Objective To synthesize and identify artificial antigens of lung elastin degradation peptide and for the purpose of preparation of COPD test.Methods The artificial antigens were synthesized by Sulfo-SMCC and KLH.The complete antigens were identified by ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE.Immunize Balb/c mice was used to prepare antibody.The antiserum activity was evaluated by indirect competitive ELISA.Results The artificial antigens were identified by ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE. The protein concentration was 1.181 mg/mL.The titer of antiserum was 1∶64 000,and IC50 was 13.7 ng/mL.The antiserum had no cross-reaction with nonsense peptide.Conclusion The artificial antigens were acquired successfully,which had good immunoge-nicity.The results have laid basis for COPD test.

Clonorchis sinensis is considered a class I carcinogen for cholangiocarcinoma, but an increasing number of studies have found that it is also closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. This paper reviews the discovery and prevalence, historical studies, key regional studies, animal models and complications of Clonorchis sinensis, and summarizes the possible molecular mechanisms of Clonorchis sinensis contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma development, in order to gain insight into the correlation between Clonorchis sinensis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and thus to provide new ideas for the study of the effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection on hepatocellular carcinoma.

The onset of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is usually occult, and early symptoms are not obvious. Most patients are at advanced stages of disease at diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) refers to the clinical manifestations indirectly caused by tumor metabolites or abnormal immune reactions that cannot be explained by the primary lesion, local tumor spread or distant metastasis. Hypercholesterolemia, hypercalcemia and hypoglycemia are the most commonly seen clinical presentations of PNS in PHC patients. Adequate understanding of PNS is of great importance in early diagnosis and treatment of PHC. In this review, we summarized the clinical manifestations and prognostic mechanisms of PNS in patients with PHC.