The authors explained the process of organizing and implementing of the designed experiments.The designed experi- ments can improve students' creative thinking ability and activate students'initiative and meanwhile,it can improve teachers' level and contribute to making progress in teaching and studying although there are still some problems to solve.

Based on the structure and function of acupoint and in association of the definition and principle of sensor, the acupoint is the sensitive element, being sensitive to the physical stimulation with acupuncture and moxibustion and sensitively responded to the disorders; the acupoint is the sensing element, transforming the changes of the acupoint information via the complicated internet conduction, integration and regulation, so as to generate the effects on organic body; the acupoint is the conversion element, transforming every irritation into the bioelectric signal or optical signal so that the organic body could recognize it. Therefore, the acupoint is regarded as the sensor of information in the organic body.
Acupuncture Points ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians

OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of Han's acupoint and nerve stimulator (HANS) electroacupuncture on the expression of NPY in periaqueductal grey (PAG) of heroin addicted rats.

METHODSHeroin was injected subcutaneously according to the principle of daily increasing dose in rats of experimented group. The ability of special learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze; The expression of NPY in PAG of rat were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Escape latency and searching distance in heroin-addiction group were significantly increased compared with those of normal group during the place navigation test (P < 0.05). However, in acupuncture group, escape latency and searching distance was obviously shortened compared with those of heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in heroin-addiction group significantly decreased compared with those of normal group during spatial probe test (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in acupuncture group was increased compared with those in heroin-addiction group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of NPY of heroin-addiction group was lower than that in normal group in PAG, while those of acupuncture group was higher than that in the heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe learning and memory induced by heroin-addiction could be reversed and the expression of NPY in PAG was increased by HANS in rats.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Neuropeptide Y ; metabolism ; Periaqueductal Gray ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the distribution of water with high level arsenic and prevalence of arsenism along Huai'he River and the surrounding area of Hong'ze lake in Huai'an of Jiangsu. Methods Wate rsamples were collected and tested in 2008 from 18 villages of 6 towns according to history data in 3 counties like Xuyi,Jinhu and Hongze. Samples having arsenic level higher than 0.05 mg/L were investigated by epidemiological method and the patients were diagnosed by Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism. Results All 5199 water samples were determined,and 260 water samples were exceeding the national drinking water quality level (0.05 mg/L) in 3 counties,the rates of exceeding diagnosis were 5.6%(247/4454),0.7%(4/597),6.0%(9/148) respectively. Total detected rate of endemic arsenic disease was 5.94%(128/2155). The detected rates of age group of 0 ～ ,20 ～,30 ～ ,40 ～ ,50 ～ ,60 ～ ,70 ～ ,80 ～ were 2.86%(1/35),2.11%(2/95),1.26%(3/239),3.10%(16/516),5.53% (32/579),10.07%(41/407),11.84%(27/228),10.71%(6/56) respectively. The detected rate of male (9.10%,78/857) was higher than that of female(3.85%,50/1298,χ~2 = 25.46,P < 0.01). Conclusions Huai'he River and the surrounding areas of Hong'ze lake like Xuyi,Jinhu and Hongze are identified existing endemic arsenic disease area. The prevention of arsenism should be strengthened in these areas.

Objective To explore the gender differences in the genes expression of sarcopenia with bioinformatics. Methods The gene expression profiles downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database were analysed with BRB-Array Tools and STRING,then the protein-protein interaction network was built with Cytoscape. Results There were 152 genes up-regulated and 67 genes down-regulated in sarcopenic men,and 90 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated in women,with the same 47 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated.The gene ontology(GO)terms were found to be more complex in the sarcopenic women.The function analysis showed the same module genes were enriched in regulation of fat cell differentiation,protein kinase inhibitor activity and protein kinase regula-tor activity.In the protein-protein interaction networks,dystrophin,vimentin and tropomyosin α-3 were the most important in men,and metallothionein 1H and dynein light chain in women. Conclusion The nosogenesis of sarcopenia is different between genders from differentially expressed genes,that may be important for the future study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training, only a flat target lesion can usually be simulated in the normal mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of simulated targets in the stomachs of live pigs for complete training. METHODS: Six trained endoscopists with hands-on experience with ex vivo, isolated pig stomachs were enrolled in this pilot study. An endoscopic banding device was used to create a polyp that was snared, leaving an ulcerated lesion. This simulated target model was used to perform ESD in pigs. The en bloc resection rate, procedure time, complications, quality of resection, and participants' opinions on the simulated targets were compared with the conventional model. RESULTS: En bloc resections were achieved in all six simulated targets and six conventional models. The mean size of the resected specimens was 32.2 mm (range, 20 to 39 mm) in the simulated target group and 23.5 mm (range, 11 to 40 mm) in the conventional group. The target model had a high quality of resection and had a high satisfaction rate for margin identification and correct peripheral marking. CONCLUSIONS: Good identification of the lesion and ease of periphery marking in the target model may improve resection quality.
Adult ; Animals ; *Clinical Competence ; Dissection/*education ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*surgery ; Gastroscopy/*education ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Pilot Projects ; Stomach/surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery ; Sus scrofa

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on motor dysfunction in ischemic stroke of subacute stage.

