Background Lensectomy with anterior capsule preserving is still advisable under specific conditions during vitrectomy.Although lens epithelial cells were polished off during surgery,opacification in varying degrees could be observed.Understanding the composition of proliferative anterior capsule membrane is of an important clinical significance for the prevention and manegement.Objective This study was to investigate the management and pathology of the pupillary area membranous opacity underling preserved anterior capsule after lensectomy in diabetic eyes with silicone oil tamponade.Methods Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and cataract received vitrectomy combined with lensectomy preserved anterior capsule in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January to December 2013,and the proliferative anterior capsular membrane specimens with the opacification grade C or D were obtained.The fibrotic membrane underlying anterior capsules were removed in order to make a clear optical area during the operation of silicone oil removal.The proliferative membrane at pupillary area was cut off by cutter probe for the eyes with the membrane attaching tightly or partial capsule laceration occurred.The available specimens were examined under the optical microscope and polarized microscope respectively after hemotoxylin and eosin staining,Van Gieson collagen staining,Masson collagen staining and Picrosirius staining.Results The proliferative fibrosis membranes were pilled to get a clear pupillary area in 15 eyes,with the successfully rate 65.2％ (15/23).In 14 eyes with degree C opacity,the proliferative fibrosis membranes were pilled in 9 eyes,with the successfully rate 64.3 ％ (9/14),and 5 eyes received anterior capsule cutthrough by cutter in pupillary area,with a diameter of 3-4 mm,and available specimens were obtained in 3 eyes.In 9 eyes with degree D opacity,the proliferative membranes were pilled in 6 eyes,with the successfully rate of 66.7％ (6/9),and 3 eyes underwent cut-through by cutter,and available specimens were obtained in 7 eyes.The best corrected visual acuity was obviously improved in 20 eyes and unchanged in 3 eyes after surgery.The histopathological examination showed fibroblasts,pigment particles and intracellular and extracellular vacuolus formation by hemotoxylin and eosin staining,fibril tissue with the pinke staining by Van Gieson,collage formation with green color by Masson staining in the specimens.Picrosirius staining plus polarization microscopy observation revealed that the collagen consisted of abundant type Ⅰ collagen with stronger reddish yellow color and small amount of type Ⅲ collagen with green color.Conclusions A combination of silicon oil removal with proliferative mambrane pelling is a available way to restore pupillary transparency in the eyes of PDR with cataract and silicone oil tamponade eyes.Proliferative residual lens epithelial cells,pigment epithelial cells and silicon oil granules are the main composition of opacity mambrane.The type Ⅰ collagen is dominant in proliferative collagen tissue.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into tobacco control. Methods: A total of 2 700 permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multistage random sampling method in three districts of Wuhan City in July, 2019. Residents' demographics, tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure and awareness of harmful effects of tobacco were collected using the core questionnaire of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting daily smoking were identified among residents at ages of 15 years and older using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 551 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.48%. The respondents included 1 272 men (49.86%) and 1 279 women (50.14%), and the proportion of daily smoking was 19.84% among the respondents, with a mean daily tobacco use of 16.6 cigarettes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men (OR=66.191, 95%CI: 25.344-172.873), ages of 45 to 64 years (OR=2.586, 95%CI: 1.158-5.775), farmers (OR =8.477, 95%CI: 1.126-63.786), secondhand smoke exposure at home (OR=9.395, 95%CI: 5.401-16.340), secondhand smoke exposure in workplaces (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.081-3.423) and no smoking at home (OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.277-0.763) as factors affecting daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Conclusions There is a high likelihood of daily smoking among men, the middle-aged and elderly, farmers and individuals with exposure to secondhand smoke in workplaces at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Health education pertaining to tobacco control requires to be reinforced among high-risk populations, and creation of a tobacco-free home is recommended in public places and workplaces based on the complete smoking ban.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Galectin-7 in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children and its effect on the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells.Methods:Bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children and children with bronchial dilation were collected and the expression of Galectin-7 was detected by Western blot.Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in vitro,the cells were transfected with Galectin-7 siRNA to interfere the Galectin-7 expression,while siRNA control was transfected as the control group.The experiment was divided into normal group,control group,infected group and experimental group.The normal group was normal human bronchial epithelial cells,the cells in the control group was transfected with siRNA control,the infected group was infected with RSV,the experimental group was transfected with Galectin-7 siRNA and infected with RSV.After 24h culture,Galectin-7 protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected in the cells of each group.Western blot was used to detected the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,STAT3 and p-STAT3.Results:The expression of Galectin-7 in bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children was significantly higher than that of the non asthmatic children (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the Galectin-7 level between the normal group and the control group (P＞0.05).The levels of Galectin-7,Bax and apoptosis in the infected group were significantly higher than those in the normal group,while the levels ofp-STAT3 and Bcl-2 were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P＜0.01).The levels of Galectin-7,Bax and apoptosis in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the infected group,while the levels of p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 were significantly higher than those in the infected group (P＜0.01).Conelusions:The expression of Galectin-7 was up-regulated in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatic children,which might promote the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells by activating STAT3.

