Objective: To investigate validities of MMPI- 2 measures of general maladjustment in people who had expe- rienced traumatic events. Methods: Participants were 43 patients with stress disorder (SD) and 44 well- adjusted trauma survivors(TS). Validities of 7 MMPI- 2 measures of general maladjustment were compared with the mean scores on 8 clini- cal scales (M8), which were considered as the criterion measure of general maladjustment. Results: Patients with SD ob- tained significantly higher scores on 6 measures and M8 than TS. Most of the measures were significantly related to M8 in both groups. Although F and PK sometimes added significantly to the variance accounting for the criterion measure, Pt added significantly and meaningfully to each of the other MMPI- 2 measure in predicting maladjustment. Conclusion: The results support the use of the MMPI- 2 as a measure of general maladjustment in trauma survivors. Pt emerges consistently as a good indicator of general maladjustment.

AIM To examine the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand (s) 4 carboxy 3 hydroxyphenyl glycine 〔(s) 4C3HPG〕 on kainic acid induced epileptic seizures and brain damage in rats. METHODS Rats were given (s) 4C3HPG (500 nmol/rat) by icv infusion prior to kainic acid (KA) injection ip(10 mg?kg -1 ). The behavoir changes, electrographic seizure duration and histological alterations between different group of rats were compared. RESULTS (s) 4C3HPG markedly reduced seizures severity in response to kainate. The seizure score in the rat with (s) 4C3HPG injection icv was significantly lower than that of control during the first three hours observation period after KA administration ( P

Objective Present study aimed to observe the effects of Apoptin gene on killing retinoblastoma HXO-RB_(44) cells and illustrates its mechanisms. Methods Human retinoblastoma cells strain, HXO-RB_(44), was cultured and passaged in RPMI 1640 medium containing bovine serum. Apoptin gene was transfected into HXO-RB_(44) cells by liposome into HXO-RB_(44)/Apoptin, and pcDNA_3 was transfected in HXO-RB_(44)/peDNA_3 group. The expression of Apoptin mRNA was detected using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of protein of Apoptin and p53 were detected by SABC immunohistochemistry. The growth rate of HXO-RB_(44) cells was studied by constructing the growth curve and calculated as the formula: inhibitory rate = 1-cell number in experiment group/cell number in control group x 100%. Cellular apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results The RT-PCR result showed the 450 kb specific band in UXO-RB_(44)/Apoptin group and absent amplification result in HXO-RB_(44) group and HXO-RB_(44)/pcDNA_3 group. The difference in SABC-positive cell number between HXO-RB_(44)/Apoptin group and control group was statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 05). The growth of HXO-RB_(44) cells was significantly inhibited in HXO-RB_(44)/Apoptin group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05). Apoptosis cells increased significantly. The apoptosis rate was 38. 5% . Conclusion Apoptin gene could inhibit the growth of HXO-RB_(44) cells effectively. Up-regulation of expression of p53 gene might not be one of cell apoptosis mechanisms.

AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide(NO) and caspase-3 on dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. METHODS: Flow cytometric assay was used to quantify the apoptotic cells. The morphological of apoptotic cells was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL). Nitrite was quantified by Griess reaction. Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) mRNA was identified by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Caspase-3 activity was determined by fluorescent spectrofluorometer. RESULTS: Dopamine induced PC12 cells apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner (0.15-0.60 mmol/L), with positive TUNEL staining. During the development of apoptosis, the expression of iNOS mRNA and the levels of NO increased markedly, so did caspase-3 activity(P

ObjectiveTo compare the responsiveness and precision between the 66 items version of Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM-66) and 88 items version(GMFM-88).Methods173 children with cerebral palsy(male 126,female 47) who have received twice assessments were involved.All the second assessment were performed 3.8±4.3 months later.112 children received the third assessment 3.2±2.2 months after the second assessment.The effect size and relative precision between the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88 were analyzed.ResultsThe effect size of GMFM-66 between every two assessments was nearly the same as those of GMFM-88.The precision of GMFM-66 was not lower than that of GMFM-88.ConclusionThe interval-scale GMFM-66 has satisfying responsiveness and precision.It is more useful than GMFM-88 in measuring the treating effect of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture applied at Baihui acupoint on cognitive function in lithium-pilocarpine induced spontaneous recurrent epileptic rat and provide some theoretical basis for acupoint stimulation treatment seizure.Methods Male mature Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to spontaneous recurrent epileptic model induced by lithium-pilocarpine,and divided into different groups randomly: acupoint group(electroacupuncture applied at Baihui acupoint),non-acupoint group(electroacupuncture located in close vicinity to the Baihui acupoint),and epileptic control group.Normal rats were subjected into normal control group.The Morris water maze test and step though test were carried out respectively to explore the effect of electroacupuncture applied at Baihui acupoint on the rats' learning and memory capacities.Results Compared with control group,acupoint rats in Morris water maze test time of finding the platform under the water surface decreased(P

