To investigate the distribution of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among the population of Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna, Yurman Province HBV genotypes of the Serum samples were tested by PCR-RFLP. This is the first time to discover the B+E genotypes in China. This finding provides new information for understanding the distribution of HBV genotype in China and a provides a basis for establishing a Chinese gene bank.

Objective To evaluate the effect of AIDS health education in university students to provide the theoretical basis for AIDS prevention in the young college students .Methods In order to know about the situation of awareness HIV/AIDS ,a general survey of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was conducted in freshmen of Dali college by self‐made questionnaire In December 2010 , then various forms of health education was took for college students ,such as theoretical study ,lecture and so on .Investigation a‐mong students once again ,and compared with the baseline survey results in December 2012 .Results The accuracy of HIV/AIDS health knowledge in the young college students after had health education was higher significantly than that before(P<0 .05);The score of AIDS elated problem have been weighted ,and awareness was defined as≥60 ;Before health education ,2 619 students knew about AIDS related knowledge ,872 students did not ,the average score was (64 .50 ± 10 .22) ,the total awareness rate was 75 .67% ;after the health education ,3 323 students know about AIDS related knowledge ,138 students did not ,the average score was (84 .94 ± 12 .68) ,the total awareness rate was 96 .01% .After continuing health education ,the total score was significantly increased (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS could be improved by health education in various forms and that was impor‐tant for the prevention of AIDS among college students .

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes among the Bai nationality in Dali, a total of 100 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV-infection were collected for the detection of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes by genotype-specific primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP), respectively. Among the 100 samples, the proportions of genotype B, C and mixed genotype (B+C) were 41%, 25% and 34%, respectively. All the genotype B strains belonged to subgenotype Ba. In genotype C, 84% were Subgenotype Cs and 12% were subgenotype Ce. The distribution of genotypes B, C and B+C showed no significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.182) and among the age groups of patients (P=0.812). The rates of HBeAg/HBeAg positivity were no significantly different among genotypes B, genotype C and mixed genotype (B+C) (P=0.077/P=0.663). In Dali, genotypes B, B+C and C existed among Bai nationality with chronic HBV-infection, and genotype B was the major genotype. Subgenotypes Ba and Cs were the predominant strains in patients with HBV genotype B/C infection. The most prominent characteristic was the higher prevalent rate of mixed genotype (B+C) in patients.

Objective To analyze the occupational characteristics in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head and related factors.Methods A random sample of 1062 patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head of inpatient medical record data from 2007 to 2008 was selected, all patients were confirmed by X-ray, CT, MRI or radionuclide bone scan.Patients were assigned to three groups of agriculture (320 cases), non-agricultural (424 cases), the other(318 cases) groups by different occupation.The patient's age, gender, ethnicity, single or bilateral, etiology, staging, time of onset and region were compared in each group.Results The proportions of gender (male/female) were 21.94％ (233/1062) and 8.19％ (87/1062) in agriculture group,32.77％ (348/1062) and 7.16％ (76/1062) , 21.66％ (230/1062) and 8.29％ (88/1062) in non-agricultural and the other groups respectively.The proportions of region (Northeast, North, East, South, Southwest, Northwest of China) were 3.30％ (35/1062), 8.00％ (85/1062), 8.10％ (86/1062), 4.80％ (51/1062), 3.11％(33/1062) ,2.82％ (30/1062) in agriculture group, 8.29％ (88/1062), 10.08％ (107/1062), 7.72％ (82/1062), 7.25％ (77/1062), 2.26％ (24/1062), 4.33％ (46/1062), and 4.05％ (43/1062), 8.38％ (89/1062) ,8.10％(86/1062) ,4.61％(49/1062) ,2.17％(23/1062) ,2.64％(28/1062) in the group of non-agricultural and the other.The proportions of etiology (alcohol, hormones, trauma, two or more, the other) were 5.46％ (58/1062), 6.97％ (74/1062), 4.43％ (47/1062), 0.94％ (10/1062), 12.34％ (131/1062) in agriculture group, 10.55％ (112/1062), 7.72％ (82/1062), 5.74％ (61/1062), 2.26％ (24/1062), 13.65％ (145/1062), and 4.90％ (52/1062), 5.93％ (63/1062), 4.90％ (52/1062), 0.66％ (7/1062), 13.56％ (144/1062) in the group of non-agricultural and the other.The proportions of gender, region, etiology in each group were analyzed by x2 test, the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.77, 24.55, 26.36, P ＜0.05).The onset time and ARCO staging in each group, the correlations were analyzed by Spearman test, the differences were statistically significant(rs =0.282,0.232,0.208, P＜0.05).The onset of time and average age in different occupational group with different, due to factors such as gender, ethnicity, single or bilateral, region, and so on.Conclusion Patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head in different occupational group have different epidemiological characteristics.The occupational characteristics analysis can provide scientific data for diagnosis,treatment and prevention in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.

uate and should be standardized.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between histone deacetylase (HDAC) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bai and Han populations in Dali of Yunnan province.Methods:A total of 148 patients with T2DM of Bai and Han nationalities who received treatment in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from May 2019 to March 2021 were included in the T2DM group. An additional 100 healthy controls of Bai and Han nationalities who concurrently received physical examination in the same hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were included in the normal control group. The susceptibility genes of T2DM were detected using the Taqman MGB probe method. The susceptibility gene loci were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The whole sequence of susceptibility gene was sequenced.Results:There were no significant differences in the distribution frequencies of rs2530223 genotype, rs11741808 genotype, rs2547547 genotype, and rs1741981 genotype between Bai and Han populations (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in blood lipid level between four loci ( t = -1.06, -0.19, 0.39, -2.12, -2.04, 0.16, 1.47, < 0.01, -0.16, -3.17, -2.93, 0.69, -2.58, -2.33, all P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between different states (all P < 0.05). The frequency distributions of each genotype and each allele did not differ significantly between healthy control people of Bai nationality and T2DM patients of Bai nationality and between healthy control people of Han nationality and T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for T2DM. Conclusion:The relationships between HDAC gene polymorphism and T2DM, obesity and dyslipidemia differ between Bai and Han populations.