Our country has made great achievements in organ transplantation,but there still exist many problems such as shortage of organs,seriously hindering the development of organ transplantation.Family factor,one of the influencing factors of organ transplantation in our country,has the characteristics of persistence and permanency.Researches on family factors will be helpful for the healthy development of organ transplantation.Started from family factors,this paper discussed the ethical issues of organ transplantation in our country and proposed appropriate measures such as changing moral cognition,advocating family support,strengthening community family intervention,correctly dealing with family ethics relationship,in order to provide a useful reference for the development of organ transplantation in China.

Objective To compare the serum protein profiles between people with successful aged 80 years and over in Bama versus Nanning,to identify the possible causes of the long life expectancy in Bama.Methods We evaluated the serum protein profiles using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) with 4 different chromatographic surfaces,including the weak cation exchange (CM10),immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC) 30-Cu,strong anion exchange (Q10) and hydrophobic surface (H50) protein chip arrays in people with successful aged 80 years and over living in Bama versus in Nanning city.SELDI-TOF-MS had a molecular mass detection range of 2000-50,000 D,with a first signal-to noise (S/N) ratio of 5,frequency of peak cluster of over 15 ％,and second S/N ratio of 2 and peak fluctuation of 0.3％ (m/z).Results The total numbers of serum protein (peptide) peaks for people with successful aging in Bama and Nanning were 71 on CM10,46 on IMAC30-Cu,81 on Q10,and 52 on H50.Among subjects from Bama as compared with Nanning (P＜0.05; mean ＞SD for each protein peak),there were 8 differently expressed protein peaks on CM10,of which 2 were upregulated and 6 downregulated; 7 on IMAC-Cu,of which 2 were upregulated and 6 downregulated; 5 on Q10,all of which were upregulated; and 6 on H50,of which 3 were upregulated and 3 downregulated.Conclusions There are marked differences in the serum protein profiles between people with successful aging living in Bama versus in Nanning.Most of the proteins are downregulated among people aged over 80 years in Bama.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze fatty oil and volatile oil in seed of Metaplexis japonica. METHODS:Fatty oil and vola-tile oil in seed of M. japonica were analyzed by GC-MS:HP-5MS quartz capillary column,high purity nitrogen as carrier gas, flow rate of 1 mL/min,injector temperature of 220 ℃,primary column temperature of 120 ℃(temperature programmed),column pressure of 80 kPa,split sampling,split ratio of 20:1,sample size of 1 μL. Mass condition:electron bombardment ion source, electron energy of 70 eV,interface temperature of 250 ℃,mass scanning range of m/z 50-550,scanning interval of 1.0 s. The dif-ference of volatile components in seed of M. japonica before and after processing was analyzed by HSGC-MS:HP-5MS quartz cap-illary column,high purity nitrogen as carrier gas,flow rate of 1 mL/min,headspace heating temperature of 90 ℃,heating time of 30 min,primary column temperature of 80 ℃(temperature programmed),column pressure of 80 kPa,split sampling,split ratio of 20:1,sample size of 1 μL. Mass condition:electron bombardment ion source,electron energy of 70 eV,interface temperature of 210 ℃,mass scanning range of m/z 50-550,scanning interval of 1.0 s. RESULTS:A totall of 30 components were identified in fatty oil,among which relative contents of linoleic acid,oleic acid,palmitic acid were in high level;54 components were identi-fied in volatile oil,main components were terpenes,among which relative contents of cananga oil diene,thujopsene,dehydro aro-madendrene were in high level. Terpinen-4-ol was found and dihydrocarveol increased 100% after frying,compared with before fry-ing. CONCLUSIONS:The study basically confirm main component of fatty oil and volatile oil in seed of M. japonica;there is dif-ference of volatile components in seed of M. japonica before and after frying.

Objective The radiotherapy is one of main treatments for patients with malignant tumor and leads to ovarian func-tion decreasing in young women .It is very important to protect ovarian function during the process of radiotherapy .The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin ( MT) agonist on radiotherapy-induced ovarian function damage in female rats . Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into five groups randomly , which received normal saline, 200 cGy radiotherapy+normal saline, 200 cGy radiotherapy+MT(25 mg/kg), 200 cGy radiotherapy+MT(50 mg/kg), and 200 cGy radiotherapy +MT(100 mg/kg), respectively.All rats were de-capitated two weeks after radiotherapy .Levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were measured by en-zyme-linked immune sorbent assay method;the number of the primordial follicles , the growth follicles and the mature follicle were ob-served;Caspase3 activity was assayed by spectrophotometry . Results In accordance with the normal control group , RT+MT (100 mg/kg) group, RT+MT (50 mg/kg) group,RT group , serum E2 levels decreased, respectively (6.68 ±0.48, 5.73 ±1.36, 4.26 ±0.44, 2.83 ±0.51)pmol/L;FSH levels increased, respectively (0.340 ±0.011, 0.431 ±0.053, 0.479 ±0.023, 0.604 ± 0.028)ng/mL ;the total number of follicles decreased ,respectively (21.67 ±1.97, 18.00 ±2.28, 15.50 ±1.05, 11.50 ±2.43);Caspase3 activity increased,respectively (0.14 ±0.03, 0.26 ±0.06, 0.36 ±0.05, 0.50 ±0.05).Except FSH had no significant difference between RT +MT(50 mg/kg)group and RT+MT(100 mg/kg) group(P>0.05), the rest indexes had significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion MT can diminish radiotherapy-induced ovarian damage in female rats, it may be related to the mechanism that MT inhibits the radiotherapy-induced activation of Caspase 3.

Objective To detect the in vitro effect of the traditional Chinese medicine on the tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Methods Supernatant (1^5 ml) of different doses of the traditional Chinese medicine (Changqing capsule) was collected by normal saline immersion and 2^5?10+4 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were added in each paste well for 8 hours. Spiramycin, pyrimethamine and azithromycin in different doses were used as controls. Normal saline was used as negative control. Mice were inoculated with drug-treated tachyzoites intraperitoneally or intragastrically. The normal mice were subcultured after 8 days for 3 generations. Results The incident number of the infected mice was significantly different among groups with different drugs and doses: 2/60, 16/60, 10/60 and 10/60 in the groups of Changqing capsule, spiramycin, pyrimethamine and azithromycin respectively (P

ObjectiveTo explore the value of differential diagnosis between pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in active stage with clinic and ultrasound. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the characters of clinic and ultrasound of sixteen patients with PVNS and sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis inactive stage.ResultsIn aspects of patient’s age (T=185), pain scores (T=136) history of trauma (P=0.029), functionally uncompensated conditions (P=0.001) type (P=0.000) and sum (P=0.000) of involved joints、bright spot-echoes in hydrops (P=0.001) tendons nearby involved (P=0.001) and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow (P=0.009), the differences between PVNS and RA in active stage had statistical significance (P<0.05). Clinic characters: patients with PVNS were younger, often had a history of trauma. But patients with RA in active stage had a higher pain score and functionally uncompensated condition. Ultrasound characters: big and single joints were often involved in patients with PVNS, and tiny bright spot echoes could be detected in hydrops. Instead, big and small, multiple joints, tendons nearby were often involved in patients with RA, who had a higher ratio of gradeⅢ Doppler ultrasound blood flow. And in aspects of sex, the presence of hydrops and synovium thickness, the differences between the two had no statistical significance (P>0.05).ConclusionThe clinical characters including Patient’s age, pain scores, history of trauma, functionally uncompensated conditions, and the characters of ultrasound including type and sum of involved joints, bright spot echoes in hydrops, tendons nearby involved and the Adler’s grade of Doppler ultrasound blood flow, are helpful for the differential diagnosis of PVNS and RA in active stage.

Objective:To develop the questionnaire of nurses′ neurogenic bladder knowledge, attitude and behavior and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the knowledge-attitude-behavior model,literature reviewing and expert consultation, the item pool was developed.A total of 286 clinical nurses from 4 hospitals in Zhejiang Province were surveyed. The different statistical analysis methods were used to select items and its reliability and validity was tested.Results:The final questionnaire consisted of 42 items: knowledge dimension with 18 items, attitude dimension with 11 items, and practice dimension with 13 items. The Cronbach α coefficient and test-retest reliability were 0.952 and 0.818 respectively. The item level content validity index ranged from 0.857 to 1.000, and the scale level content validity index was 0.993. Seven factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 69.839% of the total variance.Conclusions:The questionnaires reliable and valid,which could be applied to related clinical investigation.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate changes towards liver fibrosis during entecavir(ETV)treatment by non-invasive fibrosis markers in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who need antiviral therapy. Methods: Totally 303 HBeAg negative treatment-naive CHB patients were enrolled and liver biopsy was performed before starting antiviral therapy in this study. Totally 196 patients who need antiviral therapy were treated with ETV for at least 3 years. A clinical and virological evaluation was performed at baseline and again after 1, 2 and 3 years during ETV treatment. AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) was used to assess dynamic changes of liver fibrosis in HBeAg negative CHB patients after 1, 2, 3 years of ETV treatment. Results: All enrolled patients experienced liver biopsy at baseline. According to Metavir fibrosis stages, F1, F2, F3 and F4 patients were 107, 125, 54 and 17, respectively. The APRI score enabled the correct identification of patients with severe fibrosis (METAVIR F3-F4). The APRI values significantly decreased in F2 and F3 patients after 1 year ETV therapy (P<0.01). But for F4 patients, APRI values decreased significantly at year 3 (P<0.05). Conclusions APRI values decreased significantly during ETV treatment in HBeAg-negative CHB patients indicating that these noninvasive fibrosis tests might be useful for monitoring improvement of liver fibrosis and assessing treatment efficacy during long-term ETV treatment.

Objective: To study the factors associated with efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues with sequential interferon in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Method: HBeAg positive CHB patients treated with nucleoside analogue (NA) treatment received PEG-IFN α-2a 180 μg subcutaneously once weekly.NA was continually used with PEG-IFNα-2a during the first 12 weeks. HBsAg/HBeAg level and HBV DNA load were observed in the sequential pre-treatment (baseline) period, 12 th, 24 th, 36 th, 48 th and 72 nd weeks of sequential therapy in all patients. Result: Of the 56 HBeAg-positive CHB patients, 5 (23.1%) achieved HBsAg loss/seroconversion, the baseline HBsAg level in HBsAg loss/seroconversion group was lower than that of the patients in the group that did not achieve HBsAg loss/seroconversion (2.750 lg IU/ml vs. 3.699 lg IU/ml, t=0.955, P=0.000); the difference was statistically significant in HBsAg decreased at the 12 th, 24 th, 36 th, 48 th week in the course of sequential therapy (0.913 vs 0.149, 2.847 vs 0.189, 4.378 vs 0.248, 4.587 vs 0.274 lg IU/ml) (t=-2.950, P=0.040; t=-8.732, P=0.009; t=-8.483, P=0.001; t=-8.214, P=0.003); 11(19.6%) achieved HBeAg loss/ seroconversion, the HBeAg baseline level in HBeAg loss/seroconversion group was lower than the patients in the group that not achieved HBeAg loss/seroconversion (1.217 lgS/CO vs 1.884 lgS/CO, t=2.061, P=0.044); the difference was statistically significant in HBsAg, HBeAg decreased at 24 th, 36 th, 48 th week in the course of sequential therapy between the two groups (1.330 vs 0.205, 2.084 vs 0.258, 1.972 vs 0.284, lg IU/ml; 1.168 vs 0.455, 1.363 vs 0.461, 1.177 vs 0.447, lg S/CO) (t=2.238, P=0.049; t=2.619, P=0.025; t=2.278, P=0.048); (t=2.273, P=0.043; t=3.415, P=0.001; t=2.271, P=0.049). Conclusions To HBeAg-positive CHB, lower baseline HBsAg, HBeAg level and HBsAg, HBeAg decreased earlier were could predict easier achievement of HBs(e)Ag loss/seroconversion.

Objective: To study the factors associated with efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues with sequential interferon in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: HBeAg negative CHB patients with NA treatment received PEG-IFNα 2a 180 μg subcutaneously once weekly. NA was continually used with PEG-IFN 2a during the first 12 weeks. HBsAg level and HBV DNA load were observed in the sequential pre-treatment (baseline), 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th, 72nd and 96th weeks of sequential therapy in all patients. Results: Of the 26 HBeAg negative CHB patients, 6 (23.1%) achieved HBsAg loss/seroconversion. The comparison between HBsAg loss/ seroconversion group and the group not achieved HBsAg loss/ seroconversion showed that the baseline HBsAg level in HBsAg loss/seroconversion group was 2.210 log₁₀IU/ml, was lower than (t=-4.252, P=0.000) HBsAg-positive patients (3.385 log₁₀IU/ml) in the groupp that not achieved HBsAg loss/seroconversion, the difference was statistically significant in HBsAg decreased at 72^nd, 96^th week in the course of sequential therapy (3.511 vs. 0.723log₁₀IU/ml, 4.291 vs. 0.737 log₁₀IU/ml) (t=6.712, P=0.000, t=13.319; P=0.000, 0.00); the difference was not statistically significant in age, gender and NA therapy time between the two groups; 12 (46.2%) of patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR), the baseline of HBsAg level was 2.575 log₁₀IU/ml, was less than (t=-4.319, P=0.000) the patients who did not achieve SVR (3.576 log₁₀IU/ml), the difference was statistically significant in HBsAg decrease of each time in the course of sequential therapy between the two groups (0.612 vs. 0.088, 1.192 vs. 0.107, 1.566 vs. 0.167, 1.817 vs. 0.176, 2.424 vs. 0.193, 2.188 vs. 0.014, log₁₀IU/ml) (t=3.109, 4.717, 4.500, 4.544, 5.560, 4.265, P=0.008, 0.010, 0.001, 0.001, 0.000, 0.003), the difference was not statistically significant in gender and NA therapy time, the difference was statistically significant in age (30.8 vs. 39.9 years) ( t=-2.219, P=0.038). Of 9 CHB patients whose baseline HBV DNA were positive, 5 patients (55.6%) had HBV DNA loss after sequential treatment, the patients whose HBV DNA loss with HBsAg decreased at 12^th week in the course of sequential therapy, but there was no influence in the HBsAg decrease/loss after 12^th week, the difference was not statistically significant in age, gender, NA therapy time, HBsAg and HBsAg decrease in the course of sequential therapy between HBV DNA-negative and HBV DNA-positive groups. Conclusions To HBeAg-negative CHB, patients with low baseline HBsAg (2 log10 IU/ml level) and significantly lower HBsAg decrease early were more likely to receive SVR. Among them, prolonged interferon therapy is easier to achieve HBsAg loss/seroconversion.