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zonisamide(ZNS) as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures receiving other antiepileptic drags (AEDs).Methods This was a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study conducted at multi-centers.All 240 subjects were randomized to either the ZNS group or the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio.The double-blind treatment phase included a titration phase during which zonisamide dose inereased from 100 mg/day to 300 mg/day over 4 weeks and then a 12-week fixed-dose phase.The primary efficacy endpoint was,the median % reduction from baseline in all pattial seizure frequency(CPS+SPS+SGS)during the fixed-dose phase.The important secondaw endpoint wag the responder rate.Safety profiles and tolerance were also evaluated.Results The FAS analysis showed the median reduction from baseline in the ZNS group was greater than in the placebo group(48.4%vs 26.6%),the difference was significant for ZNS compared with placebo(F=4.904,P=0.028);The responder rates for all partial seizures(48.6%vs34.9%,X2=4.046,P=0.044)and for complex seizures(52.2% vs 33.3%,X2=5.607,P=0.018)were significantly higber in the ZNS group than in the placebo group in the FAS population.The overall adverse events(AEs)profile was comparable between the two groups.The most frequent AEs considered to be related to zonisamide by the investigator were headache,dizziness,somnolence,anorexia,nausea,etc.Conclusions ZNS is superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of partial seizures and well-tolerated.ZNS could be a choice of adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gross motor development in 1～6-year-old children with cerebral palsy at different levels. Methods 708 children (487 males and 221 females, age range: 1～6 years, from 6 rehabilitation centers in Shanghai) with cerebral palsy (CP) were assessed with Chinese version of Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS） and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Distributions of GMFM scores at different GMFCS levels in children with cerebral palsy were analyzed. Results The GMFM-66 scores increased most in children with GMFCS Level Ⅰ, and more than 75% of them would be greater than 67 points in GMFM-66 score after the age of 48～50 months. The children with GMFCS Level Ⅱ～Ⅳ appeared similar increasing range of GMFM-66 scores in 1～6 years old. Less than 25% of the children at GMFCS Level Ⅱ would be greater than 67 points in GMFM-66 score before the age of 6 years, more than 50% of those at GMFCS Level Ⅲ would be less than 56 points, more than 75% of those at GMFCS Level Ⅳ couldn't exceed 46 points （except groups of 54～56 months and 66～68 months）. Compared with the children with other GMFCS levels, the GMFM-66 scores were always at very low level in children with GMFCS Level V, and trended to decrease with time after 5 years old. Conclusion The characteristics of gross motor development are different in children with cerebral palsy at different GMFCS levels.

We reviewed 100 cases with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) from 1980 to 1999, and found that the features of GBS in electrophysiological classification, age, area, seasonal distributions, and in preceding illness in northwestern China are different in some aspects from those in Europe and North America or in northern China. The demyelinating pattern appeares as a major subtype not only in different age groups, but also in different test times after symptom onset.

Objective To characterize the imaging features of mediastinal cysts and gain a better understanding of atypical manifestations of various mediastinal cysts and improve the level of diagnosis. Methods The CT and/or MR images(CT n=28, MRI n=26, CT and MRI n=10), surgical information, and pathologic material in 44 histopathologically proved cases of mediastinal cyst were retrospectively reviewed. Results The mediastinal cysts were located in the anterior mediastinum(n=13), middle mediastinum(n=18), anterior-middle mediastinum (n=2) and posterior mediastinum(n=11). Bronchogenic cysts and pericardial cysts were atypically located in 7/20(35%)and 5/6 respectively. The density of 42.9% cysts on CT was close to that of water. Each of the cysts had a high signal intensity that was equal to or greater than cerebrospinal fluid on T_2-weighted MR images. One cyst showed marked loss of signal on MR hydrography. The signal intensities of the cysts were variable on T_1-weighted images. The signal intensity of MRI was not homogeneous in 5 and the reasons were different. Fourteen cases were misdiagnosed. Conclusion 1.The cysts with soft-tissue attenuation on CT in the anterior and posterior mediastinum may be easily misdiagnosed as neoplasm. Pericardial cysts located in the paratrachea may be easily misdiagnosed as bronchogenic cysts .2. MRI can be used to diagnose the cysts with high density on CT.3. Heterogeneous signal on MRI and loss of signal on MR hydrography might be the reasons for misdiagnosis.