Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.

Aim To study the effects of a novel psychoactive drug,modafinil,on the GABAA receptor-induced current in rat hippocampus pyramidal neurons.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were applied in cultured hippocampus pyramidal neurons.Results The GABA-activated currents were blocked by bicuculline,a competitive antagonist of GABAA receptor.Modafinil could partly inhibit IGABA.Pre-treating hippocampus neurons with glibenclamide for 30 min,modafinil-induced inhibition on IGABA was removed.Conclusion Modafinil is different from other psychostimulants.The protection of modafinil may be via modulating ATP sensitive potassium channel activation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Chinese herbs for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with syndrome of blood stasis and qi deficiency. METHODS: Diabetic rats with back full-thickness skin lesion and syndrome of blood stasis and qi deficiency were divided in to five groups: untreated group, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-treated group, Yiqi Huayu Recipe (a recipe for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation)-treated group, Yiqi Recipe (a recipe for replenishing qi)-treated group and Huayu Recipe (a recipe for resolving stagnation)-treated group, and another eight normal rats served as normal control group. Immunohistochemical method and image analysis were used to test the expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with diabetes. RESULTS: In the untreated group, the expression of HIF-1alpha was significantly increased and the expression of VEGF was significantly decreased as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.01). The expression of HIF-1alpha was obviously lower (P<0.01) and the expression of VEGF was significantly higher in the four drug treated groups as compared with those in the untreated group. In the Yiqi Huayu Recipe-treated group, the expression of HIF-1alpha was obviously lower than those in the bFGF-treated, Yiqi Recipe-treated and Huayu Recipe-treated groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF was significantly higher than that in the bFGF-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbs for replenishing qi and resolving stagnation can promote the wound healing in rats through reducing the expression of HIF-1alpha, accelerating the expression of VEGF in granulation tissue of skin ulcers in rats with diabetes and ameliorating the status of ischemia and hypoxia.

Despite decades of research,cancer continues to be a major global health concern.The human mouth appears to be a multiplicity of local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes.Nowadays,the role of oral microbes in the development and progression of cancer has received increasing scrutiny.At the same time,bioengineering technology and nanotechnology is growing rapidly,in which the physiological activities of natural bacteria are modified to improve the therapeutic efficiency of cancers.These engineered bacteria were transformed to achieve directed genetic reprogramming,selective functional reorganization and precise control.In contrast to endotoxins produced by typical genetically modified bacteria,oral flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics.To outline the current cognitions upon oral microbes,engineered microbes and human cancers,related literatures were searched and reviewed based on the PubMed database.We focused on a number of oral microbes and related mechanisms associated with the tumor microenvironment,which involve in cancer occurrence and development.Whether engineering oral bacteria can be a possible application of cancer therapy is worth consideration.A deeper understanding of the relationship between engineered oral bacteria and cancer therapy may enhance our knowledge of tumor pathogenesis thus providing new insights and strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.

In 2016, the median of 24-hour urinary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and sodium intake per capita of residents in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province were 161.7 ( IQR:120.5, 218.9) mmol/d, 3.4 ( IQR: 2.4, 5.0) and 9.5 ( IQR:7.1, 12.8) g/d, all were lower than that of 2011[193.3( IQR:149.2,243.3)mmol/d, 4.5( IQR:3.3,5.9), 11.3( IQR:8.7, 14.2)g/d] ( P<0.05); the median of 24-hour urinary potassium was 47.2 ( IQR:34.4, 66.5) mmol/d, higher than that of 2011[42.9( IQR:33.6,56.0)] ( P<0.05); the proportion of salt intake per capita per day exceeding 5 g (89.9%) was lower than that in 2011 (90.0%). The results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the 24-hour urinary sodium was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure [β values were 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05), respectively], and the sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure [β(95% CI): 0.78 (0.09, 1.47)].

In 2016, the median of 24-hour urinary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and sodium intake per capita of residents in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province were 161.7 ( IQR:120.5, 218.9) mmol/d, 3.4 ( IQR: 2.4, 5.0) and 9.5 ( IQR:7.1, 12.8) g/d, all were lower than that of 2011[193.3( IQR:149.2,243.3)mmol/d, 4.5( IQR:3.3,5.9), 11.3( IQR:8.7, 14.2)g/d] ( P<0.05); the median of 24-hour urinary potassium was 47.2 ( IQR:34.4, 66.5) mmol/d, higher than that of 2011[42.9( IQR:33.6,56.0)] ( P<0.05); the proportion of salt intake per capita per day exceeding 5 g (89.9%) was lower than that in 2011 (90.0%). The results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the 24-hour urinary sodium was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure [β values were 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05), respectively], and the sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure [β(95% CI): 0.78 (0.09, 1.47)].

Objective:To compare the effects of treatment with Hybrid-Hyrax-Facemask(FM)versus miniscrews in the anterior pal-ate combined with Hybrid-Hyrax-Facemask(MSI/FM)for patients with early Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary deficiency.Methods:18 patients aged with early Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary deficiency were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=9)and treated with FM and MSI/FM respectively.Alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction(Alt-RAMEC)protocol combined with a maxillary protraction force of 3.92 N was applied on each side of all patients from elastics connected to the facemask in a down-ward and forward direction of 30° to the occlusal plane.Iortho cephalometric software was used to analyze the data of lateral cephalo-grams of the patients before(T0)and after(T1)treatment.Results:Improvement was verified in the facial profile and occlusion of all patients.In MSI/FM group the average treatment time was shorter.There were significant differences(P＜0.05)between T0 and T1 in the following measurements in FM group:SNA,ANB,Co-A,Co-Gn,Wits,S-Go,Na-Me,MP,U1-SN,UADH,LADH,Overjet,UL-EP increased,U1-L1 decreased.There were significant differences(P＜0.05)between T0 and T1 in the following measurements in the MSI/FM group:SNA,ANB,Co-A,Wits,Na-Me,MP,Y-axis,U1-SN,Overjet,UL-EP increased,SNB,Co-Gn-Co-A,S-Go/N-Me,U1-L1,L1-MP decreased.Conclusion:Both FM and MSI/FM combined with Alt-RAMEC protocol and a maxillary protraction force are effective in the treatment for Class Ⅲ patients with maxillary deficiency.MSI/FM may produce more significant bone effect and re-duce dental compensation,promote more forward growth of midface and more improvement in the growth direction of mandible and re-duce compensatory lip inclination of anterior teeth in shorter treatment time.

Objective:To understand the infection status of key human parasites in Yantai City, Shandong Province, and to provide scientific basis for establishing strategy for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:According to the "National Investigation Plan of Human Parasitic Infection Status" and implementation rules, stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 39 survey sites in 10 counties (cities, districts) of Yantai City from 2015 to 2019. The respondents were residents in each survey site, with no less than 200 people in each survey site. The modified garten thick smear method (one fecal two test) and the direct smear method were respectively used to detect the eggs of intestinal worms and the trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa. Besides, the transparent adhesive paper anal swab was used to detect pinworms in children aged 3 - 9 years. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Comparison between infection rates was analyzed by χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability test with 0.05 of test level. Results:A total of 8 507 people were investigated from 2015 to 2019. The total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 1.75% (149/8 507), and no protozoa was detected. A total of 4 species of intestinal worms were detected, including 1.41% (120/8 507) of whipworm, 0.16% (14/8 507) of ascaris, 0.14% (12/8 507) of pinworm and 0.07% (6/8 507) of hookworm. Among 149 cases of worm infection, 3 cases were ascaris and whipworm mixed infection, accounting for 2.01%. The infection rate of pinworm was 1.90% (11/578) in 578 children aged 3 - 9 years detected by transparent adhesive paper anal swab. From 2015 to 2019, the incidence of intestinal parasites infection first increased and then decreased, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 469.38, P < 0.05). The infection rates of male and female were 1.72% (70/4 071) and 1.78% (79/4 436), respectively, with no significant difference between them (χ 2 = 0.05, P > 0.05). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate in different age groups (χ 2 = 23.34, P < 0.05). The infection rate of intestinal parasites in ≥80 years old group was the highest with 2.84% (8/282). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate among different professionals (χ 2 = 41.71, P < 0.05). Intestinal parasites infection rate of farmers was the highest with 2.58% (113/4 388). There was a significant difference of intestinal parasites infection rate among people with different cultural degree(χ 2 = 51.91, P < 0.05). Infection rate of illiterate people was the highest with 4.98% (16/321). Parasitic infection was detected in 10 counties (cities, districts), except Laishan District. The highest infection rate was Haiyang City (10.18%, 102/1 002), and the results of other counties (cities, districts) were lower than 1.20%. There was significant difference in infection rate in different regions (χ 2 = 433.87, P < 0.05). The infection rate in urban area was 0.51% (22/4 281), and the infection rate in rural area was 3.01% (127/4 226). The difference between urban and rural areas was statistically significant (χ 2 = 76.70, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The infection rate of intestinal parasites has been reduced to a lower level in rural area of Yantai City, and farmers are the key prevention and control population of intestinal parasites infection, so attention should be paid to strengthen the publicity of parasitic disease prevention and control.

BACKGROUND: Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) has been employed successfully as a synthetic graft material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) for placing dental implants. However, the lack of osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of this substitute invariably results in bone regeneration of low quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loading dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) onto β-TCP promoted bone regeneration and osteointegration of dental implants in MSFA of dogs. METHODS: BMSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector overexpressing the DMP1 gene (Lenti-DMP1) and with a lentiviral vector overexpressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lenti-EGFP) in vitro and were loaded into β-TCP scaffolds for autologous sinus grafting. Beagles received bilateral MSFA with four biomaterials (① Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ② Lenti-EGFP-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ③ BMSCs/β-TCP, ④ β-TCP) and simultaneous implant placement at each sinus. Twelve weeks post operation, the maxillae were explanted, and every sinus was evaluated by radiographic observation, micro-CT and histological analysis. The osteogenic outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration were compared between the four groups. RESULTS: The sinuses grafted with Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP constructs presented a significantly higher increase in compact radiopaque area, higher local bone mineral densities, greater bone-implant contact and greater bone density when compared to other three groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that combinations of β-TCP and DMP1 gene-modified BMSCs could be used to construct tissue-engineered bone to enhance mineralization of the regenerated bone and osseointegration of dental implants in MSFA.

BACKGROUND: Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) has been employed successfully as a synthetic graft material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) for placing dental implants. However, the lack of osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of this substitute invariably results in bone regeneration of low quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loading dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) onto β-TCP promoted bone regeneration and osteointegration of dental implants in MSFA of dogs. METHODS: BMSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector overexpressing the DMP1 gene (Lenti-DMP1) and with a lentiviral vector overexpressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lenti-EGFP) in vitro and were loaded into β-TCP scaffolds for autologous sinus grafting. Beagles received bilateral MSFA with four biomaterials (① Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ② Lenti-EGFP-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP, ③ BMSCs/β-TCP, ④ β-TCP) and simultaneous implant placement at each sinus. Twelve weeks post operation, the maxillae were explanted, and every sinus was evaluated by radiographic observation, micro-CT and histological analysis. The osteogenic outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration were compared between the four groups. RESULTS: The sinuses grafted with Lenti-DMP1-transduced BMSCs/β-TCP constructs presented a significantly higher increase in compact radiopaque area, higher local bone mineral densities, greater bone-implant contact and greater bone density when compared to other three groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that combinations of β-TCP and DMP1 gene-modified BMSCs could be used to construct tissue-engineered bone to enhance mineralization of the regenerated bone and osseointegration of dental implants in MSFA.