Objective To investigate expression of 14-3-3 sigma gene in patients with breast cancer and its clinical significance.Methods Expression of 14-3-3 sigma gene was semi-quantitated by using RT-PCR and western-blot in 40 specimens of breast cancer and 18 specimens benign breast disease tissue.Results Of 40 cases of breast cancer 35(87.5%)were negative for 14-3-3 sigma gene in RT-PCR,32(80%)were negative in Western-blot,and 31(77.5%)were negative in both RT-PCR and western-blot.Besides,the expression in 2 cases was down-regulation in both the 2 method.In 18 specimens with benign breast disease tissue the expression of 14-3-3 sigma gene was detectable,which was demonstrated by RT-PCR or western-blot.Conclusion Inactivation and down-regulation of 14-3-3 sigma gene is a frequent event in breast cancer,and it may contribute to diagnosis of breast cancer.

The cultivation of clinical skills is essential for graduate education in modern ophthalmology. In order to improve the quality of graduate education and cultivate qualified ophthalmologist, postgraduates should be trained of specific purpose, coordinate the relationship between project research and clinical work, a complete clinical training system and quality control system should be established and the construction of the tutor team should also be strengthened.

Objective To compare the different influences on the cornea endothelial cell of surgery methods between human cataract extraction and phacoemulsification.Methods 25 cataract patients(36 eyes) aged 55 to 84 undergoing extra capsula extraction and phacoemulsification combined with implanation ocular lens were analyzed in rate of endothelial cell and density within 2 weeks preoperatively and postoperatively.Results The rates reduced in varying degrees.Conclusions Understanding cornea endothelial cell before operation is clinically significant for evaluating cornea edema after surgery and taking essential measures.

Objective To observe the free radical scavenging action of volatile oil from Piper longum L.growing in Hainan Province and to explore the relationship of the action with molecular structure.Methods 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) method was used to determine the scavenging action.The components of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and their molecular structures were identified by databank.Results(1)The volatile oil from Piper longum L.had scavenging actions on free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner.(2)Forty one compounds were found in volatile oil from Piper longum L.growing in Hainan Province,in which the amount of carbon-carbon double bond(C=C) was in predomination.Conclusion Carbon-carbon double bond(C=C)is the essential functional group for free radical scavenging action of volatile oil from Piper longum L.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features of IgA nephrolpathy associated with malignant hypertension (IgAN-MHT) and to analyze their correlation with renal vascular lesions. Methods Twenty-nine patients of IgAN-MHT were screened from 2000 biopsy-proven eases with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in our department from April 1997 to May 2007. Data of clinicopathology and follow-up of these 29 patients were collected. Semi- quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the pathological changes. Inner lumen, outer lumen, intimal thickness, tunica media-to-internal lumen ratio of 436 arterioles, 124 interlobular arteries and 5 arcuate arteries were measured. The primary endpeint was the composite of a doubling of serum creatinine level and ESRD. Correlations of renal vascular lesions with clinical manifestation, pathological change and prognosis were examined by Spearman and Cox methods. Results 1.5% of all the IgAN patients presented malignant hypertension. The common clinical features were renal failure (100%), hyperurieacidemia (62.7%) and hypertriglyceridemia (51.7%). The average amount of urine protein excretion was 2.8 g/d. The common pathological changes were moderate mesangial proliferation, severe global sclerosis, severe interstitial inflammation and severe interstitial- tubular fibrosis. The small arteries (arcuate arteries and interlobular arteries) and arterioles (afferent arterioles) were both involved in IgAN-MHT. The characteristic lesions of intrarenal arteries included vascular occlusion, media thickening, proliferative endarteritis (onionskin lesion, musculomucoid intimal hyperplasia), hyaline arteriosclerosis, but mainly vascular occlusion (86.2%). The arteriole lesion was negatively correlated with age and total protein level; vascular occlusion was positively correlated with uric acid level. The average foUow-up period was 21.1 months. Forteen patients reached the endpoint. The arteriole lesion was the main independent risk factor for the progression of IgAN-MHT (RR=10.21, 95%CI=1.16～89.67). Conclusions The main clinical feature of IgAN-MHT is renal failure. The main histological feature of intrarenal vascular lesions is occludes arterioles. Arteriole lesion is the main independent risk factor for the progression of IgAN-MHT.

BACKGROUNDIn China, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly. Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years. We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012, in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China.

METHODSAccording to the "Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy" (WHO, 1995), pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified, detection rate of each pathological type was summarized (i.e., percentage of total renal biopsy cases), study period was divided at an interval of 5 years, and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed.

RESULTSThe proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows: primary glomerulonephritis (PGN, 70.7%), secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN, 20.7%), tubular-interstitial nephropathy (4.0%), hereditary/rare nephropathy (0.3%), end-stage renal disease (0.9%), and unclassified renal disease (3.3%). Among PGN, there was IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 37.0%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 11.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 8.9%), minimal change disease (MCD, 6.6%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3.9%). Among SGN there was lupus nephritis (LN, 5.5%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (5.3%), hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis (HBVAN, 3.03%), diabetic nephropathy (2.2%), and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage (1.9%). Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 (after age adjustment). Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise (P < 0.001). Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly (P < 0.001), but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly (P < 0.001). Among SGN, detection rate of HBVAN tended to drop (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn China, PGN was the most common glomerulopathy (mostly IgAN), LN was the most common SGN, and detection rate of MN and MCD rose significantly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult