Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.

Aim To study the effects of a novel psychoactive drug,modafinil,on the GABAA receptor-induced current in rat hippocampus pyramidal neurons.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were applied in cultured hippocampus pyramidal neurons.Results The GABA-activated currents were blocked by bicuculline,a competitive antagonist of GABAA receptor.Modafinil could partly inhibit IGABA.Pre-treating hippocampus neurons with glibenclamide for 30 min,modafinil-induced inhibition on IGABA was removed.Conclusion Modafinil is different from other psychostimulants.The protection of modafinil may be via modulating ATP sensitive potassium channel activation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Chinese herbs for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with syndrome of blood stasis and qi deficiency. METHODS: Diabetic rats with back full-thickness skin lesion and syndrome of blood stasis and qi deficiency were divided in to five groups: untreated group, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-treated group, Yiqi Huayu Recipe (a recipe for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation)-treated group, Yiqi Recipe (a recipe for replenishing qi)-treated group and Huayu Recipe (a recipe for resolving stagnation)-treated group, and another eight normal rats served as normal control group. Immunohistochemical method and image analysis were used to test the expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with diabetes. RESULTS: In the untreated group, the expression of HIF-1alpha was significantly increased and the expression of VEGF was significantly decreased as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.01). The expression of HIF-1alpha was obviously lower (P<0.01) and the expression of VEGF was significantly higher in the four drug treated groups as compared with those in the untreated group. In the Yiqi Huayu Recipe-treated group, the expression of HIF-1alpha was obviously lower than those in the bFGF-treated, Yiqi Recipe-treated and Huayu Recipe-treated groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF was significantly higher than that in the bFGF-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbs for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation can promote the wound healing in rats through reducing the expression of HIF-1alpha, accelerating the expression of VEGF in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with diabetes and ameliorating the status of ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective:To compare the effects of treatment with Hybrid-Hyrax-Facemask(FM)versus miniscrews in the anterior pal-ate combined with Hybrid-Hyrax-Facemask(MSI/FM)for patients with early Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary deficiency.Methods:18 patients aged with early Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary deficiency were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=9)and treated with FM and MSI/FM respectively.Alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction(Alt-RAMEC)protocol combined with a maxillary protraction force of 3.92 N was applied on each side of all patients from elastics connected to the facemask in a down-ward and forward direction of 30° to the occlusal plane.Iortho cephalometric software was used to analyze the data of lateral cephalo-grams of the patients before(T0)and after(T1)treatment.Results:Improvement was verified in the facial profile and occlusion of all patients.In MSI/FM group the average treatment time was shorter.There were significant differences(P＜0.05)between T0 and T1 in the following measurements in FM group:SNA,ANB,Co-A,Co-Gn,Wits,S-Go,Na-Me,MP,U1-SN,UADH,LADH,Overjet,UL-EP increased,U1-L1 decreased.There were significant differences(P＜0.05)between T0 and T1 in the following measurements in the MSI/FM group:SNA,ANB,Co-A,Wits,Na-Me,MP,Y-axis,U1-SN,Overjet,UL-EP increased,SNB,Co-Gn-Co-A,S-Go/N-Me,U1-L1,L1-MP decreased.Conclusion:Both FM and MSI/FM combined with Alt-RAMEC protocol and a maxillary protraction force are effective in the treatment for Class Ⅲ patients with maxillary deficiency.MSI/FM may produce more significant bone effect and re-duce dental compensation,promote more forward growth of midface and more improvement in the growth direction of mandible and re-duce compensatory lip inclination of anterior teeth in shorter treatment time.

BACKGROUND: Teeth can be used as a raw material for preparing bone substitutes due to their similar chemical composition to bone. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of odontogenic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) incorporating dentin noncollagenous proteins (DNCPs) on osteogenesis and stability in maxillary sinus augmentation. METHODS: The composition, structure and morphology of the odontogenic BCP were tested by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The biocompatibility and osteoinduction of DNCPs and materials were examined in vitro and their bone regeneration capacity was verified in vivo. RESULTS: The results showed that the cells adhered and proliferated well on the DNCP-loaded BCP scaffold. The odontogenic BCP and DNCPs promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells, The new bone formation in the BCP groups and DNCP subgroups was significantly higher than the new bone formation in the control, and the new bone quality was better.The bone regeneration effect of odontogenic BCP was similar to the effect of deproteinized bovine bone mineral, but b-TCP did not maintain the height and volume of bone reconstruction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the combined application of DNCPs and odontogenic BCP is an effective strategy for tissue engineering osteogenesis in the maxillary sinus region. The biomimetic strategy could provide a new approach for patients requiring maxillary sinus lifting.

