The origin, pattern, caliber, projection on the body surface and anastomoses of the cutaneous arteries within the lateral thoracic flap have been studied in 33 cases (sides): adults- 30 cases, children- 3 cases. The chief results are as follows:1. Four types of cutaneous arterial supply within this flap be divided according to the number of branches: one branched type(51.51%?8.70), two branched type(27.27%?7.75), three branched type(15.15%?6.24), four branched type(6.06%?4.15).2. Lateral thoracic cutaneous arteries may arise from one to four of the brachial, lateral thoracic, axillary, dorsal thoracic, subscapular or thoraco-acromial arteries. The caliber of their origin varies between 1.23～1.75mm. The thoracoepigastric vein which drains blood into the lateral thoracic vein may be regarded as the main cutaneous vein in the flap area. The caliber of its end is 3.35?0.42 mm. This vein provided with valves.3. There are plenty of cutaneous arterial anastomoses within the lateral thoracic flap. In the radiograph the networks of blood vessels may be seen among the branches of the cutaneous arteries. These networks are distributed over the whole flap.4. The blood vessels of the lateral thoracic flap and its application have been discussed and the position of skin incisions and landmark of the cutaneous arteries been proposed in the article.

The relation between molar attrition and age was studied in 208 skulls Chinese male of cadavers from the Liaoning province. The ages of these cadavers range from 15 to 61 years. The total number of teeth studied are: 658 first molars and 601 second molars. The degree of attrition was divided into six grades. Results may be summarized as follows:1. The degree of molar attrition increases with age.2. The second molar is less attrited thanthe first one in the same jaw be'cause it crupts later, and the age ratio (in years) between M_1 and M_2 is about 6:7.3. The degree of molar attrition on both sides and both jaws is symmetrical in 63?1.9％, but no general rule can be found.4. A regressive equation of molar attrition has been obtained.

Extraction process plays an important role in Chinese herbal medicine applications. Traditional extraction method has some disadvantages, such as long processing time, high solvent consumption and low efficiency. Thus, some new technologies and methods have been introduced in this paper, including ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction. On the basis of advantages and disadvantages of traditional Soxhlet extrac-tion, this paper mainly described the principles, characteristics, influencing parameters and applications.

Objective Retrospectively evaluate the effect of Z-axis tube-current modulation technique with desired noise level to improve image quality (image noise level) and decrease radiation doses of MSCT (16-slice CT) in chest scanning. Methods Consecutive two hundred patients whose CT scan projection radiographs showed no significant abnormal were randomly divided into two groups by the examination order: Z-axis tube-current modulation (ZTCM) group (odd number, test group) and constant tube-current (CTC) group (even number, contrast group). The desired noise level of ZTCM group was 10HU and the machine automatically set the dynamic tube-current in scanning according to attenuated information of chest acquired in scan projection radiographs, the tubo-current of CTC group was set at 200mA, while the other scan parameters remained totally the same. The maximum tube-current value,CTDIvol, DLP and the tube-current of the slice at the maximum breast level of female patients were recorded respectively. The noise of image at upper lung, aorta arch, left atrium and bottom lung level were measured and compared. The qualities of Images were classified in three levels (excellent, good, poor) with double blind method. Results The mean value of maximum mA, CTDIvol, DLP and mA of the slice at the maximum breast level of ZTCM group were (178.5±125.6) mA, (10.5±3.8) mGy, (231.6±24.3)mGy/cm and (116.0±22.5) mA, those of CTC were 200.0 mA, 12.8 mGy, (274.7±18.4)mGy/cm and 200.0 mA, ZTCM group decreased by 10.8%, 19.9%, 15.7% and 42.0%,respectively, as compared with CTC group. The image quality at upper lung and bottom lung level in ZTCM group was improved significantly (P < 0.05) and the cases of excellent images in ZTCM group was significantly higher than that of CTC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion ZTCM technique not only contributes to more rational distribution of radiation doses but also realizes individuation, decreases the total radiation doses and improves image quality in chest CT scanning. It is valuable and promising in chest CT scan.

Objective To explore a new scanning technique to reduce and avoid image artifacts of thoracoabdominal CT and improve image quality for patients who cannot raise their arms. Methods Sixty-one patients with arm-raising disability between March 2004 and May 2009 were enrolled in the study. Thirty-one cases before June 2007 were scanned with their arms beside their body (control group), 30 cases after June 2007 were scanned with their arms shifting to different imaging planes of the spine(study group), and another 30 patients who can raising their arms were taken as routine group. The images artifacts were blindly evaluated by 5-points scale (severe, less severe, moderate, minimum and no artifact) by 2 experienced CT technologists and one radiologist and compared between the three groups (χ~2 test). CT values and its noise of the liver with or without artifact of the three groups were measured and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results In the control group, 11 cases had severe, 15 cases had less severe, 5 cases had moderate. In the study group, 6 cases had moderate, 15 cases had minimum, 9 cases had no artifact. In the routine group, 8 cases minimum and 22 cases had no artifact. Image quality was significantly improved in the study group compared to the conventional group where χ~2 = 95.32 and P <0.01. CT value and the noise of the liver without artifact were (54.5±3.0) HU and 10. 7±2.4 in the control group, (52.0±3.5) HU and 10.7±0.5 in the study group, (53.7±3.1) HU and 9.9±0.5 in the routine group, respectively. CT value and noise of the liver with artifact were (41.7±8.4) HU and 17.9±2.6 in control group, (53.1±6.9) HU and 11.0±0.7 in the study group, (54.1±2.4) HU and 9.9±0.5 in the routine group, respectively. The CT value and its noise variation with artifact were significantly higher in the control group than the study group and the control group, where F = 36.352,235. 848, respectively and P <0.01. Conclusion The image quality can be improved and the artifact can be minimized for the patients with arm-raising disability by shifting their arm position to the different imaging planes of the spine.

