Objective To develop an assessment indicator system of function for standardized patients in the objective structured clinical examination for nursing specialty,which provides the basis for the standardized training and assessment of standardized patients.Methods The Delphi method was used to determine this indicator system.Results After two rounds of the Delphi procedure,the assessment indicator system was drawn-up,which included 3 first-class indicators and 12 second-class indicators and 35 third-class indicators with weights.Conclusions The achievements of this study may provide reference for nursing educators to screen standardized patients strictly and improve the quality of standardized patients continuously,and also provide the basis for development of scale or instrument in the further.

Objective To explore the vascular endothelial function in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),and type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to study the role played by PPARγcoactivator 1 α (PGC-1 α) in diabetic macrovascular function.Methods A total of 94 subjects with NGT,87with IGT,and 306 with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited in the study.Carotid flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD),glyceryl trinitrate dilatation (GTN),and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed by highresolution B-mode color vascular Doppler instrument.Finally,correlation analysis was conducted.NO,Akt-Ser473phosphorylation levels,IL-β,and PGC-1 α mRNA expression levels were measured by means of nitrate reductase,western blot,and reverse transcriptase real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay methods in peripheral blood mononuclear cells respectively.Results FMD in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic group was significantly lower than that in NGT and IGT groups(P＜0.01).GTN and CIMT showed no difference.PGC-1 α mRNA transcription level in diabetic group was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic groups (P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that PGC-1 α was positively correlated with FMD and GTN (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis revealed that PGC-1 α was independently associated with FMD (P ＜ 0.01) after adjusting other influencing factors.Conclusion FMD is a more sensitive early warning indicator of endothelial function than CIMT and GTN.As indices of atherosclerosis,CIMT and GTN are more or less focused on the progression of macrovascular complications.PGC-1 α is a protective factor of macro-vasculature in diabetes mellitus,and its effect may be achieved through the protection of the vascular endothelium.