BACKGROUND: Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) has been employed successfully as a synthetic graft material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) for placing dental implants. However, the lack of osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of this substitute invariably results in bone regeneration of low quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loading dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) onto β-TCP promoted bone regeneration and osteointegration of dental implants in MSFA of dogs. METHODS: BMSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector overexpressing the DMP1 gene (Lenti-DMP1) and with a lentiviral vector overexpressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lenti-EGFP) in vitro and were loaded into β-TCP scaffolds for autologous sinus grafting. Beagles received bilateral MSFA with four biomaterials (① Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ② Lenti-EGFP-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ③ BMSCs/β-TCP, ④ β-TCP) and simultaneous implant placement at each sinus. Twelve weeks post operation, the maxillae were explanted, and every sinus was evaluated by radiographic observation, micro-CT and histological analysis. The osteogenic outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration were compared between the four groups. RESULTS: The sinuses grafted with Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP constructs presented a significantly higher increase in compact radiopaque area, higher local bone mineral densities, greater bone-implant contact and greater bone density when compared to other three groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that combinations of β-TCP and DMP1 gene-modified BMSCs could be used to construct tissue-engineered bone to enhance mineralization of the regenerated bone and osseointegration of dental implants in MSFA.

BACKGROUND: Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) has been employed successfully as a synthetic graft material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) for placing dental implants. However, the lack of osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of this substitute invariably results in bone regeneration of low quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loading dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) onto β-TCP promoted bone regeneration and osteointegration of dental implants in MSFA of dogs. METHODS: BMSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector overexpressing the DMP1 gene (Lenti-DMP1) and with a lentiviral vector overexpressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lenti-EGFP) in vitro and were loaded into β-TCP scaffolds for autologous sinus grafting. Beagles received bilateral MSFA with four biomaterials (① Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ② Lenti-EGFP-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ③ BMSCs/β-TCP, ④ β-TCP) and simultaneous implant placement at each sinus. Twelve weeks post operation, the maxillae were explanted, and every sinus was evaluated by radiographic observation, micro-CT and histological analysis. The osteogenic outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration were compared between the four groups. RESULTS: The sinuses grafted with Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP constructs presented a significantly higher increase in compact radiopaque area, higher local bone mineral densities, greater bone-implant contact and greater bone density when compared to other three groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that combinations of β-TCP and DMP1 gene-modified BMSCs could be used to construct tissue-engineered bone to enhance mineralization of the regenerated bone and osseointegration of dental implants in MSFA.

Objective:To understand the infection status of key human parasites in Yantai City, Shandong Province, and to provide scientific basis for establishing strategy for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:According to the "National Investigation Plan of Human Parasitic Infection Status" and implementation rules, stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 39 survey sites in 10 counties (cities, districts) of Yantai City from 2015 to 2019. The respondents were residents in each survey site, with no less than 200 people in each survey site. The modified garten thick smear method (one fecal two test) and the direct smear method were respectively used to detect the eggs of intestinal worms and the trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa. Besides, the transparent adhesive paper anal swab was used to detect pinworms in children aged 3 - 9 years. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Comparison between infection rates was analyzed by χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability test with 0.05 of test level. Results:A total of 8 507 people were investigated from 2015 to 2019. The total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 1.75% (149/8 507), and no protozoa was detected. A total of 4 species of intestinal worms were detected, including 1.41% (120/8 507) of whipworm, 0.16% (14/8 507) of ascaris, 0.14% (12/8 507) of pinworm and 0.07% (6/8 507) of hookworm. Among 149 cases of worm infection, 3 cases were ascaris and whipworm mixed infection, accounting for 2.01%. The infection rate of pinworm was 1.90% (11/578) in 578 children aged 3 - 9 years detected by transparent adhesive paper anal swab. From 2015 to 2019, the incidence of intestinal parasites infection first increased and then decreased, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 469.38, P < 0.05). The infection rates of male and female were 1.72% (70/4 071) and 1.78% (79/4 436), respectively, with no significant difference between them (χ 2 = 0.05, P > 0.05). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate in different age groups (χ 2 = 23.34, P < 0.05). The infection rate of intestinal parasites in ≥80 years old group was the highest with 2.84% (8/282). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate among different professionals (χ 2 = 41.71, P < 0.05). Intestinal parasites infection rate of farmers was the highest with 2.58% (113/4 388). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate among people with different cultural degree(χ 2 = 51.91, P < 0.05). Infection rate of illiterate people was the highest with 4.98% (16/321). Parasitic infection was detected in 10 counties (cities, districts), except Laishan District. The highest infection rate was Haiyang City (10.18%, 102/1 002), and the results of other counties (cities, districts) were lower than 1.20%. There was significant difference in infection rate in different regions (χ 2 = 433.87, P < 0.05). The infection rate in urban area was 0.51% (22/4 281), and the infection rate in rural area was 3.01% (127/4 226). The difference between urban and rural areas was statistically significant (χ 2 = 76.70, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The infection rate of intestinal parasites has been reduced to a lower level in rural area of Yantai City, and farmers are the key prevention and control population of intestinal parasites infection, so attention should be paid to strengthen the publicity of parasitic disease prevention and control.

Objective : To investigate the pathological role of detect protein kinase C(PKC)/ transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 ( TRPV1) pathway in trigeminal neuralgia ( TN) in rats. Methods : The infraorbital nerve⁃chronic constriction injury (ION⁃CCI) was used to establish a rat model of TN. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group , CCI group , CCI + DMSO group and CCI + GF109203X ( a PKC inhibitor) group. The mechanical pain threshold of the rats was measured using a Von Frey brush. qRT⁃PCR and Western blot were used to detect PKC and TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) . HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of TG. Results : The mechanical pain threshold significantly decreased (P < 0. 05) , and the expression of phosphorylated PKC(p⁃PKC) and TRPV1 in TG significantly increased in the CCI group (P < 0. 05) . Histopathological results showed that compared with the Sham group , the CCI group observed significant changes in TG such as increased inflammatory cell infiltration and nerve cell swelling. Injection of GF109203X effectively reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and the expression of TRPV1 in the TG of rats , and the mechanical pain threshold of the rats increased (P < 0. 05) . Under the light microscope , cell swelling and inflammatory cells in the TG were reduced. Conclusion PKC/TRPV1 pathway may be involved in trigeminal neuralgia in rats.

Objective : To study the role of Toll⁃like receptor 7 (TLR7) in trigeminal nerve pain in SD rats , and to explore the mechanism of TLR7 mediating related inflammatory factors through the activation of NF⁃κB pathway during the process of pain. Methods : The rat model of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) was established by infraorbital nerve constriction injury(ION⁃CCI) . The expression of TLR7 in trigeminal ganglion (TG) was detected by qRT⁃PCR and Western blot. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) , an inhibitor of TLR7 , was given to ION⁃CCI rats by intragastric administration. The expression of TLR7 and its downstream signal pathway NF⁃κB subunit p65 , p ⁃p65 and inflammatory factors (TNF⁃α , IL⁃1β) in TG were detected. Results : After trigeminal nerve injury induced by ligation of infraorbital nerve , the expression of TLR7 in TG of rats significantly increased. After administration of TLR7 inhibitor, the expression of TLR7 , TNF⁃α and IL⁃1β in TG decreased , the translocation and phosphorylation of p65 nucleus decreased , the activation of NF⁃κB signal pathway was inhibited , and the mechanical pain induced by ION⁃CCI was relieved in male SD rats. Conclusion TLR7 in TG regulates neuropathic pain by activating NF⁃κB signal pathway in primary sensory neurons and mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF⁃α and IL⁃1β .