Objective: To determine whether mannose-binding lectin(MBL) variant alleles were associated with frequent relapses in childhood nephrotic syndrome(NS). Methods: MBL alleles of codon 54 and promoter region at positions-550 and-221 were genotyped by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)and PCR-Sequence-Specific Primers(PCR-SSP)assay in 32 China Han Nationality children with frequently relapsing NS(FRNS) and 31 with non-frequently relapsing NS(NFRNS),as well as in 32 healthy control subjects. Results: In patients with upper respiratory infections before relapses,the mutant genotype(GGC/GAC and GAC/GAC) frequency of MBL codon 54 was higher in children with FRNS(76.0%) than in children with NFRNS(42.9%).The B allele mutation frequency of MBL codon 54 was higher in children with FRNS than in healthy control subjects(34.4% vs 12.5%,P

The statistical table is the common presentation way in nursing academic paper? From the standard production of statistical table and combining with editing working practice, this paper analyzed the common usage errors of statistical table with examples in nursing academic papers and put forward some corresponding suggestions?

Mannose-binding lectin(MBL) is a key component of the innate immune system that plays a pluripotent role in natural defense.MBL genetic variants are associated with increased susceptibility to and the severity and prognosis of various diseases.The association between low MBL-producing allelic variants and disease risk and/or severity is particularly strong in infectious and autoimmune diseases.Enhanced risk for disease by low MBL producers is particularly the case for children and immunocompromised patients,especially when primary and secondary immune deficiencies coexist.Therefore the use of MBL testing and replacement therapy has reached the threshold of personalized medicine.The author presents a review of the role of MBL in health and diseases,the advances in MBL testing methodology and MBL related therapies.

Objective To investigate the effect of bowel preparation before colonoscopy and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 283 patients with colonoscopy were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with basic information questionnaire of bowel preparation and their intestinal cleanliness were assessed by the Ottawa Assessment Scale. The status of bowel preparation and it′s influenced factors were analyzed. Results The total score of Ottawa Assessment Scale was (5.37 ± 2.22) points, and the efficiency of intestinal cleaning was only 59%(167/283). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.033, P=0.013); history of chronic constipation (OR=10.341, P=0.000);history of appendectomy (OR=5.349, P=0.007); walking time during medication (OR=0.350, P=0.000);incomplete intake of the preparation (OR=0.078, P=0.000), the time interval between the initiation of ingestion and the onset of bowel activity (OR=1.034, P=0.000), defecation frequency (OR =0.794, P=0.004);characteristics of last stool (OR=0.159, P=0.000) were influencing factors of intestinal cleanliness. Conclusions The intestinal cleanliness of patients with colonoscopy is still at a low level. In the future, medical personnel should identify patients with risk factors early, and give them specific bowel preparation, so as to improve the quality of bowel preparation effectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of CHRNA1 genetic polymorphism on neuromuscular blockade induced with rocuronium. Methods Ninety-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (age 18-64 yr,BMI 18-25 kg/m2 ) undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were divided into 3 groups according to their genotypes: group Ⅰ AA ( n = 71 ); group Ⅱ AG ( n = 19) and group Ⅲ GG ( n = 5). ECG,BP, HR and SpO2 were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was assessed by response of adductor pollicis muscle to stimulation of the ulnar nerve using TOF-Watch SX monitor. Genomic DNA was extracted by using proteinase K digestion followed by a salting out prosedure. rs16862847 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequence analysis. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. Rocuronium 0.2 mg/kg was injected iv as soon as the patients lost consciousness. Results The twitch height of adductor pollicis muscle was significantly decreased in group AG and GG as compared with group AA ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between group AG and GG.Conclusion CHRNA1 genetic polymorphism can influence the neuromuscular blockade induced with rocuronium,indicating that the genetic factor is one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in neuromuscular blockade induced with muscle relaxants in patients.

Objective To identify the pathogenic gene for a Chinese Han consanguineous marriage family with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia by homozygosity mapping and mutation analysis.Methods Six members of the family were enrolled in this study,including 3 patients,the unaffected sibling and their parents of first cousin marriage.After excluding GAA repeats mutation of FXN gene,whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray scanning and homozygosity mapping were performed to localize the candidate gene.The coding regions and intronic flanking sequences of the candidate genes were analyzed.Results Four candidate regions were identified,including 2p25.3,9q22.2-34.3,13q12.3-14.3 and 17p13.The SETX gene localizing in 9q22.2-34.3 that is responsible for ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 was analyzed at first.There were 4 mutations in exon 10,including three missense mutations (c.3576T ＞ G,p.D1192E ; c.3754G ＞ A,p.G1252R; c.4156A ＞ G,p.I1386V) and a deletion mutation (c.5084_5087delAGTC,p.Q1695_S1696del).Three patients were homozygous of the 4 mutations,an unaffected sibling was normal,and their parents were heterozygous of 4 mutations.Conclusions The pathogenic haplotype comprising four mutations of the SETX gene was identified in the consanguinity family.c.5084_5087delAGTC (p.Q1695_S1696del) is a novel mutation.The affected individuals of this family were characterized by mild phenotype and slow progress without oculomotor apraxia,indicating the clinical variability of the disease.

Objective To investigate radiation-induced alternations of phospholipids in epithelial cells,and to provide experimental evidence for understanding the mechanism of radiation-induced intestinal injury.Methods The intestinal epithelial cells(IEC-6)in rats were divided into three groups:normal control group,8 Gy X-ray irradiation group and 12 Gy X-ray irradiation group.Phospholipids were extracted at 6 h or 24 h after radiation and then measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).Results At 6 h after radiation,the phospholipids in 8 Gy irradiation group didn't vary significantly,while those in 12 Gy irradiation group changed.The PG,PI and Lyso PC were significantly up-regulated(F=5.37,9.60,9.88,P＜0.05).However,at 24 h after radiation,many PE and PG species in both irradiation groups declined(F=5.15-99.77,P＜0.05)and SM species increased in 12 Gy irradiation group(F=4.35-7.92,P＜0.05).Conclusions The ionizing radiation could disorder phospholipid metabolism in IEC-6 cells with a dose-dependent manner.

ObjectiveTo study the occurrence and influence factors of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection.MethodsChina Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD) from 1993-2013 and case reports concerning adverse effects and drug-induced diseases caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection from Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platformwere retrieved. Indicator systemwasestablished and relevant contentsweresummarized and analyzed.Results34 types of traditional Chinese medicine injectionswereincluded and 699 drug-induced diseasesweresummarized, taking up 53.98% of the total adverse effects. Among them, the top three included in the drug-induced diseaseswere acanthopanax injection, safflower injection and Mailuoning injection. The non-conformance between the traditional Chinese medicine injections in the literature and instructions mainly reflects unreasonable solvent selection, large compatibility concentration and usage and dosage beyond those specified in the instructions. ConclusionThe occurrence of drug-induced injuries of vital organs caused by traditional Chinese medicine injectionis relatively high, drug instructions shall be strictly followed in accordance with requirements during clinical application.

Objective To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection. Methods Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 Column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was established;mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1%formic acid with gradient elution;the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min;the column temperature was 40 ℃. Characteristic spectrum cluster of 13 batches of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection were analyzed, and Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Evaluation System (2004 A) was used to evaluate their quality. Results UPLC fingerprint common mode of 13 batches of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection was established. There were total 16 common spectrum peaks in the reference for comparison, and three main peaks were identified with better separation. The 13 batchs had good consistency, and the process was stable. Conclusion The method is rapid, efficient and can be used for full control of the quality of Shuanghuanglian powder-injection.

Objective To investigate the inheritance principle of the expanded GAG repeat allele and the clinical features of spinocerebellar ataxias 3 (SCA3) in a consanguinity family with first cousin marriage.Methods The CAG repeats of SCA3 gene were amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction.Fragment analysis with laser-induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis were performed for the positive samples detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.Furthermore,the clinical features were analyzed carefully.Results Fragment analysis revealed that the proband carried 2 alleles with 56 and 72 CAG repeats separately.The proband' s father carried 28 and 66,and the expanded CAG repeat allele inherited from his grandfather.The proband' s mother carried 33 and 56,and the expanded CAG repeat allele inherited from his grandmother.The proband' s son carried 27 and 85 and presented with dystonia besides ataxia.Conclusions The proband' s parents have the common ancestors.Their alleles with expanded CAG repeats probably come from the same allele of their ancestor.The GAG repeat is more unstable in the paternal inheritance than in the maternal inheritance.The 71-year-old asymptomatic family member carry the allele with 56 CAG repeats,which indicates the 56 CAG repeats may be not associated with the disease.The patients within this family have variable clinical features,especially the juvenile-onset case presents with apparent dystonia.