OBJECTIVE:To study the current situation on the research of pharmacoeconomics of antineoplastics.METHO-DS:The pharmacoeconomic research papers on antitumor drugs published in domestic academic magazines over the 10 years ever since 1995 were evaluated by tabulating of the items.RESULTS:Only a preliminary pharmacoeconomic study on antitumor drugs has been done,however,which are far from standardized and perfect.CONCLUSION:The pharmacoeconomic study on antitumor drugs in itself has its complexity,which should be standardized so as to make the study results applicable further.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of adrenomedullin(ADM)synthesized in alveolar macrophages in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods The bronchoalveolar lavagae fluids(BALF)were collected by bronchoscopy in 15 cases of COPD and 14 healthy cases.The expression of ADM in plasma,BALF and the culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages(AMs)were analysed by radioimmunoassay.Results (1)The cells,PMNs and AMs in BALF of COPD group were significantly higher than those of healthy group(P

Necrotizing pneumonia(NP)is a serious pulmonary complication of community acquired pneumonia(CAP), and can occur in adults and children.NP was first reported in adults, and in recent years the incidence of NP in children is growing.Until now, there is little description compare the etiology, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, risk factors, treatment and prognosis in children and adults with necrotizing pneumonia.This article systematically reviews several aspects of NP between children and adults, which would be helpful for diagnosing and treating NP in different age groups.

Objective To explore the relationship of attentional function,coping style and depressive symptoms in depression disorders.Methods Sixty-eight depression disorder and seventy-one normal healthy people were assessed by Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),coping style questionnaire and digit span forward.Independent samples t test and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze all data.Resuits Compared with the control group,depressed patients had higher blaming(0.57 ± 0.29 vs 0.29 ± 0.25,P ＜0.01),wishful thinking(0.55 ± 0.22 vs 0.42 ± 0.26,P ＜ 0.01) and avoidant (0.63 ± 0.18 vs 0.46 ± 0.21,P ＜0.0l),lower problem solving (0.67 ± 0.23 vs 0.80 ± 0.18,P ＜ 0.01),rationalization (0.51 ± 0.20 vs 0.59 ±0.06,P＜0.01) and poorer attentional function(6.90 ± 1.65 vs 7.54 ±0.98,P＜0.01) ;but there was no significant differences in support seeking score.Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that,even when controlling for age,sex,low score of support seeking were independently predicted attentional function impairment (β =-0.25,P＜0.05).In addition,the use of support seeking was found to mediate the relationship between digit span forward and retardation completely.Conclusion Retardation indirectly influence the attention function by the mediating of support seeking.

Objective To investigate the effective methods for detecting the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Vancomycin. Methods An isolate of h-VRSA (heterogeneous Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from clinical specimen was inoculated on the increasing concentration of vancomycin agars. Varied degree of vancomycin of resistant S. aureus were obtained. The susceptibilities of these S. aureus to vancomycin were tested by agar screening test, broth microdilution method, E-test, disk diffusion method and automated methods. Results Agar screening test, broth microdilution method and E-test are effective for detection of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus VISA, but disk diffusion and automated methods could not detect VISA. Conclusion Broth microdilution method and E-test are acceptable methods for susceptibility testing of S. aureus to vancomycin. The laboratories using automated methods and disk diffusion method as routine susceptibility test should consider adding a vancomycin agar screen plate to enhance detection of VRSA and VISA.

Objective To explore the significance of changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-oα) protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with viral encephalitis (VE).Methods The concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE),structural proteins 100B (S100B),and MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α in the CSF of VE children were detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the correlations of them were analyzed.Results NSE,S100B,MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α protein expression could be found significantly higher than those in the control group,and there were significant differences according to statistics expression trends(all P ＜0.05).The NSE protein expression was significantly positive related with S100B in the VE group (r =0.467,P =0.009),and the concentration was markedly negative related with the duration of viral encephalitis (r =-0.472,P =0.008).MMP-9,IL-6 protein expression were significantly positive related with NSE,S100B respectively (r =0.698,P =0.00 ; r =0.559,P =0.00 ; r =0.812,P =0.00 ; r =0.664,P =0.00).TNF-α protein expression was positive related with CSF S100B(r =0.363,P =0.049),but there was no correlation between TNF-α and NSE (r =0.245,P =0.193).Conclusions The neurons and the neuroglial cells are damaged in the viral encephalitis children.MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α protein may participate in the pathological damage process of nerve cells in VE children in different degrees.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics difference of levofloxacin polymorphs in rats, evaluate the advantageous medical polymorph,and explore the effects of different polymorphs on clinical medicine. Methods Four crystal forms of levofloxacin were administered intragastrically to rats,and high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC)was used to measure the contents of levofloxacin in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared Results After a single oral dose,the peak plasma concentration(Cmax)of crystal forms ofⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣof levofloxacin was 6. 984,9. 692,9. 405,6.424 mg·L-1;the time to peak(tmax)was 0.6,0.9,1.0,1.0 h;the half-life(t1/2)was 4.207,2.97,4.857,1.695 h;theareaunderthecurve(AUC0→12h)was31.478,42.385,32.406,31.636mg·h·L-1. Conclusion Thereisnostatistically significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters. However,compared with other crystal forms,plasma concentration of crystal form II is higher and maintained longer. Therefore,crystal form II of levofloxacin is an advantageous polymorph for medicine.

