Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressively and retrogressively neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system severely threatening the aged. The studies of animal models, which share the very similar neuropathological characteristics with human, provide tools for the understanding of the etiology, mechanisms and medicine screening of AD. The distribution and chemical composition of amyloid-beta (A- beta) peptide -positive deposits were investigated in various non-human primate models. Various proportions of A- beta deposits contained cholinesterase activities, apolipoprotein E(ApoE) and alpha1-antichymotrypsin immunoreactivity. Alterations in the basal forebrain cholinergic system have been widely studied, but the magnitude of decline and relationship to cognitive impairment are still a matter of debate. This article also includes the latest research of the changing on tau, subtle structural alterations in axons, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain tissues of the non-human primate models.

The statistical table is the common presentation way in nursing academic paper? From the standard production of statistical table and combining with editing working practice, this paper analyzed the common usage errors of statistical table with examples in nursing academic papers and put forward some corresponding suggestions?

Objective:To evaluate the effects of the intervention of cognitive-behavioral group counseling for elderly hypertensive patients with anxiety symptoms.Methods:The Screen for Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) of higher scores ≥41 was used to screen out 80 elderly hypertensive patients with anxiety symptoms,who were randomly signed to the intervention group (n =40) and the control group (n =40).The intervention group was given cognitive-behavioral group counseling for 8 weeks,while the control group without any intervention.All participants were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ),UCLA Loneliness Scale and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) at base line,8 weeks after the intervention and one month after the end of intervention.Results:Thirty-seven elderly hypertensive patients of the intervention group completed the 8-week sessions and 32 elderly hypertensive patients participated in the l-mouth follow-up.Thirty-nine participants of the control group completed the 8-week wait and post 8-week wait follow-up diagnostic tests.Compared to baseline,the patients had significant reduction in the scores at SAI and negative coping style after treatment (Ps ＜ 0.01),whereas the scores of those in the control group did not show any significant reduction (Ps ＞0.05).In the comparison of before-post difference between intervention and control group,the difference of SAI scores and negative coping style scores were higher inintervention group than in control group (Ps ＜ 0.05).The 1-month follow-up showed that the scores of SAIand negative coping style decrease continuously (Ps ＜ 0.01).Contusion:It suggests that cognitive-behavioral group counseling could reduce the level of anxiety in the elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of dorsal nerve fasciocutaneous flap in the treatment of children fingertip defect.Methods A total of 20 children (26 fingers)with fingertip defect were chosen as the research objects,and all of them were given the dorsal nerve fasciocutaneous flap surgery within the same finger.The sensory recovery,color,shape and function of the fingers were ob-served.Results All the 26 fingers were survived,and the survival rate was 100%.There were 8 cases of ambient blood circulation crisis 1 to 2 days after the surgery which were eliminated with corresponding treatment.Postoperative follow-up results showed that the sensory re-covery of the skin flap was S2 ~S3 6 months after surgery,and the two-point discrimination (2-PD)was 8 ~14 mm;the sensory recovery of the skin flap was S3 ~S3 +(19 fingers of S3 and 7 fingers of S3 +)12 months after surgery,and the two-point discrimination (2-PD)was 6 ~10 mm;the sensory recovery of the skin flap was S3 +~S4 (20 fingers of S3 +and 6 fingers of S4)12 months after surgery,and the two-point discrimination (2-PD)was 5 ~8 mm.Up to then,the finger shape and color of patients was similar with normal finger,the skin graft donor site was smooth without scar contracture,the finger joint function recovered well,and the distal interphalangeal joint function were normal.Conclusion Treatment of dorsal nerve fasciocutaneous flap repair for children fingertip defect has good clinical effect and it is wor-thy of clinical application.

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; World Health Organization

Objective To observe the effects of combined surgeries for the correction of congenital ptosis accompanied by epicanthus.Methods 80 cases (105 eyes) of congenital ptosis were analyzed in this study.64 cases (80 eyes),with levator muscle strength more than 4 mm,were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,and 16 cases (25 eyes),with levator muscle strength less than 4 mm,were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris.Furthermore,all these patients were corrected the epicanthus at the same time.Results Except the under correction in 5 cases (8 eyes),the remaining patients were corrected satisfactorily.Postoperative palperbal fissure length was averagely increased by 2.0± 1.0 mm,inner canthic diameter was averagely decreased by 4.0± 2.0 mm,the eyelid height was increased by average 9.0±1.0 mm,the inclination of palpebral fissure was 12.0°±2.0°;64 cases (80 eyes) were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,postoperative recurrence were 7.5％ (6/80),no postoperative recurrence were 92.5％ (74/80),complication were 5.0％ (4/80);16 cases (25 eyes) were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris,postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25),and no postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25);complication rates were 4.0％ (1/25).Conclusions This procedure of combined surgeries can reduce the recurrence rate effectively.Moreover,the satisfactory,functional,and aesthetic results can be obtained simultaneously with this method.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the individualized treatment of congential entropion.Methods Totally 150 patients (285 eyes) with congenital entropion were analyzed,the individualized procedures were performed,including the simple incision and suture surgery for simple congenital entropion,removing the redundant skin of lower eyelid for congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid but without epicanthus,the correction of entropion combined withY-V epicanthoplasty for congenital entropion with epicanthus and the recession of lower eyelid retractor for congenital entropion with lower eyelid retraction.The clinical effect,the percentage of cure and the complication of these cases were evaluated.Results The excellent results were achieved and no relapse or complications occurred in all cases.The total cure rate was 98.6％ (281 of 285 eyes).The cure rate of simple congenital entropion was 92.0％ (23 of 25 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid was 100％ (41 of 41 eyes).The cure rate of congenital halflength entropion accompanied by epicanthus was 99.4 ％ (179/180 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion associated with lower eyelid retraction was 97.4％ (38 of 39 eyes).Conclusions Individualized operations not only have well curative effect for various congenital entropions,but recurrence rate and complications have been reduced.

Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3 receptor ( P2X3R) in rats with diabetic mechanical allodynia ( DMA ) .Methods DMA model in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin ( STZ) .The von Frey filaments were applied to identify the changes of the paw withdrawal threshold ( PWT) in DMA rats.Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3R in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hind paw skin on different time points after intraperitoneal injection of STZ , respectively.The protein expression of P2X3R in SDH and DRG was further semi-quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group , intraperitoneal injection STZ induced significant mechanical allodynia indicated by the reduced PWT from 7 days, and which reached the peak on 14d and maintained to 28days (P<0.05). The expression of P2X3R in DRG neurons was significantly increased on 14 days and 21 days (P<0.05), while that in SDH and skin was markedly increased on 21 days and 28 days, compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion With the progress of DMA, the expression of P2X3R was significantly increased in the SDH, DRG and skin, which was almost parallel with the mechanical allodynia , but the changes in SDH and skin were 1 week later than that in DRG .These results suggest that P2X3R may play a key role in the maintenance of the DMA .

Objective To compare the clinical effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.And provide a reasonable basis for clinical treatment of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Methods The clinical and follow-up records of 58 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PFNA and DHS were retrospectively reviewed.For times of operation,blood loss in operation,length of incision,incidents of complication and Harris's hip functional standard score were compared and analyzed.Results PFNA group operation time[(59.61 ± 8.27)min],amount of bleeding[(234.51 ± 38.80)ml] were both better than the DHS group of[(83.54 ± 11.12)min and (446.57 ±54.01) ml] respectively.There were significant differences (t =9.80,18.10,all P ＜ 0.05).The satisfactory rate was 92.8％ in PFNA group,higher than the DHS group's 83.3 ％ (x2 =6.18,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference between two groups in the incident of complication,DHS group was higher.Conclusion PFNA internal fixation with a minimally invasive,fixed solid and recovery fast,is the better internal fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients.