Objective To search for new tumor markers from urine of bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Methods Urine samples from 61 bladder cancer patients who were histologically diagnosed and 53 healthy volunteers and 42 cases with other urogenital diseases were analyzed using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) IMAC-Cu-3 ProteinChip technology,which can specifically bind the metal-combining-proteins.Proteomic spectra were generated by mass spectrometry.A blinded test set was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the differentially expressed markers. Results Four differentialy expressed potential markers were identified.Their corresponding molecular weights were 3445,3703,3896 and 5932, respectively.The 3445 protein was identified as ?-defensin,with its sensitivity for diagnosing bladder cancer being 80% and specificity being 75%.The sensitivity of 3703 protein was 32%,while its specificity was 94%.97% of the patients who were positive for 3703 protein were with high grade and invasive bladder cancer.The sensitivity for 3896 and 5932 proteins were 78% and 55%;the specificity for them were 40% and 35%,respectively. Conclusions SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip technology is a quick,easy and practical,high throughput analytic method.It can screen out several relatively specific,potential markers from urine of bladder cancer patients,so it has better clinical feasibility.

Pediatrics internship is a bridge that brings medical theory into clinical reality.Cultivate systematic clinical thinking during internship is the key to the growth of clinical doctors.Good outcome has been achieved among these eight-year medical students by using teaching methods such as case discussions,lectures,teacher instructions,which can cultivate proper clinical thinking and make students more active.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics,thissue distribution and secretion of nerve growth factor(NGF)in mice.Methods:The conecntration of NGF in various body fluids and tissue were determined by isotope tracer combined SDSPAGE method.Results:The plasma concenmtration-time curve was in accordance with the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model.The elimation half-life(t1/2β)was 3.1.The half-life of distribution(t1/2ka)was 5min.Tpeak was 25 min.AUC was 72.4 mg·kg-1·h-1.The concentrations of NGF were high in thyroid,blood,submaxillary glands,superior cervical ganglion,adrenasl and kidneys.Conclusion:NGF has a wide distribution,high tissue concentrationa nd excrtet mainly through the urine.

Objecitv e To investigate the effects of a recombinant protein osteoclast inhibitory lectin related protein 2( OCILRP2)-Fc on LPS-induced endotoxemia by blocking OCILRP 2 signaling pathway and to in-vestigate the roles of OCILRP2 during inflammation.Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect OCILRP2 ex-pression at mRNA level in RAW264.7cells before and after in vitro stimulation with LPS.A mouse model of en-dotoxemia was established by intraperitoneal injection of BALB /c mice with a median lethal dose of LPS .Two hours prior to LPS treatment, mice were intraperitoneally injected with OCILRP2-Fc, human IgG or PBS, re-spectively .Several parameters including the survival rate of BALB/c mice with and without LPS treatment , spleen weight for arterial hyperemia analyzing , histopathological changes of lung and liver by HE staining , serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-αand IFN-γ)by ELISA , NF-κB activity by Western blot, were analyzed .Results Real-time PCR showed that LPS elevated in vitro OCILRP2 expression at mRNA level in macrophages (P<0.05).Upon the treatment of OCILRP2-Fc, BALB/c mice suffered from endotoxemia showed obviously increased survival rate , decreased spleen hyperemia , attenuated pathological injury of lung and liver, reduced levels of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-αand IFN-γin serum samples (P <0.05) as compared with mice treated with human IgG and PBS .LPS induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and IκB degradation were inhibited by OCILRP2-Fc treatment.Conclusion OCILRP2-Fc protects mice from endotoxemia by blocking OCILRP 2 signaling, which suggests that OCILRP2 plays an important role in LPS induced inflammation.

Intraocular pressure detection has a great significance for understanding the status of eye health, prevention and treatment of diseases such as glaucoma. Traditional intraocular pressure detection needs to be held in the hospital. It is not only time-consuming to doctors and patients, but also difficult to achieve 24 hour-continuous detection. Microminiaturization of the intraocular pressure sensor and wearing it as a contact lens, which is convenient, comfortable and noninvasive, can solve this problem because the soft contact lens with an embedded micro fabricated strain gauge allows the measurement of changes in corneal curvature to correlate to variations of intraocular pressure. We fabricated a strain gauge using micro-electron mechanical systems, and integrated with the contact lens made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using injection molding. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity was 100. 7 µV/µm. When attached to the corneal surface, the average sensitivity of sensor response of intraocular pressure can be 125.8 µV/mm Hg under the ideal condition.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Tonometry, Ocular ; instrumentation

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an antiangiogenic factor which is effective in tumour inhibition in a variety of tumours and has not yet been studied in bladder tumour before. In this study the expression of PEDF, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -8 (IL-8) in bladder tumours was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 64 bladder tumour and 23 normal uroepithelium samples. Expression change of the factors was compared with clinicopathological parameters. Correlations between PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 were analyzed. None of the factors was in relation to gender, tumour occurrence, and size or onset pattern. PEDF (P=0.014) and IL-1α (P=0.049) expression was down-regulated with grade progression. PEDF expression was lower in normal uroepithelium than in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (P=0.000) and carcinoma (P=0.009) whilst IL-1α (P=0.000 and P=0.000 respectively) and IL-8 (P=0.000 and P=0.023 respectively) expression was higher in the same grouping. PEDF expression had a negative correlation with IL-8 in PUNLMP (P=0.049, r=-0.578) as well as in tumour grouping (P=0.033, r=-0.276). Deranged expressional change of PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 could be in relation to loss of differentiation from normal uroepithelium to papillary lesion and eventually to carcinoma.

Objective:In order to get recombinant protein OCILRP 2-Fc and anti-OCILRP2 antibody for further study of OCILRP2.Methods:Eukaryotic expression vector pIg-CD5-OCILRP2 which fused with extracellular domain of OCILRP 2 and human IgG1 Fc fragment was constructed.G418 was used for stable expression cell strain after pIg-CD5-OCILRP2 transfected into CHO cells.Recombinant protein OCILRP 2-Fc purified from CHO cell supernatant was used to immunize rabbit and anti-OCILRP2 polyclonal antibody was purified from rabbit serum by using protein G column.Results: ELISA data showed that we got a high-titer anti-serum and anti-OCILRP2 antibody purified from the rabbit serum.Western blot indicated this antibody could specifically bind to OCILRP 2-Fc and OCILRP2 in NIH/3T3 lysate.OCILRP2 expression in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells ( DC) was detected by this polyclonal antibody ,too.Compared to immature DC ,OCILRP2 expression was elevated in LPS induced-mature DC.Conclusion: This study has offered an available tool and provided a clue for further study of the roles of OCILRP 2 in immune response.

Objective To investigate whether the percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)under sedation and analgesia can in-crease the energy deposition and curative efficiency of the high intensity focused ultrsound(HIFU)in treating unresectable middle and advanced stages of primary liver cancer.Methods Thirty-six cases of clinically diagnosed unresectable middle and advanced sta-ges of primary liver cancer were randomly divided into the PEI+ HIFU group(combination group,n = 23)and the simple HIFU group (HIFU group,n=13);10mL of the mixture of 99.7% ethanol and iodized oil (9:1)was given by intratumoral injection at 30 min before ablation in the PEI+HIFU group,while 0.9% physiological saline 10mL was replaced in the simple HIFU group.The ablation energy efficiency factor(EEF)and irradiation time were compared between the two groups.Results The ablation EEF in the PEI+HIFU group and the simple HIFU group were (13.82+4.26)J/mm3 and (25.63+6.31)J/mm3 respectively,the PEI+HIFU group was significantly lower than the simple HIFU group (P <0.05);the irradiation time were (1 468.28+253.21)s and (2 352.56+463.34)s respectively;which in the PEI+ HIFU group was significantly shortened (P <0.05).Conclusion PEI can enhance the HIFU ablation energy deposition and improve the efficiency of HIFU for treating unresectable primary liver cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate norovirus infection status and indentify its epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution in infantile viral diarrhea in Jiangsu.MethodsFour hundred and ninety-eight fecal specimens of infantile virus diarrhea cases were collected from Suzhou Children's hospital and Nanjing Children's hospital in 2010.Norovirus genegroup were detected by real-time RT-PCR,and genetype were determined by sequence analysis.Results Among all fecal specimens,2 (0.4％) cases were positive for norovirus G Ⅰ,and 190 (38％) cases for G Ⅱ.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that in the 2 samples for G Ⅰ,one strain was G Ⅰ 1 and another was G Ⅰ 3.Twenty-one strains were belonged to G Ⅱ 4 and 2 strains were G Ⅱ 3 in the 23 samples for G Ⅱ.ConclusionAs one of the most important pathogens causing infantile viral diarrhea in Jiangsu province,subtype G Ⅱ 4 was the main epidemic strain of norovirus,meanwhile other genotypes also existed.

Objective: To investigate the duration of Norovirus (NoV) shedding among infected school children during a NoV outbreak in a kindergarten,and to provide scientitic basis for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: Specimens and epidemiological data were collected from suspected cases, and specimens were detected using real-time RT-PCR to determine whether or not infecting with NoV. Specimens were collected every 3-7 days from NoV-infected children until specimens became negative for NoV. Results: A total of 14 suspected cases were reported, and 12 of them were infected with NoV. The average duration of NoV shedding was (26.58±17.94)d. The specimens among 9 from 12 Nov-infected cases were positive at 7 days, 8 NoV-intected cased remained positive at 14 days and 7 Non-infected cased at least 21 days. Conclusion Since NoV shedding duration among NoV-infected children tends to longer than their isolation time during outbreaks, reinforcement of hygiene practices among these school children is especially necessary to reduce the risk of virus secondary transmissions after their return to school.