Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combination detection of carcino‐embryonic antigen(CEA ) ,cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1(CYFR21‐1) ,neuron‐specific enolase(NSE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for early lung cancer and its correlation with clinical effects .Methods 69 cases of lung cancer were included into the lung cancer group and 50 cases of benign pulmonary disease were included into the lung benign disease group .All the patients were given bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) .The chemiluminescence immunoassay was adopted to detect the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF .The changes of tumor markers levels were compared between the two groups and among different clinical curative effects in the patients with lung cancer . Results The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those of the be‐nign pulmonary disease group ,the difference was statistically significant (P < 0 .05) .The levels of tumor markers in the stage Ⅱ of lung cancer were higher than those in the stage Ⅰ of lung cancer ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ;the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF were gradually increased with the decrease of clinical effect (P< 0 .05) ;the sensitivity and spe‐cificity of the combined detection of three tumor markers were 62 .3% and 82 .0% respectively ,which were significantly higher than those of any single tumor marker (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of early lung cancer patients are obviously increased ,moreover which is closely correlated with the pathological stage of lung cancer ,the combined detec‐tion could contribute to improve the detection rate of early lung cancer and guide the evaluation of clinical effect .

Transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)superfamily ligands play an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis including proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,immune sur-veillance and angiogenesis.Type Ⅲ TGF-βreceptor (TβRⅢ) is considered to be the coreceptor of TGF-βsuperfamily.TβRⅢnot only has an effect on classical Smad signaling pathway,but also on non-Smad signaling pathway.TβRⅢplays a crucial role in fibrosis,tumor,cardiovascular diseases via mediating kinds of signaling pathways.This paper reviews TβRⅢ mediated sig-naling pathway and its role in fibrotic diseases.

β-arrestins, a kind of important adaptor protein and signal transduction protein found in the purification process ofβ-adrenergic receptor kinase (β-ARK) ,were first identified as pro-teins that have the ability to desensitize G protein-coupled recep-tors ( GPCR) . Fibrosis is defined by the overgrowth, hardening, and scarring of various tissues and is attributed to excess deposi-tion of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) components including colla-gen . A large number of studies have shown thatβ-arrestins play an important role in the process of fibrotic diseases, involved in inflammatory response and excess deposition of ECM. This re-view discusses the research status and development prospects ofβ-arrestins-mediated fibrotic diseases.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission network among HIV/AIDS patients in Zhoushan City, Zhejing Province. Methods: The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022 were selected. Basic information was collected and whole blood samples were obtained at the initial follow-up. The pol gene sequences of HIV-1 were amplified by RT-PCR and nested-PCR. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees. The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was built and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Results: A total of 222 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Zhoushan City from 2020 to 2022, 200 whole blood samples were collected, and 152 sequences were obtained successfully, including 122 males (80.26%), 75 cases aged 50 years and above (49.34%), 109 cases with a junior high school education or below (71.71%), and 63 cases with commercial heterosexual contact (41.45%). The main subtypes were CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE, accounting for 45.39% and 21.05%, respectively. When the threshold of genetic distance was set to 1%, 20 molecular clusters were formed in 69 cases, with a clustering rate of 45.39%. Using the molecular network constituted by reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2020 as the baseline network, there were 2 active molecular clusters with ≥5 new cases in 2022, each with 9 cases, characterized mainly by individuals aged 50 or above, with a junior high school education or below, and transmission through commercial heterosexual sex. Conclusions The predominant HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS cases in Zhoushan City are CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. Transmission through commercial heterosexual contact among middle-aged and elderly people is a main mode of HIV transmission.

Objective:To analyze the needs and recommendation of nurses in level3 general hospital for the application scenarios of nursing robots, so as to provide a basis for the design of intelligent machine systems to reduce the workload of nurses in the hospitals.Methods:Using phenomenological research methods, a total of 17 clinical nurses from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University and the First People′s Hospital of Lianyungang from November 2021 to March 2022 were selected for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi content analysis method was used to sort out the data.Results:Clinical nurses′requirements for application scenarios of nursing robots could be summarized into four themes: feasibility of clinical application of robot recognized by nurses; expected alternative care scenarios; summary of nursing robot design features; multiple factors limit the application of nursing robots.Conclusions:Clinical nurses have diverse requirements for the application scenarios of nursing robots, and only part of non-clinical tasks will be authorized to robots in a short period of time. In the face of future opportunities and challenges, with the help of policies, legal supervision should be strengthened, so as to improve the reliability and safety of clinical application of nursing robots.