The afferant projections and their chemical nature from the midbrain raphe nuclei and periaqueductal gray to the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus were st- udied by HRP retrograde tracing combined with PAP immunocytochemical method Following injections of HRP into the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus, and reactions by HRP and PAP were performed subsequently. The double labelling cells containing HRP-positive granules and substance P-like immunoreactivity were found in various areas of brain, that is, the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve,nucleus gracilis,nucleus cuneatus, bilateral ventrola- teral divisions of the periaqueductal gray and midbrain raphe nuclei.A comparison of cell counts of double labeled cells with the total HRP-labeled cells indicated that the cells observed in the dorsal raphe nuclei were 21?7 in each rat, which constituted 48% of total HRP-labeling cells; The double labeling neurons in nuclei raphe centralis superior were found in two cases only, the cell bodies were very sparse and distributed mainly in the caudal area of these nuclei The double labeling cells were detected in bilateral ventrolateral divisions of periaqu- eductal gray, predominantly ipsilaterally. The double labeling cells observed in each rat were 26?9 ipsilaterally and 11?4 contralateraIly. The numbers of double labeling cells were 38% of the total counts of HRP-labeling cells in each side. These results above indicate that the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus receives afferent projections from midbrain raphe nuclei and ventrolateral division of periaqueductal gray and in the pathway, a part of substance P-positive neurons are exhibited. Therefore, this study provides evidence for existance ascending projection of substance P-like immunoreactivity.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect and adverse reaction of capecitabine as first-line monotherapy in elderly patients with stage Ⅱa breast cancer.Methods:From June 2002 to June 2005,71 elderly patients with stage Ⅱa breast cancer received chemotherapy(different scheme:capecitabine group and CEF group) after operation.The efficacies and adverse reactions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results:The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients in capecitabine group were 97.06% and 94.12%,respectively; the relapse rate was 5.88%; all were comparable to those of CEF group. One of the advantages of capecitabine was its oral administration. The adverse effect of capecitabine was mainly hand-foot syndrome,with an incidence of 82.35%,but was tolerable. The gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow repression in capecitabine group were significantly lower than those in the CEF group(P

PEI Xue-yi has 60 years,experience in treating pediatric diseases with traditional Chinese medicine,especially obtains good effect in children's nephrapiathy.Based on the regulation and characteristics of children's zang-fu,yin-yang,blood-qi and children's nephrapiathy,he makes different therapeutic plans in different phases.In clinical treatment,he emphasizes the lung,the spleen and the kidney and combines syndrome differentiation with disease diagnosis.Eliminaing pathogens,excessive damp-heat is used in acute phase and strengthening healthy qi,securing the spleen and kidney is used in recovery phase.Children's nephrapiathy is treated by three phases as the edema,protein urine and rescovery stage.He adopts the methods of dispersing lung qi and invigorating spleen for diuresis,clearing heat-damp,nourishing spleen and kidney,nourishing yin for protecting lower jiao.

Background The visual system of animal have to optimally adjust in various environmental conditions in order to obtain stable and effective visual funetion.However,the color vision system of animals which encounter uncertainty of spectral signals should be plastic.Whether the densities of various cones and expression of opsins change with long-time spectral deprivation is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the changes of cone density as well as the expression of corresponding opsin and mRNA following the long-term illumination of monochromatic light.Methods Thirty 3-day-old guinea pigs were randomized into 3 groups and exposed tO the 530 nm green light,400 nm purple light and white light for consecutive 8 weeks respectively.The flat-mounted retinal sample was prepared and divided into dorsal zone,ventral zone and mixed zone anatomically according to the distribution of difierent light-sensitive cone.The changes in density of cone cells sensitivited to different colored light were detected by single-1abel or double-label immunocytochemistry.The levels of opsin and its mRNA were determined using Western-blot and real-time PCR respectively.Results The density of green-sensitivity cones was significantly different in the dorsal zone of retina among green light group,purple light group and white light group (F=234.28,P<0.01).Compared with white light group,the density of green-sensitive cones in dorsal retina of green light group was obviously higher but that of purple light group wag evidently lower(q=389.68,P<0.01；q=67.11,P<0.01).No significant difference was found in the density of purple-sensitive cones in the ventral zone of retina among green light group,purple light group and white light group(F=3.14,P>0.05).The density of coexpression of the mixed cone cells was increased in green light group(q=157.55,P<0.01)but decreased in purple light roup (q=254.85,P<0.01)in comparison with white light group.The expression levels of green-opsin and green-opsin mRNA in green light group was significantly elevated(q=184.45,P<0.01；q=4.71,P<0.05),but those of purple light group were evidently declined(q=5.87,P<0.05；q=346.66,P<0.01)in comparison with white light group.There was no statistically significant differences were found in the expression of purple-opsin and its mRNA among all the groups(F=1.24,P>0.05；F=3.27,P>0.05).Conclusion After the exposure of long-time monochromatic light illumination,monochromatic cones density and its opsin in guinea pig occur the corresponding alteration to gain good spatial vision as a compensatory reaction.These outcomes imply that there is some plasticity during the development of color vision.The increase of green-sensitive cones might be from the differentiation of coexpression cones in transition region.

The original strain was treated with UV combining LiCl. The total carotenoid yield of the strain UL-61 was 7.62mg/L, the maximal yield of astaxanthin had reached 616.8?g/g under 25℃. 8 variables including fermentation temperature, initial pH were optimized by Plackett-Burman design and Response Surface Analysis of SAS software. The temperature, initial pH and corn steep liquor were the major factors. The optimal conditions were predictted to be 16.78℃, pH4.73 and 7.06 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the theroretical maximal yield of carotenoid was 3.9407 mg/L and the practical maximal yield was about 3.9261mg/L. The carotenoid production was increased by 20.4% when Phaffia rhodozyma was cultivated under the optimal conditions as compared with the control.

Objective To investigate clinical curative effect of partial foraminotomy after C4.5 ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) on preventing C5 nerve root palsy.Methods A total of 155 patients with OPLL were treated with expansion open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) between January 2008 and October 2012,including 75 male patients and 80 female patients,with average age of 54.5 (ranging from 38 to 75).Among them,90 cases took EOLP (open team),and 65 cases took EOLP and C4.5 partial foraminotomy (incision team).Clinical curative effect and imaging evaluation were used in 8 weeks and 12 months after operation.JOA scores,JOA scores improvement rate,C5 nerve root palsy occurrence rate,neurological function of patients with C5 nerve root palsy and the prognosis,cervical curvature index,opening angular variation,backward drift distance of anterior margin and posterior margin of the spinal cord were evaluated after 8 weeks and 1 year after the surgery.Results The operation time was 90-140 min,with the average time of 110±14 min;mean bleeding volume was 160±45 ml (ranging from 100 to 250 ml);follow-up visit time was 15.4 months on average (ranging from 12 to 18 months).JOA score and improvement rate after 8 weeks and 1 year of the operation have no statistical significance.The C5 nerve root palsy occurrence rate in open team was 8.89％ (8/90),while that in incision team was 4.62％ (3/65).The difference of two groups has statistical significance.C5 nerve root palsy all happened in laminar opening side.Comparison of cervical curvature index of two groups before the operation and after 8 weeks of the operation and inter-group comparison have no statistical significance.The difference between laminar opening angle after 1 year of the operation and laminar opening angle after 8 weeks has no statistical significance.The difference of backward drift distance of anterior margin of the spinal cord at different time after the operation and inter-group difference have no statistical significance.The difference in backward drift distance of posterior margin of the spinal cord between 1 year after the operation and 8 weeks after the operation has no statistical significance.Conclusion Treating OPLL with EOLP and C4.5 partial foraminotomy can reduce occurrence rate of C5 nerve root palsy,but has no significant influence on JOA score improvement rate.

