Object To establish the process of purification for ?-linolenic acid from the fruit oil of Camptotheca acuminata Decne.. Methods Complexometry by AgNO 3 was applied. Results The optimal conditions: the AgNO 3 concentration was 4 mol/L, the complexometric temperature was lower than 15 ℃, and the complexometric time was 2 h. The purity of ?-linolenic acid was 91.25%. Conclusion The concentration of ?-linolenic acid from the fruit oil of C. acuminata can reach to 45.8%, therefore it is a new abundant resource for ?-linolenic acid. ?-linolenic acid can be well purified in the fruit oil by this process.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare and characterize Ibuprofen (IBU) nano-powder,and to investigate its transdermal ability in vitro. METHODS:Using chloroform-ethanol(7:3,V/V)as organic phase,deionized water as aqueous phase and polysorbate 80 as surfactant,the emulsification method was used to prepare IBU nano-powder. Laser granulometric analysis,Fourier transform in-frared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were used to characterize IBU na-no-powder. IBU nano-powder was compared with bulk drug in respects of saturation solubility,dissolution rate and transdermal rate in vitro. RESULTS:The optimum condition was as follows that the concentration of polysorbate 80 was 5 mg/mL;the volume ra-tio of water phase-organic phase was 40:1;the concentration of IBU was 250 mg/mL;homogenate speed was 5000 r/min;homog-enate time was 2 min. Prepared IBU nano-powder was polyporous crumbly coralliform,and its chemical structure kept stable;the nano-powder changed from crystal to amorphous state;the particle size was 179.6 nm,and drug-loading amount was 8.99%;satu-ration solubility,dissolution rate and transdermal rate of IBU nano-powder were 148,1.23 and 4.08 times of bulk drug. CONCLU-SIONS:The prepared IBU nano-powder shows good water-solubility and percutaneous permeability.

Object To develop a new process for the extraction of camptothecin from leaves of Camptotheca acuminata Decne Methods By uniform experimental design after proper choice of solvent Results The optimal conditions were extraction with 16 times of 0 3% NaOH for three hours each time Conclusion This is the first attempt to use dilute NaOH solution for the extraction of camptothecin from the previously seldom utilized leaves of C acuminata, which resulted in a yield well over 0 1% The process resulted in a lower production cost and require less fire protection measures as compaired with the conventional use of alcohol

Object To establish the process of supercritical CO 2 extraction of glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.. Methods The comparison methods among supercritical CO 2 extraction, Soxhleth extraction and ultrasonic extraction were conducted. Results The optimized supercritical CO 2 extraction conditions were 30 MPa, pressure; 70 meshes, granularity of material; 80% ethanol, modifying agent; 45 ℃, extraction temperature; 2 hours, extraction time. Conclusion The results show that supercritical CO 2 extraction has an advantage over any other extractions of glycyrrhetic acid from G. uralensis.

Paeonol has inhibitory effect on a variety of tumor cells, whereas cadherin is a kind of glycoprotein that is associated with the occurrence and development of different tumor.In this study, the interactions of paeonol and E-cadherin have been investigated by fluorescence spectrometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM).Fluorescence spectrometry results revealed that the addition of paeonol significantly quenched the fluorescence of E-cadherin.Based on the results of the quenching constant, it was inferred that the interaction of paeonol and E-cadherin was a static quenching process.The thermodynamic parameters ΔH and ΔS were calculated to be -4.3×10.5 J/mol and -1.3×10.3 J/(mol·K), respectively, which proved the involvement of weak interactive forces such as hydrogen bond van der Waals force.AFM results revealed that cadherin molecules were assembled into the long-chain structure.The addition of paeonol could significantly disrupt these assembling structures into short chains, which could be ascribed to the damage of the interdigitation model from the adjacent cadherin molecules.All these results reveal that cadherin is an important target of paeonol to modulate its activity.