Objective: To investigate the use of e-cigarette and analyze its influencing factors among high school students in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into developing control measures for adolescents. Methods: From September to November 2019, high school students in Wuhan City were selected by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, and basic information, e-cigarette use and second-hand smoke exposure were collected through questionnaire surveys. Proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed, and factors affecting the current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 5 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 5 602 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.28%. The respondents included 2 925 males (52.21%) and 2 677 females (47.79%); 4 033 high school students (71.99%) and 1 569 vocational high school students (28.01%). The proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 9.23%, and the proportion of current e-cigarette use was 2.03%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified male (OR=2.112, 95%CI: 1.285-3.471), vocational high school (OR=1.967, 95%CI: 1.214-3.186), private high school (OR=9.684, 95%CI: 5.648-16.605), family second-hand smoke exposure (OR=3.064, 95%CI: 1.741-5.392), second-hand smoke exposure in public places (OR=4.402, 95%CI: 1.687-11.484) and having close friends who were smokers (OR=6.432, 95%CI: 3.219-12.852) as factors affecting current e-cigarette use among high school students. Conclusions The proportion of current e-cigarette use among high school students in Wuhan City was 2.03%. Male, vocational high school, private high school, second-hand smoke exposure and having close friends who were smokers may be promoting factors for e-cigarette use.

Objective: To understand the level of health behaviors related to prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19 among primary school students in Wuhan during the epidemic, and to provide a basis for further targeted health education and promotion. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used to select 12 primary schools in Wuhan. Relying on the "questionnaire star", the head teacher of the selected school sent the questionnaire link to students through the QQ or WeChat group, and all students participated in the survey voluntarily. Results: A total of 8 569 valid questionnaires were collected. The rate of prevention and control of COVID-19 among primary school students in Wuhan was 39.3%. Among them, wearing masks, hand hygiene and other healthy behavior accounted for 53.4%, 42.0% and 75.2%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that girl, grade 3-4 and 5-6, higher maternal education (>graduate degree) were more likely to have overall health behaviors in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and the OR values were 1.13(95%CI=1.04-1.24), 1.18(95%CI=1.06-1.31) 1.58(95%CI=1.41-1.75) and 1.62(95%CI=1.00-2.62)(P<0.05), respectively. Compared with fathers whose occupations were state agencies, managers of enterprises and institutions, students whose fathers’ occupations were professional technicians and ordinary employees were less likely to have level of overall health behaviors in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and the OR values were 0.78(95%CI=0.61-0.99) and 0.72(95%CI=0.58-0.90)(P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion The level of health behaviors of primary school children in Wuhan against COVID-19 was not high and targeted health education and promotion should be provided.

Rare sugar is a kind of important low-energy monosaccharide that is rarely found in nature and difficult to synthesize chemically. D-allose, a six-carbon aldose, is an important rare sugar with unique physiological functions. It is radical scavenging active and can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. To obtain D-allose, the microorganisms deriving D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPE) and L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) have drawn intense attention. In this paper, DPE from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis, and L-RhI from Bacillus subtilis 168 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The obtained crude DPE and L-RhI were then purified through a HisTrap HP affinity chromatography column and an anion-exchange chromatography column. The purified DPE and L-RhI were employed for the production of rare sugars at last, in which DPE catalyzed D-fructose into D-psicose while L-RhI converted D-psicose into D-allose. The conversion of D-fructose into D-psicose by DPE was 27.34%, and the conversion of D-psicose into D-allose was 34.64%.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases ; metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis ; enzymology ; Carbohydrate Epimerases ; metabolism ; Clostridium cellulolyticum ; enzymology ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Fructose ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism

Objective To observe the risk factors of recurrence after ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for treating uremia secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods Totally 59 patients with uremia SHPT who underwent ultrasound-guided thermal ablation were enrolled,including 23 cases with(relapse group)and 36 without SHPT recurrence(non relapsed group).Clinical data were compared between groups,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to screen independent risk factors of SHPT recurrence.Results There were significant differences of serum free thyroxine(FT4),urea,intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)1 day after ablation,1 day decrease rate of iPTH,the maximum diameter of the largest nodule,ablation time,total ablation energy,energy to volume ratio and the proportion of 1 day decrease rate of iPTH≤90%between groups(all P＜0.05).Higher urea,lower energy to volume ratio and 1 day decrease rate of iPTH≤90%were all independent risk factors of SHPT recurrence(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Higher urea,lower energy to volume ratio and 1 day decrease rate of iPTH≤90%were independent risk factors of recurrence after ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for treating uremia SHPT.

Objective To study the effect and potential mechanism of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on renal fibrosis in mice with chronic kidney disease.Methods Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into sham group,model group,low-,and high-dose Chaihuang Yishen Granules groups(3.835 g·kg-1 and 7.67 g·kg-1),positive control group and Mincle ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate(TDB 10 mg·kg-1)group.Unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)was used to establish the model of renal fibrosis in mice.One hour after operation,mice in each drug-treated group were given corresponding drugs by gavage,and sham operation group and model group were given saline by gavage,once a day for 7 consecutive days.The pathological changes and fibrosis in the kidneys of mice in all groups were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining and Sirius red staining.The expressions and secretions of inflammatory factor IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in kidneys of all groups were detected by Real-time PCR and ELISA.Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot were used to detect fibrosis indicators,including α-SMA and Fn protein levels.Immunofluorescence and Western Blot were further used to determine protein levels of Mincle and its downstream signal Syk/NF-κB.The proportion of Mincle positive macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the model group,low-and high-dose Chaihuang Yishen Granules can effectively improve UUO-induced renal injury and fibrosis,and inhibit α-SMA and Fn protein levels in the kidney(P＜0.01).Moreover,high-dose Chaihuang Yishen Granules can effectively reduce the expressions and secretions of inflammatory factor IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of kidney in UUO model(P＜0.01),as well as inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB(P＜0.01).The mechanism study showed that Chaihuang Yishen Granules could significantly reduce the protein level of Mincle and the activity of its downstream signal Syk in the kidney of UUO mice(P＜0.01).After TDB was used to activate Mincle,the effect of Chaihuang Yishen Granules on improving renal injury,inflammatory factor secretion and fibrosis was significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Chaihuang Yishen Granules can improve UUO-induced renal injury,inflammation and fibrosis,and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Fragile X syndrome(FXS)is caused by abnormal duplication and amplification of the FMR1 gene CGG.This article reports a pair of brothers diagnosed with FXS by genetic testing.Two patients,aged 15 and 14 years old respectively,both had clinical manifestations such as language disorders,intellectual disabilities,attention deficit disorder,autism spectrum disorder,and FXS's characteristic facial features.The proband had a rare late-onset epileptic seizure,which was well treated with levetiracetam,while his younger brother had no electroencephalogram abnormalities after repeated follow-up.This pair of cases suggests that the clinical phenotype of FXS has diversity and heterogeneity.