with those in the normal control group.The IL-6 content and mitochondrial DNA relative content of liver cells were significantly increased. ECH 20,40,60 mg?kg-1 and Vitamin E 40 mg?kg-1 could improve the IL-2 content,phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and transformation of spleen lymphocytes,and reduce the IL-6 content and mitochondrial DNA relative content of liver cells. Conclusion ECH can enhance immune function and reduce the mitochondrial DNA relative content of liver cells,which may be one of the mechanisms of anti-aging.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational drug use.METHODS:Computer network system(CNS)of clinical rational drug use was constructed by using Hospital Information System(HIS),electronic medical records for both outpatients and inpatients and Prescription automatic screening system(PASS),which was then used for real time monitoring of clinical drug use.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:CNS has become an indispensable means for hospital management and clinical drug use in that it can provide support for the data analysis of clinical rational drug use,improve the level of clinical rational drug use,standardize the medical behavior and imrpove the treatment quality.

We present a rare case of dental foreign body from maxillary sinus in a 21-year woman who was hospitalized because of oral cavity and nasal sinus leak for 3 months when doing cheek-bulging action. Admission diagnosis :dental maxillary sinus"foreign body" (left); chronic maxillary sinusitis (left). Computed tomographic scan showed irregular high density shadow in the left maxillary sinus. The "foreign body" was removed via anteri- or prelacrimal recess approach, which was supposed to be the iatrogenic foreign body - alveolar bone.
Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of CHRNA1 genetic polymorphism on neuromuscular blockade induced with rocuronium. Methods Ninety-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (age 18-64 yr,BMI 18-25 kg/m2 ) undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were divided into 3 groups according to their genotypes: group Ⅰ AA ( n = 71 ); group Ⅱ AG ( n = 19) and group Ⅲ GG ( n = 5). ECG,BP, HR and SpO2 were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was assessed by response of adductor pollicis muscle to stimulation of the ulnar nerve using TOF-Watch SX monitor. Genomic DNA was extracted by using proteinase K digestion followed by a salting out prosedure. rs16862847 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequence analysis. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. Rocuronium 0.2 mg/kg was injected iv as soon as the patients lost consciousness. Results The twitch height of adductor pollicis muscle was significantly decreased in group AG and GG as compared with group AA ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between group AG and GG.Conclusion CHRNA1 genetic polymorphism can influence the neuromuscular blockade induced with rocuronium,indicating that the genetic factor is one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in neuromuscular blockade induced with muscle relaxants in patients.

Purpose The aim of this study was to reveal the role of SGT,the small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein,in the developing mouse brain through examining the expression profile of SGT during the development stage. Methods In this study, quantitative RT-RCR and Western blot were applied to investigate the expression of SGT mRNA and protein in the mouse whole brain. Western bolt was also used to detect the expression of SGT in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and cerebellum. Immunohistochemical analysis on postnatal and adult mouse brain was performed to examine the subcellular localization of SGT. Results Our data showed that the levels of SGT mRNA and protein in the mouse whole brain were both high during the postnatal stage and declined in the adult. Regional expression of SGT protein in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and cerebellum showed a similar expression profile.Immunohistochemical analysis found that in the P14 mouse brain, SGT was abundant in all the CA regions of hippocampus as well as most regions of cerebral cortex and striatum. In the cerebellum, SGT was mainly distributed in Purkinje cells. In the sections of the adult mouse brain, faint expression was observed in the regions mentioned above. Conclusions Our findings firstly exhibit the expression pattern of SGT in the mouse brain development,which might shed new light on further functional analysis of SGT in the central nervous system.

Objective To investigate the routine ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of hepatic nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) after portacaval anastomosis.Methods Routine ultrasonography and CEUS were performed in 18 BCS patients with hepatic nodules after portacaval anastomosis.Results Appearance after portosystemic anastomosis,multiplicity,small size,presence of peripheral rim and hypervascularization were important ultrasound imaging features of hepatic regenerative nodules in patients with BCS.Nodules showedquick wash-in and slow wash-out pattern in CEUS.Sixteen cases showed center-to-periphery enhancement pattern in arterial phase and hyper-enhancement in portal phase and late phase.Two cases showed periphery-to-center enhancement pattern in arterial phase and periphery enhancement in portal phase and late phase.Conclusions Hepatic regenerative have different features on routine ultrasound and CEUS in patients with BCS after portacaval anastomosis,which are useful for differential diagnosis.