Objective To clone and sequence the cDNA encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene from Astragalus membranaceus.Methods RT-PCR and RACE Techniques were used to clone a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from A.membranaceus roots with the total RNA as the template.Results The cloned gene named as AmPAL and the Genbank registry number is EF567076.Squence analysis showed that the full-length of AmPAL cDNA was 2 650 bp,including a 2 154 bp open reading frame(ORF).AmPAL was a new number of PAL family that consisted of 718 amino acids with prediated mole-cular weight of 7.805?104 and isoelectric point(PI)of 5.96.At the same time,AmPAL had the homo-logy with PAL of known leguminous plants and shared above 80% identity of amino acid sequences.Conclusion It is the first report that a novel PAL gene is cloned from A.membranaceus.This work lays a foundation for regulating phenylpropanoid pathway of medical plant with AmPAL.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the extraction method of polyglycosides from Tripterygium wilfordii.

METHODThe extraction method of pressurized liquid extraction was employed and chromogenic colorimetric technique were used for quantitative analysis. Based on the single-factor experiment, according to the center combination design this paper used three factors and three levels of response surface methodology for process optimization.

RESULTThe optimized conditions were as follows: ratio of solid to liquid was 1:9.5, at the temperature of 115 degrees C for 80 minutes, the actual extract ratio and purity of polyglycosides obtained were 0.21% and 0.52%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method of pressurized liquid extraction has obvious advantages over conventional reflux extracting.

Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Pressure ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

An enhance matrix removal ( EMR) QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of 22 triazine herbicide residuals such as atrazine, propazine, terbumeton, and desmetryn in corn was established and validated. The corn samples were initially extracted with acetonitrile ( MeCN ) in high-speed homogenization, and the targeted pesticides were prepared using EMR-Lipid (Enhanced matrix removal-lipid) method to clean-up and EMR-Polish to salt out, separated on a Kinetex XB-C18 with acetonitrile and 0. 1%formic acid aqueous as eluant, and then detected by UFLC-MS / MS under positive ( ESI+ ) electrospray ionization and MRM models. The average recoveries of 22 herbicides were in the range of 72% -105% at the spiked level of 5, 10 and 20 μg / kg. The relative standard deviations were less than 15% . In the method validation, correlation coefficients were higher than 0. 993 with the linear range from 1. 0 μg / L to 50 μg / L. The qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were investigated by UFLC-MS / MS and matrix-matched calibration curves. The results showed that EMR QuEChERS combined with UFLC-MS / MS purification method was rapid, accurate and sensitive for the determination of 22 triazine herbicides residues in corn.

OBJECTIVEThe content of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of Catharanthus roseus at various developmental stages were determined, and the biomass allocation was also determined to find the best harvest time.

METHODThe content of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of C. roseus were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe content of these alkaloids were influenced by season and it varied in the different tissues of the plant. The content of vindoline and catharanthine in the leaves were the highest, and there was no vindoline detected in the root, but the content of vinblastine in the flower was the highest; the content of vindoline and catharanthine reached the maximum between the August and September, and the content of vinblastine reached the highest after the September. The biomass was the highest in the initial stage of September.

CONCLUSIONThe best harvest time was in the initial stage of September.

Catharanthus ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seasons ; Vinblastine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; metabolism ; Vinca Alkaloids ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine glycyrrhetinic acid concentration in rat plasma and concentration of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in rat serum after oral administration by LC-MS/MS and the flame atomic absorption method, and analyze the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the six elements in serum.

RESULTA similar variation trend between the concentration of glycyrrhetinic acid in plasma and that of Na, Cu elements in serum after oral administration of glycyrrhetinic acid was observed. Glycyrrhetinic acid in plasma at 2 h after administration reached the peak. Meanwhile, the concentration of Na and Cu at 4 h after the administration of glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05). Moreover, an increasing glycyrrhetinic acid dosage could result in the accumulation of Cu and Na in rat serum. Compared with the control group, the concentration of Cu and Na in the the glycyrrhetinic acid administration group with doses of 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05). However, glycyrrhetinic acid did not exhibit the great impact on the concentration of other elements in serum.

CONCLUSIONThis study focuses on the effect of oral administration of glycyrrhetinic acid on six metal elements in rat serum and provides an experimental basis for the adverse effect of glycyrrhetinic acid in clinical-applications.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Metals ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley