Objective To explore the effects of different period of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)on B cell lymphoma/leukeamia-2 gene(BCL-2)and BCL-2 associated X protein(BAX)of myocard in mice with viral myocarditis.Methods Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group,coxsackie viral B3(CVB3)infection group(infection group),IGF-1-treated group in earlier stage(0-6 d)and acute stage(7-13 d),injected IGF-1 of exogenous in abdominal cavity [30 ?g/(kg?d)].Animals were killed at the 14 day.The immunohistochemical studies and medical imagine analysis system were performed to evaluate the expression of BCL-2 and BAX in myocardial tissue.Results In infection group,the expression of BCL-2 reduced and BAX increased than those of control and treatment group(Pa

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; utilization ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

Objective To investigate the effect of calcium antagonist verapamil on the function of rat?- cells and tolbutamide (D860)-induced insulin release.Methods Insulin released from isolated islets were measured in control,verapamil,D860,and verapamil+D860 groups.Furthermore,intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was conducted in acute experiments treated with verapamil and D860 respectively to assess?-cell function in rats with the same allocation as in vitro.Another IVGTT was performed in the end of 4 weeks' treatment.The insulin contents in pancreas were assayed and pancreas islets morphology were observed with immunohistochemistry.Results Verapamil could inhibit insulin release from isolated islets.Verapamil group was [(1.244?0.082)ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)]and control group (2.623?0.226) ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)(P0.05).Also,similar results were obtained in normal rats during acute experiments and verapamil reduce the hypoglycemic effect promoted by D860. However,above results were not observed in the end of 4 weeks experiments,and no difference for insulin content and morphological change in islets was found among four groups.Conclusion Treatment of verapamil chronically does not impair islet function and interfere with the hypoglycemic effect of D860 in rats .

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside (TPG) component and total phenolic acid of Ligusticum chuanxiong ( TLPA) on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) hypoxic injury. The baseline geometric proportion was used to design different components structure. And then the best structure of components by cell injury model were optimized.

METHODA HUVEC hypoxic injury model was established by being induced of Na2S2O4. Cell viability was measured by MTI colorimetric method, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) levels, nitric oxide (NO) contents were measured by kits. At last, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of two proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax.

RESULTCompared with the model group, TPG component, TLPA component at different composition structures can significantly increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, LDH, NO levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Chuanxiong Rhizoma components can downregulate the expression of Bax protein and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased (P < 0 01, P < 0 05), it means that cell apoptosis was inhibited. The results indicate that among all the component composition structures, TPG and TLPA component at the proportion of 8: 2 had the best protection on hypoxic injury of endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONTPG component and TLPA component can resist HUVEC hypoxia injury, the protective effect was the most evident under the structure of 8: 2, which may be due to the inhibition of intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), a kind of new solid tablet that rapidly disintegrates to work in the mouth, has became the hot form of new drug research in recent years with many advantages, such as the convenient taking, a widely applicable people, fast acting, high bioavailability, good compliance, and so on. ODT has been widely used in chemical medicines, while the application of it in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still in the stage of development The development of TCMs ODT provides a new direction for the research of Chinese medicine new dosage, accelerates the pace of connecting to the world and modernization of Chinese medicine. This dosage has a broad market prospect, and its quality control and assessment standards, taste, the disintegration time in vitro and evaluation method are the key factors that affect the industrialization, standardization of Chinese medicine ODT. Therefore, this paper reviewed the characteristics, preparation, taste masking technology and quality evaluation with new technology of ODT. Meantime, numerous application examples of ODT used in traditional Chinese medicine were described. We expect to provide the reference and utilization for the development of traditional Chinese medicine orally disinteeratine tablets.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Taste

A study on the microbial transformation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was conducted by a fungus, Cunninghamella blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 systematically. After incubation with the cell cultures of C. blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 at 25 degrees C for 7 days on a rotary shaker operating at 135 r x min(-1), GA was converted into one major product and five minor products. The products were extracted and purified by solvent extraction, macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative RP-HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified as 3-oxo-15α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(1), 3-oxo-15β-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (2), 7β,15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3), 3-oxo-7β, 15α-dihydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (4), 7β-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(5) and 15α-hydroxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(6) by the analyses of MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data respectively. Among them, 2 was a new compound. These results suggest that C. blakesleeana CGMCC 3.970 has the capability of selective ketonization and hydroxylation for GA. [Key words] glycyrrhetinic acid; Cunninghamella blakesleeana CGMCC 3. 970; microbial transformation
Biotransformation ; Cunninghamella ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To explore the effects of timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods The rabbit model of SAP was constructed,and 40 experimental rabbits were divided randomly into the experimental group (20 rabbits) and the control group(20 rabbits).(1) The parenteral nutrition (PN) was administered to rabbits in the experimental group,and then EN was administered after bowel sound restoration.(2) EN was administered to the rabbits in the control group at hour 12 after PN.The values of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 on post-modeling day 1,3 and 7 and intra-abdominal pressures at hour 1 before EN and on post-modeling day 1 and 3 were respectively examined.The experimental animals were sacrificed on post-modeling day 7 and 10.The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected by immunohistochemistry and bacteria from mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s.The trend comparison between groups and pairwise comparison were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA and t test.Results The 40 rabbit models of SAP were constructed successfully.(1) The results of serum test showed that the values of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 in the experimental group on post-modeling day 1,3and 7 were (6.9 ±2.1)ng/L,(5.9 ± 1.8) ng/L,(5.3 ± 1.8) ng/L and (109 ± 17) ng/L,(96 ± 16) ng/L,(83 ± 17)ng/L and (89 ±20)ng/L,(78 ±21)ng/L,(70 ± 19)ng/L,respectively.The values of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 in the control group on post-modeling day 1,3 and 7 were (7.4 ± 1.5) ng/L,(7.1 ± 1.6) ng/L (6.8 ±1.7) ng/L and (101 ± 19) ng/L,(98 ± 18) ng/L,(93 ±20) ng/L and (91 ± 14) ng/L,(91 ± 16) ng/L,(83 ±19)ng/L,respectively.There were significant differences in the changing trends of TNF-α and IL-6 between the 2 groups (F =7.947,19.386,P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference in the changing trend of IL-8 between the 2 groups (F =2.756,P ＞ 0.05).(2)The intra-abdominal pressures in the experimental group at hour 1 before EEN and on post-modeling day 1 and 3 were (3.5 ± 1.6) cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa),(4.3 ± 1.7) cmH2Oand (3.6 ± 1.8) cmH2O,which were significantly different from (4.9 ± 1.9) cmH2O,(5.7 ± 2.2) cmH2O and (4.5 ± 1.6)cmH2O in the control group (F =7.042,P ＜0.05).(3) The expression of NF-κB in the tissues of pancreas was localized mainly in the cell nucleus.The expression of NF-κB in the experimental group on postmodeling day 7 was 5.0 ± 2.7,which was significantly different from 7.0 ± 2.9 in the control group (t =2.236,P ＜ 0.05).(4) The amount of bacteria culture from mesenteric lymph nodes in the experimental group on postmodeling day 7 and 10 were (4.7 ±0.9) × 103 cfu/g and (4.1 ±0.7) × 103 cfu/g,which were significantly different from (5.5 ± 1.0) × 103 cfu/g and (4.6 ± 0.7) × 103 cfu/g in the control group (t =2.382,2.126,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The selective timing of EN can effectively improve the recovery of rabbits with SAP,and the efficacy of EN administering based on the recovery of bowel function may be better than immediate EN administering.

Objective To evaluate the b value of diffusion-weighted(DW)MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Three diffusion-weighted sequences were implemented with 500,1000 and 2000 s/mm~2 b values respectively on 95 breast lesions in 83 patients.All lesions were confirmed by pathology.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and signal intensity (SI)were recorded and compared in different lesions(breast cancer,benign lesion,cyst and normal beast tissue)with the same b value and the same lesions with the different b values.Results(1)The mean ADC value and SI of breast cancer were 1.375?0.378 and 839.713?360.493 respectively with b= 500 s/mm~2,1.176?0.311 and 459.314?229.609 with b=1000 s/mm~2,0.824?0.198 and 243.825? 110.616 with b=2000 s/mm~2.The differences in the mean ADC value were significant between two type lesions(cancer and benign lesion,cancer and cyst,cancer and normal breast tissue)with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.But the significant differenee was only seen between cancer and benign lesions when b value was 2000 s/mm~2.(2)The one-side upper limits of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs were adopted as the point to separate the malignant from the benign lesions,the sensitivity was 70.92%, 70.73% and 69.77%,the specificity was 77.19%,75.70% and 54.76%,the accuracy was 77.12%, 74.32% and 62.35% respectively with b values of 500 s/mm~2,1000 s/mm~2 and 2000 s/mm~2.The areas under ROC eurves were Az_(500)=0.775?0.046(P0.05).Conclusion DWI MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.

Objective To explore the relationship between fluconazole resistance and expression of multidrug resistant protein genes,including CDR1,CDR2,MDRI.Methods The total RNA was extracted from fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans isolates,and cDNA was synthesized.The expression of CDR1,CDR2 and MDRl genes was then detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The?CT (threshold cycle) value was obtained by subtracting the CT value of 18S rRNA from that of the targeted gene.Results The?CT value of CDR2 was significantly lower in fluconazole-resistant isolates than in fluconazole- susceptible isolates (7.52?2.53 vs.9.28?3.15,t=2.367,P

Objective To investigate the effects of endothelin-1 on the proliferation of HCT-116 cells. Methods The expression of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors A and B in the HCT-116 cells was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method.The effects of endothelin-1 at different concentrations and action time points on HCT-116 cells were measured by MTT assay and were analyzed by variance analysis.Results The expression of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors A and B at the gene and protein levels in HCT-116 cells was detected.Endothelin-1 had significant effects on the proliferation of HCT-116 cells.The proliferation peak of HCT-116 cells was reached when the concentration of endothelin-1 was 1×10-7mol/L and the action time was 48 hours.Conclusions Endothelin-1 promotes proliferation of HCT-116 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,and the process is mediated by endothelin receptors.