Objective To evaluation the efficacy of ketamine on the expression of adhension molecular CR3and intracellular cAMP, cGMP in neutrephils in patients associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as well as the cardiovascular function of the CPB patients. Method Sixty patients operated on with prosthetic valve replace-rnent under CPB were randomly divided into 4 groups: placebo, ketamine 0.1 mg/kg ( ketamine Ⅰ) ,ketamine 0.5 mg/kg ( ketamine Ⅱ) ,ketamine 1 mg/kg( ketamine Ⅲ). Each group included 15 eases. Venous blood sam-pies were obtained during anesthesia induction (T1), 10 min before CPB (T2), end of CPB (T3) and 24 hoursafter operation (T4). The expression of CR3 was measured by Flow cytometry and the concentration of cAMP/cGMP by HPLC. Results Ketamine with various dosages decreased the expression of CR3 at the T3 and T4 inpatients of ketamine groups compared with patients of placebo group (P<0.05). The dosages of ketamine Ⅱgroup and ketamine Ⅲ group had more significant effect than that of ketamine Ⅰ group. The dosages of ketamineⅡ and ketamine Ⅲ group increased the intracellular cAMP at the T3 and T4 compared with ketamine Ⅰ groupand placebo (p<0.05), respectively. However,cGMP was lower in ketamine Ⅱ and ketamine Ⅲ group thanthat in ketamine Ⅰ group and placebo (P<0.05) at the T3.Morever,the mean arterial blood pressure was higherin ketamine Ⅱ and ketamine Ⅲ group at T4. Only the patients of ketamine Ⅲ group required less inotropic drugsafter operation. Conclusions Ketamine can reduce the expression of adhhension molecular CB3 and intracellularcAMP, cGMP in neutrophils from patients associated with CPB.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression,and identify the correlation between cognitive dysfunction and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level.Methods All participants including 73 depressed patients and 71 healthy controls were received clinical and cognitive assessments at admission,the depression group was divided into two groups by the score of Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ),one was depression with cognitive dysfunction group which had 36 cases,the other was depression without cognitive dysfunction group which had 37 cases.Concentration of BDNF was measured by the ELISA method.Results Cognitive impairments were found in numerous cognitive domains of depressed patients,including visuospatial and executive abilities,attention,delayed recall and orientation(P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in depression was 49.3％.There was not significant difference between two depressive groups (depression with cognitive disorder(12.08 ± 7.08)ng/ml,depression without cognitive disorder (12.22 ± 7.93)ng/ml,P ＞ 0.05),and the levels were significantly lower than that in healthy people ((16.55 ± 7.47) ng/ml,P＜ 0.01),and serum BDNF level had no positively relevant with different cognitive functions (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Depression patients have cognitive dysfunction in numerous cognitive domains,including visuospatial and executive abilities,attention,delayed recall and orientation.Serum BDNF level is closely related with depression,while,it has no obvious relationship with cognition function in depression.

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) gene (rs6265 and rs12273539) and cognitive impairment in depressive disorder.Methods All participants including 73 depressed patients and 71 healthy controls were received clinical and cognitive assessments at admission,and then the depression group was divided into two groups by the score of Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ).One was depression with cognitive dysfunction group,and the other was depression without cognitive dysfunction group,with 36 and 37 cases respectively.The polymorphisms of BDNF gene was identified by PCR-RFLP.Results No significant difference for rs6265 gene types(x2=5.18,P=0.27),A allele carries (x2 =4.28,P=0.12) and G allele carries (x2 =1.95,P=0.38) among the three groups.There was no significant difference for rs12273539 gene types,allele carries between patients without cognitive dysfunction and controls groups(P＞0.05).There was much more C-allele carries (x2=5.40,P=0.02)and less T-allele(x2=6.06,P=0.01) in patients with cognitive disorder than those in health and it was different in rs12273539 gene types between the two groups(x2=8.38,P=0.02).CC/CT/CT gene type performed different on attention function (P＜0.01).Conclusion BDNF rsl2273539(T/C) gene type has relationship with the onset of cognitive disorder in depressed patients,and there are more C-allele carries in depressive patients.The depression patients with CC gene type are worse on the attention function impairement.