Pancreatic encephalopathy(PE)is one of the severe complications in acute pancreati-tis,which is characterized by a group of neurological signs and symptoms. Itˊs very difficult to have an early diagnosis,while the morality of PE is very high and the prognosis is very poor. Eliminating causes of pan-creatic encephalopathy,early diagnosis and combined therapy are the keys to achieve good curative effects. This paper reviewed the recent progress in the main mechanisms,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and therapy of PE.

Objective To study the growth and development as well as reproductive capacity of CL Long Evans rats. Methods Eighty CL Long Evans rats(80 days old)were bred in a barrier system. A monogamous mating system is used to reproduce 5 litters. Their main indexes of growth and reproduction were determined. The body weight gain of 60 second litter rats were analyzed from day 20 to 100. Results The number and weight of the fetus, the weaning time weight per cote and per litter in the second litter were the highest, and the fifth litter was the lowest. The growth and development curve was the same as that announced by Taconic. Conclusion Long Evans rats have been confirmed suitable for continual reproduction for 4 litters and the second litter is the best one for mating.

Aim To find out the effect of the different organic solvents extracts and plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica L.on EMT-6 breast cancer of BALB/C mouse and transplanted S180 of KM mouse primarily.Method Experiments of animal transplanted tumor in vivo were adopted.Results ① The high dose of chloroform group and plumbagin group could inhibit the growth of EMT-6 breast cancer in BALB/C mice in vivo.Compared with that of physiological saline group,tumor weight has obviously lightened(P

Objective Visceral hypersensitivity is an important feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This investigation was to establish an animal model of visceral hypersensitivity associated with IBS, and to test its effectiveness by two different ways. Methods The model was established by intrarectal administration of acetic acid daily in the neonatal rats between postnatal 8 and 21 days. The threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) was evaluated during rectal distension at postnatal 6,8 and 10 weeks respectively, and the changes of rectal sensitivity were identified by the abdominal electrical activity measured at postnatal 12 weeks. Results In contrast to neonatal rats subjected to saline intrarectally (NS group) and adult rats subjected to acetic acid intrarectally (AA group), neonatal rats subjected to acetic acid intrarectally(NA group) showed a significant decrease(P

Objective To investigate the molecular expression and clinical significance of Vimentin and E-cadherin during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues.Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma and paracancerous tissue were collected from 55 patients,while nonneoplastic nonnal liver tissue were collected from 20 patients without cancerous diseases as control group.Expressions of Vimentin and E-cadherin were examined by immunohistochemistry staining.Clinicopathological features of the relative expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin,and its influence on prognosis were discussed as well.Results Vimentin was positively expressed in 69.1％ cancer tissue,and was significantly higher than paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues(P ＜ 0.05).E-cadherin was positively expressed in 27.3％ cancer tissue and was significantly lower compared with paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin was negatively correlated(r =-0.653,P ＜ 0.05).Vimentin expressions in subgroups of TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,poor differentiation,multiple tumor nodules,metastasis and recurrence were all significantly higher than the respective subgroups as TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ] (x2 =7.267,P ＜ 0.05),moderate to well differentiation (x2 =4.045,P ＜ 0.05),single tumor node (x2=12.143,P ＜0.05),without metastasis or recurrence (x2 =7.267,P ＜ 0.05).On the contrary,Ecadherin showed higher expression in the subgroup of single tumor node compared with multiple tumor nodules(x2 =6.878,P ＜ 0.05).The follow-up of patients further demonstrated that patients with positive Vimentin expression had a significantly lower disease-free survival compared with the Vimentin negative group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Vimentin and E-cadherin both participated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of hepatocellular carcinoma.High expression of Vimentin and low expression of E-cadherin were closely correlated with occurrence and development of HCC.Vimentin and E-cadherin may serve as impottant biomarkers in clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of HCC.