METHODSThe multi-central randomized controlled trial was adopted. One hundred and twenty-six cases of ischemic stroke of subacute stage were randomized into an acupuncture group (61 cases) and a conventional treatment group (65 cases). The basic treatment of western internal medicine and rehabilitation training were applied to the patients of the two groups. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was supplemented at the body points located on the extensor of the upper limbs and the flexor of the lower limbs. In combination, scalp acupuncture was applied to NS5, MS6 and MS6 on the affected side. The treatment was given 5 times a week and totally 8 weeks were required. The follow-up observation lasted for 3 months. The scores in Fugl-Meyer scale and NIHSS scale and Barthel index were compared between the two groups before treatment, in 4 and 8 weeks of treatment and the 3-month follow-up observation after treatment separately.

RESULTSIn 4 and 8 weeks of treatment and the follow-up observation, Fugl-Meyer scale score was improved obviously in the patients of the two groups (all P<0. 01). In 8 weeks of treatment and the follow-up observation, Fugl-Meyer scale score in the acupuncture groupwas im proved much apparently as compared with that in the conventional treatment group [68. 0 (43. 0,86. 5) vs 52. 5 (30.3, 77.0), 77.0 (49.5, 89.0) vs 63. 0 (33.0, 84.0), both P<0. 05]. Except that NIHSS scale score was not reduced apparently in 4 weeks of treatment in the conventional treatment group (P>0.05), the results of NIHSS scale at the other time points were all decreased obviously as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0. 01). In 8 weeks of treatment and the follow-up observation, the results in the acupuncture group were reduced much apparently as compared with those in the conventional treatment group [5. 0 (3.0,8.0) vs 7. 0 (3.0,13.8), 4. 0 (1.5,7.0) vs 6.0 (2.0,11.7) ,both P<0. 05]. In 8 weeks of treatment and the follow-up observation, Barthel index was improved obviously as compared with that before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0. 05). The improvement in the acupuncture group was much more significant as compared with the conventional treatment group [75. 0 (60. 0,87. 5) vs 65. O (36. 3, 87. 5), P<0. 051.

CONCLUSIONBased on the conventional treatment, Acupuncture achieves the satisfactory clinical efficacy on motor dysfunction in ischemic stroke of subacute stage.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney.

METHODSThe clinical features, histological and immunohistochemical findings were analyzed in 3 cases of tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney, along with review of the related literatures.

RESULTSThree patients were males with a mean age of 59 years old (range from 44 to 71 years). All presented with no symptom and their tumors were found during routine examination. The tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 cm in greatest dimension. The tumors were grossly well-circumscribed without capsules and exhibited a spongy cut surface. Microscopically, all three tumors were composed of tubules and cysts of varying sizes separated by thin fibrous septa. The epithelial lining cells were flat, cuboidal and columnar, with often a hobnail-like appearance characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with prominent nucleoli. Two cases showed focal clear cytoplasm. One of the three cases coexisted with a papillary renal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, all 3 cases showed positivity for pan-CK, vimentin, CK19, CD10, P504S, and focal positivity for 34βE12. Two cases showed focal positivity for CK7.

CONCLUSIONSTubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney is a rare kidney neoplasm and occurs predominantly in males. The tumor is characterized by gross spongy appearance and microscopic cysts and tubules often lined by hobnail-like cells and separated by thin fibrotic stroma. The differential diagnosis mainly includes other lesions of the kidney that have a multicystic growth pattern.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism

A portable ECG monitor is introduced in the paper, which has a temporary intravenous and transesophageal fixable rate pacing function. During the PSVT attack, the tachyarrythmia can be stopped by the transesophageal cardiac pacing while the ECG signals are monitored. The instrument has some advantages such as small size, low price and good practicality. It is worth while introducing and popularizing it to all hospitals.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Heart Block ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; classification ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; Tachycardia ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of Oridonin injection on heterotransplanted tumors of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC823 cells in nude mice and explore its mechanism.

METHODSHeterotransplanted models of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC823 cells in nude mice were established. They were divided at random into three groups as control group, low-dose group and high-dose group. The Oridonin solution at concentration of 37.5 mg x kg(-1 x d(-1) and 75 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) were injected to the mice in low-dose group and high-dose group, respectively, and 0.9% sodium chloride was injected to the mice of control group per day for 10 days sequentially. The mice of the three groups were sacrificed at 11th day after the first injection of Oridonin. The tumor weight of the sacrificed mice was measured. Morphological and ultrastructural examinations of the tumors were carried out by light and electron microscopy. The expression of bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSOridonin injection showed a suppressive effect on the growth of heterotransplanted tumors in the nude mice. The tumor growth inhibition rates were 48.5% and 70.7% in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The morphological study demonstrated that tumor cells displayed a typical appearance of apoptosis. The expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated, while Bax, Fas and FasL were up-regulated.

CONCLUSIONOridonin can markedly inhibit the growth of heterotransplanted human gastric adenocarcinoma in nude mice. It was due, at least in part, to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diterpenes, Kaurane ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Injections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism