Objective To set up a neural network model and system to be applied in color selection of anterior porcelain prosthesis, and to improve its cosmetic effect. Methods The image was automatically captured by digtal camera, and pre processed. The values based on the three stimulation value were adopted for the colour selection and tooth colour matches from nine zone colors with 21 point smoothly transitional calculation. The three dimension view of the teeth was recovered. Tooth colors storage was set up and the characteristics for sample teeth and lost teeth were selected and retrieved to match the colour through artificial neural network automatically for personalized design of teeth colour. Results The method of anterior prosthesis for computerized color selection based on artificial neural network had a higher accuracy. By comparision, the satisfaction of patients, dentists and viewers was much higher than that without computer aided design, and patients' eveluation for the prosthesis was higher than that of dentists. Conclusion The design system for colour selection of the front tooth prosthesis has a great value in clinical application, and it has developed the theory of artificial neural network used in the field of stomatology.

AIM:Mesenchymal cells migrating towards fracture site and differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts is the key process during fracture healing. This article is aimed to observe the changes of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)-2 in the early stage of tibia fracture in osteoporotic rats so as to evaluate the reason of delayed fracture healing in osteoporotic rats. METHODS:The experiment was conducted at the Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education from August 2005 to October 2006. ①Sixty-four 6-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into ovariectomized(OVX) group and control group with 32 in each group. ②The rats in the OVX group underwent ovariectomy to establish type Ⅰ osteoporotic models. A small quantity of fat tissues was removed in the control group. Three months later,standardized tibia fracture was introduced. ③Eight rats were selected at days 7,14,21 and 28 after operation in the two groups. Some soft tissues around tibia and broken ends of fractured bone,bony callus,cortical bone and medullary canal were collected and treated with histological analysis,immunohistochemical staining,semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),respectively. RESULTS:①Histological analysis showed membrane bone formation and endochondral bone. A mass of chondrocytes appeared in bony callus of the OVX group at days 21 and 28 after operation. ②The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that mean absorbance(A) of BMP-2 was higher in the control group than the OVX group at days 7 and 14,but lower at day 21. ③The findings of RT-PCR revealed that BMP 2 level was higher in the control group than the OVX group at day 7,but lower at day 14. CONCLUSION:BMP-2 plays a key role in the early phase of bone callus formation during fracture healing. The declined and delayed expression of BMP-2 in osteoporotic rats may be an important reason for delayed fracture healing in osteoporotic rats.

Objective To observe whether hepatitis B vaccine enhance the treating effect of cyto-kine induced kill(CIK) cells on hepatitis B virus transgenic(HBV-Tg) mice. Methods The HBV-Tg mice were treated with CIK cells by peritoneal injection and hepatitis B vaccine by hypodermic injection. The HBV DNA level were tested by real-time PCR,T lymphocyte subgroup were detected by flow cytometry and the pathological diversify of hepatic tissue were observed by HE staining. Results The HBV DNA loading in peripheral blood of HBV-Tg mice decreased after CIK cells were treated and CD3~+ , CD4~+ and CD8~+ cells increased which were enhanced after CIK cells combined with hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion Hepa-titis B vaccine enhanced the treating effect of CIK on HBV-Tg mice which may be implemented by increased the blood level of CD3~+, CD4~+ and CD8~+ cells, especially CD8~+ cells level.

BACKGROUND:Many experiments and clinical studies have reported that venous blood, absorbable colagen sponge and rich fibrin clot, without the use of bone graft material, can al promote new bone formation; therefore, whether only transplanting concentrated growth factor in the maxilary sinus lift could effectively promote bone regeneration? OBJECTIVE: To conduct the maxilary sinus lift with concentrated growth factor as the graft material, and to observe the peri-implant bone level change. METHODS: Totaly 26 patients were involved, including 14 males and 12 females, aged 35-73 years. Maxilary sinus lift was conducted and autologous concentrated growth factor was taken as the graft material. Astra Tech implants were implanted simultaneously. Patients were divided into 6-12 months, 13-18 months and > 18 months groups according to the folow-up time. Patients were divided into≤ 5 mm, 5-7 mm, and≥ 7 mm groups according to the preoperative alveolar bone height. Patients were divided into≤ 2 mm, 2.0-3.0 mm, and≥3 mm groups according to the postoperative maxilary sinus lift height. The survival rate of implants and marginal bone level changes were observed during the folow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totaly 44 implants were implanted, of which 43 implants were considered as successful repair during the 6-18 months of postoperative folow-up. The survival rate of implants was 98%. There were no significant differences in the changes of mesial, distal and middle marginal bone levels between different folow-up time groups. The maxilary sinus lift with transplantation of concentrated growth factor resulted in a good osseointegration within 6-18 months post-operation. In addition, no significant differences were found in the changes of mesial, distal and middle marginal bone levels between different residual alveolar bone height groups, as wel as between different maxilary sinus lift height groups. It showed that the residual alveolar bone height and maxilary sinus lifting height had no significant effect on the peri-implant bone formation. Briefly, these findings demonstrate that the maxilary sinus lift with concentrated growth factor transplantation can result in a high survival rate of implants that are simultaneous implanted, and the alveolar bone around the implant is stable. But the long-term effect needs further observation.

BACKGROUND:Research on rough-surfaced implants has demonstrated similar survival rates for short and conventional-length implants. It is not clear whether ultrashort implant in limited alveolar bone of the posterior maxila can achieve good clinical results. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of ultrashort implants in limited alveolar bone of the posterior maxila. METHODS:Eighteen patients with 21 ultrashort implants in limited alveolar bone of posterior maxila (the mean residual alveolar height=3.19 mm) were included in the study, including 10 males and 8 females, aged 25-68 years. At 12 months after restoration, the patients were detected with cone-beam CT to evaluate the osseointegration and marginal bone level around the implant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 18 patients completed the 12-month folow-up, and the 21 pieces of implants had good osseointegration. No soft tissue inflammation was found. At 12 months after restoration, the marginal bone height in the mesial and distal was (-0.21±0.78) mm and (-0.16±0.55) mm, respectively. Implant marginal bone changes in the mesial and distal had no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Ultrashort implants in limited alveolar bone of the posterior maxila can have good osseointegration, maintain the marginal bone mass around the implant, but stil need long-term clinical observation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of vertebral manipulation (VM) therapy on vertebro-basilar artery (VBA) blood flow in patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CS-VAT) by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonic examination.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty patients with CS-VAT were randomized into the VM group (n = 100) and the acupuncture group (n = 50), and treated for ten times as one therapeutic course. Changes of the contraction peak, the end-diastolic and average blood flow velocity of VBA before and after treatment in the two groups were observed and compared by TCD.

RESULTSVp, Vd, Vm of LVA, RVA and BA in the two groups after treatment were all lowered, showing significant difference, excepting Vp of VBA in the acupuncture group, when compared with before treatment (P< 0.05 or P <0.01). Comparison between the two groups after treatment showed significant difference in Vp and Vm of LVA, Vp, Vd and Vm of RVA, Vp and Vm of VBA respectively (P<0.05, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONVM therapy in treating patients with CS-VAT shows therapeutic effect superior to VA therapy, which could significantly improve VBA blood flow.

Adult ; Aged ; Basilar Artery ; physiopathology ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; complications ; therapy ; Vertebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; etiology ; therapy

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of digital surgical guide in tilted implant in the maxillary posterior region. Methods : Jaw data from 14 patients were scanned using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and digital models were acquired by scanning maxillary plaster models. Implant software was employed to process jaw data and digital models in order to design the surgical template. Then the stereolithographic (SLA) surgical template was created to guide the surgery. After that CBCT data was collected again and compared with the data collected before. Deviations between the actual implant position and the planned implant position were analyzed. Results: Central deviation at the hex and apex between the actual implant and the planned implant was almost constant with a mean of (0.625 ± 0.183) mm and (0.820 ± 0.208) mm. Mean value of horizontal deviation at the hex was (0.314 ± 0.070) mm, horizontal deviation at the apex was (0.509 ± 0.139) mm, vertical deviation at the hex was (0.538 ± 0.178) mm, vertical deviation at the apex was (0.638 ± 0.178) mm. Conclusion Angled implantation in the maxillary posterior region can reduce risks and trauma as well as the difficulties and duration of surgery. However, our data suggested that significant deviations existed in the actual implant position and the planned implant position.

Objective:To report our experience of treating open comminuted limb fractures caused by gunshots using the Masquelet technique.Methods:Between January 2016 and July 2018, 3 patients were admitted to Institute of Orthopedics, 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Service of People's Liberation Army for open comminuted limb fractures caused by gunshots.They were all male, aged from 18 to 41 years (average, 30.7 years).Their fractures were complicated with perforating wounds and belonged to Gustilo type ⅢB for open fractures.The bone defects were 5 to 9 cm in length (average, 6.7 cm), located at the proximal femur in 2 cases and at the upper middle humerus in one.They were treated by standard Masquelet technique at 2 stages.The postoperative functions of the hip, knee and shoulder were evaluated according to the Harris hip score, Lowa knee score and Constant-Murley shoulder function score.Results:The 3 patients obtained an average follow-up of 17.3 months.The bone defects were all repaired in the 3 patients without any signs of infection.The 2 patients with femoral defects were rated as both excellent by the Harris hip score, as excellent in one and as good in the other by the Lowa knee score; the patient with humeral defects was rated as excellent by the Constant-Murley shoulder function score.Conclusion:Masquelet technique is a desirable treat-ment of segmental long bone defects caused by gunshots.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of rhubarb decoction （RD） retention enema on a rat model of minimal hepatic encephalopathy （MHE） and its mechanism of action based on bile acid （BA） metabolomics. MethodsA total of 55 male Sprague－Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group （NC group with 10 rats）， hepatic encephalopathy group （HE group with 15 rats）， MHE group with 15 rats， and MHE+rhubarb decoction treatment group （MHEY group with 15 rats）. Intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄） and thioacetamide （TAA） was performed to establish a rat model of MHE or HE， and the rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks of administration. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， total bilirubin （TBil）， and total bile acid （TBA） and the concentration of blood ammonia were measured； the colonic contents were collected to measure pH value； liver and brain tissue samples were collected， and HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the liver； the bile was collected， and liquid chromatography－mass spectrometry was used to perform BA－targeted metabolomics analysis. Continuous data were expressed as mean±standard deviation； a one－way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t－test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the NC group， the HE group and the MHE group had a significant increase in searching platform latency （after modelling and after administration） and a significant reduction in the number of platform crossings （all P<0.05）； compared with the MHE group， the MHEY group had a significant reduction in searching platform latency （after administration） and a significant increase in the number of platform crossings， and the HE group had a significant increase in searching platform latency and a significant reduction in the number of platform crossings （all P<0.05）. Compared with the NC group， the HE group and the MHE group had significant increases in AST， ALT， ALP， TBil， TBA， blood ammonia， and colon pH value （all P<0.05）； compared with the MHE group， the MHEY group had significant reductions in AST， ALT， ALP， TBil， TBA， blood ammonia， and colon pH value （all P<0.05）， and the HE group had significant increases in AST， ALT， ALP， TBil， TBA， blood ammonia， and colon pH value （all P<0.05）. The MHE group had significantly lower TBA， primary BA， and secondary BA than the NC group （all P<0.05）； compared with the MHE group， the HE group had significantly lower TBA and primary BA （all P<0.05）， and the MHEY group had significantly higher TBA and primary BA （all P<0.05）. Compared with the NC group， the MHE group had significant reductions in GCDCA， GUDCA， GHDCA， TCDCA， TUDCA， GLCA， and TLCA （all P<0.05） and significant increases in γ－MCA， THCA， 7－KDCA， AlloLCA， and α－MCA （all P<0.05）， and compared with the MHE group， the MHEY group had significant increases in THDCA， TMCA， TCDCA， TUDCA， and TLCA （all P<0.05）. ConclusionRD retention enema can improve liver injury and cognitive function in a rat model of MHE induced by CCl₄ and TAA by regulating the enterohepatic circulation of BA， possibly by increasing the synthesis of taurine－binding BA.