Transcription factor is one of the key factors in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. It plays an important role in plant growth, active components biosynthesis and response to environmental change. This paper summarized the structure and classification of bHLH transcription factors and elaborated the research progress of bHLH transcription factors which regulate the active components in plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. In addition, the possibility of increasing the concentration of active substances by bHLH in medicinal plants was assessed. The paper emphasized great significance of model plants and multidisciplinary research fields including modern genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, providing the contribution to improve the discovery and function characterization of bHLH transcription factors. Accelerating the research in the mechanism of bHLH transcription factors on the regulation of active components biosynthesis will promote the development of breeding and variety improvement of Chinese medicinal materials, also ease the pressure of resources exhaustion of traditional Chinese medicine home and abroad.

The medicinal fungi, which are of great importance in traditional medicine, are facing the problems of wild resources scarcity and low concentration of bioactive compounds. Velvet family and LaeA global regulator play a vital role in secondary metabolism and developmental programs, which are found in a wide variety of fungi ranging from Chytridiomycota to Basidiomycota. This review elaborates the structures and functions between Velvet family and LaeA protein. The Velvet family which shares the Velvet protein domain, including VeA (Velvet), VelB (Velvet like B), VosA (viability of spores A) and VelC (Velvet like C), acts on the regulation function is secondary metabolism and developmental programs such as asexual and sexual development. Furthermore, the function is affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature. LaeA protein which owns S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase domain, coordinately regulates development and secondary metabolism by regulating and modifying the Velvet proteins. The regulation of LaeA is mediated by light receptor proteins. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of Velvet and LaeA proteins in medicinal fungi will pave the way for nurturing medicinal fungi and improving production of bioactive compounds.

In previous studies, four endophytic fungi were isolated from different swollen roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. It's thought that Ceratobasidium sp. , one of the discovered endophytic fingi, was a major promoter for the growth of the roots. In this study, symbiotic experiments were performed to measure the effects of different endophytic fingi cultivated with R. glutinosa. The results showed that the R. glutinosa had significant increases in the size of roots and amount of chlorophyll cultivated with Ceratobasidium sp. And it was tested that indoleacetic acid secreted by Ceratobasidium sp. maybe the effective factor for the promotion of the growth.
Fungi ; metabolism ; physiology ; Indoleacetic Acids ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Rehmannia ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Symbiosis ; physiology

Major infectious disease epidemic continues to pose a threat to human health and society, and the effective establishment and implementation of an early warning system plays a key role in addressing public health security risks. At present, the research on early warning of infectious diseases in the academic community mainly focuses on early warning information system, early warning mechanism, laws and regulations of early warning of infectious diseases, and some studies lack specific suggestions on operation methods. By collating and summarizing the literature from 2002 to 2022, regarding the early warning system and mechanism of major infectious diseases, this paper focused on analyzing the public health ethical dilemmas existing in the early warning process and discussing how to strengthen the construction of the early warning system of infectious diseases, so as to lay the foundation for creating more scientific early warning schemes of infectious diseases.

The use of digital means has made the public health emergency management more efficient and convenient. However, in the practice of managing public health emergencies, there are dilemmas in the protection of personal health information, such as the imperfect legal system, the weakened right of informed consent and control, the lack of reasonable norms in the collection and use of information, and the disclosure of personal health information. To solve the dilemma of personal health information protection, it is necessary to improve the corresponding legal mechanism, strengthen the classification of health information, standardize the behavior of health information collection and use, enhance the technical support of personal health information protection, build a system combining law and technology, and protect the security of personal health information.