Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.

Objective To investigate the effects of different head positions during operation on wake-up time and quality among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis following pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO).Methods Sixty patients were included in this study.All of them,treated with intravenous anesthesia,took the bow-prone position.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:the experiment group where the head was elevated by 10° and the control group where the head was not elevated.The two groups were compared in respect of wake-up time and quality of wake-up test.Results The wake-up time in the experiment group was significantly shorter as compared to that of the control group (1 3.7±2.0 min vs.24.2±2.7min,P＜0.05).The wake-up quality was better as well.Conclusion Elevation of the head by 10° can shorten wake-up time and improve the quality of wake-up test during the procedure of PSO for AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis.

This article was aimed to evaluate clinical efficacy of the pulmonary rehabilitation health education guidance mode. The CAT assessment tool was used for evaluation of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inpatients and outpatients in the Respiratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University. A total of 80 stable COPD patients were randomized divided into the treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, stable COPD patients received pulmonary rehabilitation health education guidance. And then the quality of life was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, after 48-week health education intervention, the CAT score and dyspnea index scale score of 40 patients in the treatment group were decreased with significant difference (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the guidance mode of pulmonary rehabilitation health education was conducive to improving the quality of life of pa-tients with COPD, decreasing the dyspnea index score, and improving exercise tolerance in patients to a certain extent. This pattern can be implemented in the optimization of future clinical practice and nursing.

Uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) is a member of the multigenic uncoupling proteins (UCPs), specific expressing in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. UCP4 plays an important role in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, brain trauma and other central nervous system diseases by uncoupling, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential,regulating Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress. This article reviews UCP4 and its roles in the central nervous system diseases in order to provide certain basis for the development of UCP4targeted medication.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different processing methods (steeping, boiling) and different adjuvants (alum, ginger, bile) on toxicity and adverse effect of Arisaema Amurense Maxim. Methods: The determinations of toxicity and adverse effect were performed by tasting of hot and tingle, test of stimulating rabbit eyes and acute toxicity test. Results: The product processed by alum is better than that by ginger in eliminating hot and tingle taste. The product processed by heating is better than that without heating. The test result of stimulating rabbit eyes is similar to that of hot and tingle taste. The result of acute toxicity test indicates that the toxicity of Arisaema Amurense Maxim is low. Conclusions: It is scientific that Arisaema Amurense Maxim. is mostly processed by alum and heat. The clinical application of Arisaema Amurense Maxim. has a certain safety.

Objective To observe the effects of combined surgeries for the correction of congenital ptosis accompanied by epicanthus.Methods 80 cases (105 eyes) of congenital ptosis were analyzed in this study.64 cases (80 eyes),with levator muscle strength more than 4 mm,were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,and 16 cases (25 eyes),with levator muscle strength less than 4 mm,were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris.Furthermore,all these patients were corrected the epicanthus at the same time.Results Except the under correction in 5 cases (8 eyes),the remaining patients were corrected satisfactorily.Postoperative palperbal fissure length was averagely increased by 2.0± 1.0 mm,inner canthic diameter was averagely decreased by 4.0± 2.0 mm,the eyelid height was increased by average 9.0±1.0 mm,the inclination of palpebral fissure was 12.0°±2.0°;64 cases (80 eyes) were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,postoperative recurrence were 7.5％ (6/80),no postoperative recurrence were 92.5％ (74/80),complication were 5.0％ (4/80);16 cases (25 eyes) were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris,postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25),and no postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25);complication rates were 4.0％ (1/25).Conclusions This procedure of combined surgeries can reduce the recurrence rate effectively.Moreover,the satisfactory,functional,and aesthetic results can be obtained simultaneously with this method.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the individualized treatment of congential entropion.Methods Totally 150 patients (285 eyes) with congenital entropion were analyzed,the individualized procedures were performed,including the simple incision and suture surgery for simple congenital entropion,removing the redundant skin of lower eyelid for congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid but without epicanthus,the correction of entropion combined withY-V epicanthoplasty for congenital entropion with epicanthus and the recession of lower eyelid retractor for congenital entropion with lower eyelid retraction.The clinical effect,the percentage of cure and the complication of these cases were evaluated.Results The excellent results were achieved and no relapse or complications occurred in all cases.The total cure rate was 98.6％ (281 of 285 eyes).The cure rate of simple congenital entropion was 92.0％ (23 of 25 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid was 100％ (41 of 41 eyes).The cure rate of congenital halflength entropion accompanied by epicanthus was 99.4 ％ (179/180 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion associated with lower eyelid retraction was 97.4％ (38 of 39 eyes).Conclusions Individualized operations not only have well curative effect for various congenital entropions,but recurrence rate and complications have been reduced.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of intrathecal injection of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of intracranial infection,and to provide evidence-based reference in the clinic. METHODS:Re-trieved from PubMed,Medline,CJFD,VIP,Wanfang databases,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about intrathecal injection of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of intracranial infection were collected. Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies according to Cochrane system review manual 5.0.1. Then Meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.2 statistical software. RESULTS:Total of 8 RCTs were included,involv-ing 543 patients. Meta-analysis showed that,compared with intravenous dripping of ceftriaxone or vancomycin,intrathecal injec-tion of vancomycin combined with dexamethasone could significantly increase response rate [RR=1.18,95%CI(1.11,1.26),P<0.001] and bacterial clearance rate of CSF[RR=1.13,95%CI(1.01,1.27),P<0.001] of intracranial infection patients,shortened treatment time [SMD=-1.60,95%CI(-1.89,-1.30),P<0.001],reduce the incidence of ADR [RR=0.48,95%CI(0.32,0.73), P<0.001]. At the same time,it also could improve changes of intracranial pressure[SMD=-1.78,95% CI(-2.10,-1.47),P<0.001],changes of protein quantitation of CSF[SMD=-0.18,95%CI(-0.25,-0.11),P<0.001] and changes of glucose quantita-tion of CSF[SMD=1.77,95%CI(0.91,2.63),P<0.001],with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Intrathecal injection of van-comycin combined with dexamethasone shows good clinical efficacy for intracranial infection,improves bacterial clearance rate, shortens treatment duration,significantly lowers intracranial pressure and protein quantitation,improves glucose quantitation of cere-brospinal fluid,with good safety.

Breast cancer is the highest incidence and mortality of malignant tumor in women. Recurrence and distant metastasis are the main cause of death. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) has the potential to inhibit bone resorption characteristics mediated by osteoclast, which not only could suppress tumor cell proliferation and start the apoptosis of tumor cells, but also might interfere the adhesion of cancer cells to bone matrices, thereby could inhibit the migration and invasion of tumor cells. In some preclinical studies zoledronic acid has been demonstrated to have the direct anti-tumor effects on breast cancer. There are different therapeutic effects in treatment with zoledronic acid between the premenopausal and post-menopausal patients with breast cancer. This review summarized basic and clinical research progress of the anti-tumor differentiation effect of zoledronic acid in breast cancer.

Objective Supramolecular hydrogels were the hydrogels consisting of a solid 3D network with noncovalent bonds.Its unique properties such as biocompatibility,biodegradability,free sol-gel transformation and stable drug release ability make it widely exploited for various biomedical applications.This paper mainly focused on the use of supramolecular hydrogels in all types of biomedical application such as biosensor,cell culture,tissue engineering,gene engineering and drug delivery by research literature reviews.They hope that this focus review will contribute topromote the use of supramolecular hydrogels.