Objective To study the incidence of osteopenia in patients with initial systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Investigate the levels of the vitamin D (VitD) endocrine system in peripheral blood of SLE patients and its relation to bone mineral density (BMD). Analyse the relationship between the estrogen receptor (ER) and BMD and evaluate the role of ER in the pathogenesis osteopenia. Methods Serum levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD_3 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The gene expression levels of VitD receptor (VDR) and ER were determined by real-time PCR. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. Results The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of bone loss at both sites of measurement compared with normal controls (P < 0. 05). The levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls(P<0.01 both). There is no difference in the levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD_3 between the osteopenia SLE group and the normal BMD SLE group (P > 0. 05, P > 0. 05). There are no correlations between the Vitd and BMD in initial SLE patients (P>0.05 both). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in the initial SLE patients compared with the normal controls(P<0.01). There was no difference in VDR gene expression between osteopenia SLE group and normal BMD SLE group (P>0.05). The VDR gene expression does not correlate with the bone mass (P>0.05). The levels of ER-β gene expression are higher in the initial SLE group than the normal controls (P<0.01).Conclusions The incipient SLE patients may have lower BMD than expected. SLE patients present abnormal VitD endocrine system and higher ER-β mRNA expression than those in normal controls, but these weren't concerned with osteopenia.

Objective ① To investigate the level of the vitamin D endocrine system in peripheral relationships with bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease activity respectively. Methods The level of the 25-hydroxylate vitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)D3] in plasma from 43 SLE patients and 44 normal controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression was determinied by real-time PCR in peripheral blood. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. The relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the bone mass were studied. We also discussed the relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity. Results The levels of 25OHD3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls (P<0.01, P<0.01). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in initial SLE compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of osteopenia (35%) at both sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients were divided into two groups by BMD, abnormal group and normal group. There were no differences in 25OHD3, 1,25 (OH)D3 and VDR gene expression (P0.05). There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and BMD in initial SLE patients. There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity either. Conclusion Vitamin D endocrine system may play an important role in SLE, but the level of VDR gene is not correlated with BMD and disease activity.

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of nm23-H1 gene on proliferation and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. METHODS: Recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-nm23-H1 containing full length of human nm23-H1 cDNA was constructed and transfected into a human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line by lipofectamine. Cell strain that expressed nm23-H1 stably was screened out by G418 and named pcDNA-nm23-A549. Expression of nm23-H1 was identified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Growth curves were drawn to detect the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Cell cycle of pcDNA-nm23-A549 was examined by flow cytometry. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the filopodia on the surface of the cells. RESULTS: Introduction of nm23-H1 obviously inhibited the proliferation of A549. Expression of nm23-H1 did not induce apotosis in A549 cells but increased the percentage of phase G_1 cells and decreased phase S cells. Meanwhile, phase G_1 to phase S transition was restrained. Filopodia in the cell surface was much fewer and its structure changed in cells transformed. CONCLUSION: nm23-H1 is capable of inhibiting A549 proliferation and decreasing its metastatic ability, probably by interfering with cell cycle and cell surface structure.

·AIM:To present a case of late onset bilateral keratectasis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses with a brief review of literature on this subject.·METHODS:A 27-year-old woman underwent bilateral uneventful LASIK for moderate myopia. Preoperative cycloplegic refractions were -5.50/-0.50×50° right eye (OD) and - 4.50/-1.00×15° left eye (OS).Corneal pachymetry was 526μm OD and 541μm OS, Preoperative corneal topography was normal and did not reveal any keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus.Following the creation of flaps with 160μm plates,ablations of 102μm OD and 86μm OS were performed,estimated to leave residual stromal beds of 264μm OD and 295μm OS.·RESULTS:Twenty-nine months postoperatively,the patient developed bilateral inferior keratectasia of -12.50/-4.00×160° OD and -6.00/- 4.25×125° OS.Visual acuity was reduced in both eyes;the central cornea had steepened; and pachymetry showed central corneal thinning.Keratectasia was diagnosed,and rigid contact lenses were fitted.Three years later,the patient achieved satisfactory visual acuity and all-day lens wear with minimal complications.·CONCLUSION:Late keratectasia may follow LASIK for low to moderate myopia despite a thorough preoperative work-up.Rigid contact lenses can offer a safe,reversible option for improving visual acuity in such patients by delaying or avoiding the need for intracorneal ring segments implanting or penetrating keratoplasty.