ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inlay buccal mucosa graft with tubularized incised urethral plates (TIP) urethroplasty for hypospadias repair. MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2010,a total of 343 cases of hypospadias underwent a buccal mucosa graft with TIP urethroplasty.The patients aged from 6 months to 61 years,mean 7 years.One hundred and forty-seven were primary surgery cases,and 196 cases had a history of failed surgery.In primary cases,124 were distal type and 23 were proximal type.There were 137 distal type cases and 59 proximal types in failed case group.A buccal mucosa graft was harvested from lower lip,fixed into the incised urethral plates in primary cases.In re-do cases,open urethral and remove scar tissue were necessary. ResultsThe width of the buccal mucosa ranged 0.5 - 2.5 cm,length ranged 1.0 - 8.5 cm.All the patients were followed up for 6 - 36 months,average 16 months.In primary group,fistula occurred in 14 cases (9.5％ ),and urethral stricture in 2 cases (1.4％),in which 1 proximal case occurred both with urethral stricture and fistula; the overall success rate was 89.8％.In re-do group,fistula occurred in 32 cases ( 16.3％ ),and stricture in 13 cases (6.6％),in which 1 distal and 5 proximal cases occurred with both urethral stricture and fistula; the overall success rate was 80.1％. ConclusionsInlay buccal mucosal graft with TIP technique is an effective instrumentality for hypospadias repair because of its high successful rate,good cosmetic effect and without affecting on oral appearance and function in donor site.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of diet-induced obesity on the developmental process of testes in pubertal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and explore the possible reversibility. MethodsSixty one-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group ( n =10) and a model group ( n =50 ), which were fed on a normal diet and a high-fat diet, respectively. After 8 weeks, all the rats in the control group and 10 rats randomly picked out from the model group were killed. The serum testosterone and estradiol levels were measured by enzymelinked inununosorbent assay. Their left testes sections were stained by HE method, and the histology was observed under optical microscope and the spermatogenic activity was evaluated by Johnsen scoring system. The remaining 40 rats in the model group were further randomly divided into 3 subgroups: continued high-fat diet subgroup ( n =13), resume normal diet subgroup (n =13), and weight-loss subgroup (n =14). The continued high-fat diet subgroup was fed by high-fat diet, while the other two subgroups were fed by normal diet. Rats in weight-loss group took normal diet with running 20 min/d. After 6 weeks, the same parameters were assessed using the same methods. ResultsAfter 8 weeks, compared with the control group, the testosterone level of the model group significantly decreased (P =0.024) and the estradiol level significantly increased ( P =0. 017). The result of HE staining showed that the spermatogenic cell layers decreased, with part of seminiferous tubule experiencing atrophy.The number of Leydig cell also decreased and lipo vacuole was seen in the interstitial tissue of testis. The Johnsen score of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P =0.000). The testosterone level was significantly lower in the continued high-fat diet subgroup than that in resume normal diet subgroup ( P =0.001 ) and weight-loss subgroup ( P =0.000), and was significantly lower in resume normal diet subgroup than that in weight-loss subgroup ( P =0.001 ). The estradiol level was significantly higher in continued high-fat diet subgroup than that in resume normal diet subgroup ( P =0.001 ) and weight-loss group ( P =0.000 ), and was significantly higher in resume normal diet subgroup than that in weight-loss group ( P =0.001 ). HE staining showed that, pathological changes aggravating and worsening compared with the control group, the model group had significantly decreased seminiferous tubule cell layers, with some seminiferous tubules experiencing atrophy.The Johnsen score was significantly higher in weight-loss subgroup than that in the other two subgroups ( P =0.000and 0.001, respectively). The Johnsen score was negatively correlated with body weight ( r =- 0.962, P =0.000), and positively correhted with the serum testosterone level ( r =0.916, P =0.000 ). Conclusions High-fat diet can induce pubertal obesity in male SD rats, which is featured by testicular hypoplasia, decreased spermatogenesis, and endocrine dysfunction. Physical exercise may improve the conditions. The degree of obesity may be negatively correlated with the spermatogenic function.

Ureteral artery fistula (UAF) is a rare complication after long-term indwelling of ureteral stent. In this study, two cases were presented. Both of them underwent pelvic tumor surgery and radiotherapy, and had a history of cutaneous terminal ureterostomy and long-term indwelling of ureteral stents. The first case, a 52-year-old female, was admitted to hospital because of intermittent bleeding from ureteral dermostomy for 1 week on April 2, 2020. CT examination revealed hematocele in the left upper urinary tract, and left nephrectomy was performed.However, bleeding still presented and the distal ureteral resection was performed at the same time, and partial ureteral was ligated. Postoperative diagnostic was ureteral artery fistula. After 8 months of follow-up, no recurrent bleeding presented. Another case, a 82-year-old male, was admitted to hospital because of bleeding at the ureteral dermostomy for an hour on June 15, 2020. Contrast enhanced CT examination revealed intersecting of the left ureter and common iliac artery, and interventional surgery was performed, by which UAF was diagnosed. Embolization of left internal iliac artery and stent implantation of common iliac artery and external iliac artery were performed intraoperatively. The bleeding stopped immediately after the operation, and there was no further bleeding during follow-up of 6 months.