BackgroundMouse has been used in laboratory studies as the model of ocular diseases.Electroretinogram (ERG)is a non-invasive method for primary examination to evaluate retinal function.Though flash ERG has been widely applied in the mouse ocular disease model for the functional assessment of the retinal outer layer,pattern ERG(PERG) is seldom used for inner retinal evaluation.ObjeetiveThe present experimental study was to investigate the recording parameters and method,wave characteristics of PERG and influencing factors in mouse,and to build the foundation for further research.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks old were included in this research.RETLport ( Roland Consult,Germany) was adopted for the recording of PERG.The positive needle electrode was placed in the cornea,and the reference and earth electrodes were placed under the derma in the cheek and tail.The PERG under different temporal frequencies (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 Hz),and special frequencies (0.05,0.10,0.20 cpd) were recorded in a photopic environment,and different contrast ratio (95％ and 99％ ) of stimulator or different transmission bands ( 1-100 Hz,5-30 Hz) in the same temporal frequency and spatial frequency were regulated to analyze the influence on mouse PERG.The use of animals was in compliance to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe latency of N1 PERG showed a negative N1wave at around 37 ms and positive P wave at about 86 ms in adult mice.The amplitude of N1-P was 2-6 μV.Different spatial frequency,temporal frequency and contrast can affect the final results,and the different temporal frequencies were statistically significant.The wave was stable and the amplitude was unaffected at 5-30 Hz transmission bands with pronounced interference (mean amplitude of N1-P waves were(3.40±0.71),(5.08±0.88),(3.21±1.54),(3.85±1.96)μV in 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 Hz,F=7.43,P=0.00).ConclusionsPERG wave from adult mouse is similar to that from human.It is a useful method in evaluating the inner retinal function.Appropriate stimulating parameters are critical for recording.

Objective To investigate the lowest concentration of iodine contast medium which can ensure CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging quality at tube voltage of 80 kVp.Methods Ten New Zealand rabbits underwent CTPA four times every three days with the iodine concentrations of contrast medium at each time were 350,300,270 and 250 mg I/mL respectively.The attenuation values of trunk pulmonary artery and air around the body on the same level,as well as right and left pulmonary arteries,and the pulmonary artery branches were compared among different groups.Meanwhile,image noise (N),contrasvto-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were calculated.All those data were analyzed with One way classification ANOVA test.When multiple samples compared,Dunnett-t test was employed.The pulmonary arteries were divided into large and small arteries and assessed by multiple sample Kruskal-Wallis H test and analyzed with LSD-t test when multiple samples compared.When the attenuation of trunk pulmonary artery of different viewers or the different times of the same viewer compared,paired t test was employed.Wilcoxon signed rank testing was employed for comparing the scores of pulmonary arteries among different groups.Results All the images of CTPA could demonstrate sixthorder branches of pulmonary artery.The attenuation of pulmonary arteries of the 300-group was the highest,however no statistical difference was found between 270 and 300-group [major pulmonary arteries:(687.17±167.83) HU,(848.68±185.03) HU,t=-161.52,P =0.097].The CNR (6.3±1.30) and SNR (10.9±2.01) of the 270-group were the highest (t=-45.99,P=0.008;t=3.73,P=0.088),and N (62.84±6.05) was the lowest (t=-11.09,P=0.016).No statistical difference was found between 270-group and other 3 groups.And for the subjective scores of large arteries,no statistical differences (from 350-group to 250 group,3.91±0.35,3.90±0.38,3.90±0.42 and 3.86±0.42,H=6.588,P=0.086) were found.The scores of small arteries of 270-group were lower than those of 350 and 300 group,but the image quality of 270-group (3.34±0.51) met the diagnostic requirements.Conclusion When the tube voltage being 80 kVp,the contrast medium of 270 mg I/mL is more suitable for rabbits' CTPA.Thus,the iodine dose per unit can decrease effectively.

BACKGROUND:As a traditional treatment for multilevel cervical myelopathy,nterior long-segmental decompression has the shortcomings of great operative trauma,high difficulty,low fusion rate,etc.,which can affect the postoperative efficacy.OBJ ECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of three different anterior surgeries on multilevel cervical myelopathy.DESIGN:A comparative observation.SETTING:Department of Orthopaedics,Changzheog Hospital,the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-six patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy of 3 consecutive segments,who were surgically treated,were selected from the Department of Orthopaedics,Changzheng Hospital,the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from June 1999 to June 2003,including 25 males and 11 females,35-62 years of age,the disease course ranged from 3 to 26 months. According to the clinical manifestations and imaging esults,they were diagnosed as multilevel cervical myelopathy,and they were not suffering from consecutive ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of ligamenta flava. Informed contents were obtained from all the patients and their relatives.METHODS:All the patients were grafted with utologous bone. Autologous ilium or cancellous bone excluding vertebral body was filled into titan net or Cage,which were made of titan and characterized by high intensity,tolerance to decay,good biocompatibility,etc. According to the operative manner,the patients were divided into 3 groups:① two-level corpectomy with fusion group(long-segmental decompression group,n =11):There were 4 cases grafted with long-titan net,and 7 cases grafted with autologous iliac bone. Sub-total two-level corpectomy with fusion was performed. ②segmental decompression group(n =16):including 12 cases of titan net+cage graft,4 cases of autologous bone+cage graft. One-level decompression and sub-total single corpectomy with fusion were performed. ③three-level decompression group(n =9):Only discectomy without corpectomy was performed. After complete decompression,3cages were used to fill artificial bone or grafted with autologous bone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Cervical anteroposterior and lateral radiographies,flexion and extension radiograph were reexamined within 1 week and at 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively. The neurological function was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scoring method preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The total score was 17 points,the higher the score,the better the neurological function. The duration of operation,perioperative bleeding amount,length of stay,cost of hospitalization,graft fusion at 3 months postoperatively,improved JOA score at 3 months postoperatively were recorded in the three groups. The occurrence of postoperative complications was observed by means of return visit.RESULTS:All the 36 patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy were involved in the analysis of results. The mean duration of operation,mean perioperative bleeding amount and mean length of stay in the segmental-decompression group and three-level decompression group were obviously fewer or shorter than those in the long-segmental decompression group(P ＜ 0.05),and the average cost of hospitalization was obviously higher than that in the long-segmental decompression group(P ＜ 0.05). The postoperative improved JOA score and graft fusion rate were close among the groups(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Segmental anterior cervical decompression is a recommendable technique for multilevel cervical myelopathy by comprehensively considering the fusion rate,recovery of neurological function,duration of operation,perioperative bleeding and length of stay.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of propofol on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in thoracic aorta of hypertensive rats.MethodsHealthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 240-280 g were used in this study.Hypertension was induced by subcutaneous deoxycorticosterone 25 mg/kg twice a week for consecutive 7 weeks.Sixty-four hypertensive rats were randomly divided into four groups (n ＝ 16 each):hypertension group (group H),low,medium and high dose propofol group ( groups P1,P2,P3 ).Groups P1,P2 and P3 received infusion of propofol at a rate of 20,30 and 40 mg* kg- 1 · h- 1 for 3 h respectively,while group H received equal volume normal saline instead of propofol.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored and recorded before,1 h and 3 h after the start of propofol or normal saline infusion.All animals were sacrificed at 3 h of intravenous administration.Blood samples were collected by taking out the eyeballs for determination of serum NO concentrations by nitrate reductase method.The expression of eNOS mRNA,iNOS mBNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The expression of eNOS and iNOS protein was determined by Western blot.ResultsCompared to group H,MAP was decreased significantly,the serum NO concentrations were increased significantly,the expression of eNOS mRNA and protein in thoracic aorta was up-regulated,and the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in thoracic aorta was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner in groups P1,P2 and P3 ( P < 0.05 or 0.01 ).ConclusionPropofol can down-regulate iNOS expression and up-regudate eNOS expression in endothelial cells of thoracic aorta and promote NO release in hypertensive rats,Which is the mechanism of propofol decreasing pressure.

Objective To obtain a stably inherited Sprague-Dawley rat model of congenital umbilical hernia by in-breeding, and to observe the structure of umbilical hernia and treat it surgically.Methods Congenital umbilical hernia rats were fostered by full-sib mating.The birth number and umbilical hernia quantity were recorded, and the umbilical hernia rate of rats was analyzed.Six female and 6 male rats with congenital umbilical hernia of 6-month aged F2 generation were selected randomly, among which 2 female and 2 male rats were examined anatomically, and the rest rats underwent surgical suture. Results The umbilical hernia rate was increased along with the increasing inbreeding coefficient, and the rats of F12 and F13 generations were all with congenital umbilical hernia.The umbilical hernia rate in female rats was significantly higher than that in male rats based on the total number of rats from F1 to F13 generation (c2 =11.1, P=0.001).Female and male rats had the same structure of umbilical hernia, and all rats recovered 3-4 weeks after surgery without recurrence.Conclusion After 13 consecutive generations of full-sib mating, a rat model of congenital umbilical hernia with stable genetic properties is successfully established.