Objective To determine the reliability of CT perfusion scans and its parameters of ?-variate curve in evaluating the acute myocardial infarction for clinical reference of diagnosis on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Methods Imatron C-150 electron beam CT (EBCT) were used to scan a hydrodynamic model which could mimic a change of contrast medium by intravenous injection in vivo. Then 6 adult canines were employed in the experiment with thoracic operation, and branches of the anterior descending and circumflex of left coronary arteries (LCA) were ligated so that myocardial infarction was made out. After intravenous administration of contrast medium, the hearts were scanned with perfusion EBCT and ?-variate curves were manifested. Some heterogeneities and differentiations between the normality and the infarctions were put forward when the parameters of all these curves were analyzed and statistically processed. Two myocardial infarctions were also verified by SPECT, and all the samples stained with TTC method were compared with those on the perfusion images. The pathological study with optical microscope and electron microscope were further carried on. Results The ascending slopes of ?-variate curves were different in the perfusion quantity. The normal curve of canine myocardium showed a somewhat quick ascending pattern first, and then a gradual descending pattern successively, with the ascending time of about 10-13 s, ascending CT value of about 34-37 HU, and peak CT value of about 70-81 HU. Whereas the curve on myocardial infarction demonstrated a prolonged ascending time of about 19.9 s, diminished ascending CT value of only about 20 HU, and peak CT value of about 53.8 HU, which were significantly different from the normality (P

Objective To investigate the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of patients in pre-hospital medical care before and after “5 · 12” Wenchuan earthhquake in Deyang city.Methods Comparison was made between the epidemiological features of cases treated in Deyang emergency medical center from the January 1,2007 through the December 31,2007 before the earthquake (the pre-earthquake group) and those treated from the January 1,2009 through the December 31,2009 after the earthquake ( the post-earthquake group) with the criteria of international classification of diseases (ICD-10).Results ( 1 ) There were 11 325 patients medically cared before earthquake and 16 265 patients after disaster.The distribution of sex,age,the top five causes,the seasonal and diurnal variations of emergency call,radius of service circle of pre-hospital medical care cases were no significantly different between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The time required for scheduling ambulance and time consumed for the transportation of patients in the post-earthquake group were less than those in the pre-earthquake group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The efficiency of medical care done by 120 Emergency Command Center in Deyang city has been improved significantly in ease of without change in epidemiological features of patients after reconstruction of disaster area.

Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 phosphorylation (p-14-3-3) induced by C-Jun N-termi-nal kinase (JNK) on ischemic brain injury in rats. Methods Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups:sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group, SP600125 group and solvent control group. The rat model of cerebral ischemia was established. The p-14-3-3, the binding of 14-3-3 and Bax and the protein expression of Bax in cytoplasm and mitochondria in hippo-campal CA1 region were detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunoblotting 12-hour after ischemia-reperfusion in four groups. Results Compared with the sham operation group, protein expression levels of p-14-3-3 in cytoplasm and Bax in mitochondria were significantly increased, the binding of 14-3-3 and Bax was significantly decreased in ischemia-re-perfusion group, solvent control group and SP600125 group. The protein expressions of p-14-3-3 and Bax were significantly lower in SP600125 group than those of ischemia-reperfusion group and solvent control group. The binding of 14-3-3 and Bax was significantly higher in SP600125 group than that of ischemia-reperfusion group and solvent control group (P <0.05). Conclusion 14-3-3 phosphorylation induced by JNK plays important effects on ischemic brain injury in rats.

0.05).The accuracy of Borrmann type classification in 14 cases of advanced gastric carcinoma undergone gastrectomy was 92.8%.Conclusion The gastric carcinoma detection rate with NHSCT is similar to that with fibro-gastroscopic or double-contrast barium examination.The direct and indirect signs of gastric carcinoma can be found and the Borrmann type classification can be made by NHSCT.However,the non-contrast enhancement scanning is limited for the early gastric carcinoma detection,and can be improved by contrast enhancement scanning.

The cutaneous arteries of the forearm and their anastomoses in skin and subcutaneous tissue were invetigated on 35 upper limbs.1. The average length of the radial artery is 215.3 mm. This artery can be divided into a covered part and a exposed part. Their lengths are 117.7 mm. and 101.4 mm. respectively. The calibers of the upper end, the intermediate point, and the lower end of the radial artery are 2.7mm, 2.3 mm and 2.4 mm respectively.2. The exposed part of the radial artery sends out more cutaneous branches (9.6 branches) than the covered part (4.2 branches), While their muscular branches are nearly equal in number. The calibers of the cutaneous and muscular branches of the radial artery varies from 0.3～0.5 mm.The fine anastomoses of the cutaneous branches exist between the radial and ulnar arteries and between the radial and ulnar arteries and the dorsal interosseus artery and they form an arterial networks in the subcutaneous tissue of the whole forearm. For blood supply a skin flap may be cut from the whole forearm from the standpoint of morphology.4. The calibers of the radial and cephalic veins at the level of middle part of the forearm are 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm respectively. As the vasular pedicle both the veins should be anastomosed during transplant operation in order to increase the volume of the draining blood.5. The skin flap of forearm blongs to a type of blood supply of arterial trunk network, which have been distinguished with that of some other skin and myocutaneous flaps according to the anatomical characteristics of the radial artery.