Objective To explore effects and mechanism of penhyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat.Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) adult male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SHAM group),myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury group(MIRI group) and penhyclidine hydrochloride treatment (PHC group),and 20 rats in every group.Compared left ventricular function of 3 groups after 24 h of ischemia reperfusion.Selected 10 rats of every group and compared the myocardial infarction size after ischemia reperfusion,and the less 10 rats' the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-αt) and nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB) in myocardial tissue were measured.Results After 24 h of ischemia reperfusion,there was no significant myocardial infarction size in SHAM group,while that in MIRI group were (39.4± 3.7)％,higher than that in PHC group (20.5 ± 2.3)％,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.01).The level of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) of rats in SHAM,MIRI and PHC groups were (0.138 ± 0.024),(0.457 ± 0.032) and (0.280 ± 0.027) ml respectively,left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV) were (1.012 ± 0.065),(1.395 ± 0.076) and (1.183 ± 0.102) ml respectively,and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were (85.6 ± 7.3) ％,(43.2 ± 4.5) ％ and (64.8 ± 5.1) ％ respectively,and there were statistically significant differences between groups (F =54.12,32.70,35.46,P ＜ 0.001).The level of TNF-αtand NF-kB in rats of SHAM,MIRI and PHC group were (5.4 s0.7),(34.2 ±2.9) and (21.6 ± 1.3) pg/mg respectively and (87.6 ± 7.3),(134.2 ± 9.6) and (116.3 ± 8.7) respectively,and there were statistically significant differences between groups (F =59.40,17.97,P ＜ 0.001).There were statistically significant differences between MIRI and SHAM groups,PHC and SHAM groups in terms of above factors (P ＜0.05).Conclusion PHC can decrease the inflammatory reaction and protect the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat.

Objective To investigate the changes of hair amino acids contents in patients with chronic kidney disease at stage 1-4 (CKD 1-4) and the intervention effect of Hushen No.Ⅱ, thus to provide modern medical evidences for the theory of kidney having its manifestations in hair. Methods One hundred cases of patients suffering from CKD 1-4 were recruited and were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 50 cases in each group. And twenty healthy volunteers were included in normal group. The treatment group and control group received conventional treatment, and the treatment group were additionally treated with Hushen No. Ⅱ orally, the treatment lasting 12 months. And then high performance liquid chromatography was used to test the changes of hair amino acids of the three groups before and after treatment. Results Compared with the normal group, 14 kinds of amino acids in the hair of the control group and the treatment group were significantly low ( P<0.05) before treatment. After treatment, 14 kinds of amino acids in the hair of the control group and the treatment group were significantly increased ( P<0.05) as compared with those before treatment, the increase of the treatment group being superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The abnormal change of 14 kinds of amino acids in the hair of patients with abnormal renal function may contribute to the modern medical material basis of the theory of kidney having its manifestations in hair.

Cancer has become the second largest life-threatening disease nowadays.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still important treatments for cancer.However, they tend to produce a lot of serious adverse effects including bone damage and bone marrow fat, etc.Based on recent research, the research progress on canonical Wnt pathway and its impact on stromal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes are reviewed.Radiochemotherapy-induced bone damage and bone marrow fat is closely related to canonical Wnt pathway.In experimental assay and clinical application, Wnt pathway antagonists, such as Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) are used to relieve bone damage.Wnt pathway is expected to become a potential target for the therapy of bone damage and bone marrow fat induced by raidochemotherapy.

In teaching forensic medicine as a common optional course for clinical medicine undergraduate students, we carried on the beneficial attempt in the overall set-up of teaching program, the effective implementation of the case-based and discussion-based teaching methods, the use of multimedia and internet classroom, plentiful of teaching models such as demonstration and practice, discussion forums between teachers and students etc. Through these efforts, we enhanced the teaching quality of the public elective course offorensic medicine.

AIM: Supercritical CO_2 extraction of Rhizoma Chuanxiong volatile oil was studied under conditions of extraction temperature between 33-48 ℃,pressure between 10-25 MPa and CO_2 flow rate between 2-4 L?min -1 .Influence of extraction conditions on solubility and mass transfer rate were analyzed. METHODS: Based on plug flow in fixed bed,experimental extraction curves were evaluated using a model put forward by Stastova.And the effects of extraction conditions on mass transfer coefficients were also analyzed. RESULTS: Coefficient of mass transfer was slowly increased as the extraction temperature elevated,and was in accord with flow and in contrast with pressure. CONCLUSION:The method has a practical use value in the extraction of Rhizoma Chuanxiong volatile oil.

Medication is still the main means for treating liver cirrhosis. However, micro-circulation obstacle in the liver and dynamic abnormality of portal vein flow suggest that liver protecting drugs via peripheral veins can hardly give full requirement for their effect. The authors reviewed a new method of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein implantation of port-catheter system for infusion of drugs in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, with theoretical basis and the outlook of application.

Objective To investigate the influence of anti-depression therapy on inflammatory cytokines and quality of life(QOL) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) complicating depression.Methods Ninety-four patients with ACS complicating depression(HAMD total score ≥8) were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group,47 cases in each group.The control group was given the conventional drug therapy,pantoprazole 40 mg /d,on this basis the treatment group was given sertraline 50 mg/d.The treatment course in the two groups was 6 months.The change of HAMD score,inflammatory cytokines,QOL and incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The HAMD score after 3-,6-month treatment in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of inflammatory cytokines after treatment in the two groups were all reduced,while the IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);the scores of all dimensions and total scores of SAQ after 6-month treatment in the treatment group were significantly improved,and the anginal attack situation,treatment satisfaction degree and total score were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).During 12-month follow-up,the incidence rate of major and minor cardiovascular events,alimentary tract hemorrhage events and total events had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The antidepressant therapy is safe and effective for treating ACS patients,can effectively improve the depression emotion,inhibits inflammatory reaction,relieves somatic symptoms,and improves QOL.

Objective　To investigate the operation treatment of gallbladder carcinoma(GBC). Methods The clinical data of 132 patients with GBC from 1980 to 1999 were analysed. Results　The mean age was 55 years and the occurrence sex ratio in female/male was 1.5∶1. Gallstone was found in 80% of the patients, and 87.1% of the GBC were adenocarcinoma. Before December 1990(forward group), simple cholecystectomy were performed on 11 cases, radical cholecystectomy on 9 cases, extended radical cholecystectomy on 5 cases, palliative extra- or intra- drainge on 15 cases, surgical biopsy on 30% cases. Hospital death occurred in 4 cases, the postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases including biliary fistula in 4 cases, pancreatic fistula in 2 cases. Since January 1991(latter group), radical simple cholecystectomy were performed on 2 cases, radical cholecystectomy on 16 cases, extended radical cholecystectomy on 24 cases; palliative extra- or intra- drainge in 9 cases, surgical biopsy on 8 cases. Hospital death occurred in 1 cases; postoperative complications in 12 cases, including biliary fistula in 1 cases, pancreatic fistula in 1 cases. Radical resection rate was 35.7% in forword group, 72.6% in latter group. Conclusions　Surgical tech-nique progress and application with Peng's Multifunctional Operative Dissector can improve the resection rate of GBC. Extended redical resection is an effective and active method to treat middle or late stage GBC.

1 1 patients with moderate or severe crowding in the anterior arch were treated with 4 premolar extraction.After canine distaliza-tion first approach,the teeth were aligned and leveled.The results of the study suggest that,with strict implementation of indication,this method may be a viable treatment for the moderate or severe crowding anterior.

Objective To investigate risk factors of nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,to seek quantitative indicators for early warning,and to evaluate the effects of intervention.Methods 24-h blood glucose of 1147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with well-controlled hyperglycemia were determined by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).Incidences of hypoglycemia were compared between groups with different 3 h postprandial blood glucose levels after supper.Results The rates of hypoglycemia,asymptomatic hypoglycemia,and nocturnal hypoglycemia were respectively 37.23％,22.75％,and 18.31％.Nocturnal hypoglycemia set in most frequently by 22:00-2:00 (RR =1.72,x2 =31.667,P＜0.01).The hypoglycemia incidence was reduced in intervention group than that in control group (9.67％ vs 16.76％,x2 =8.79,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Nocturnal hypoglycemia happens commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes.It usually sets in by 22:00-2:00.Appropriate intervention may prevent the hypoglycemic events.