High resolution melting (HRM), based on melting curve analysis, requires not only saturating dyes that fluoresce in the presence of double-stranded DNA, but also higher resolution detection equipment. The melting curve is a novel method for sequence matching, genotyping and mutation scanning. The technology is simple, accurate, rapid, closed-tube, low-cost, and high-throughput, which make it gain more and more applications. This review article presents the basic principles, key factors and both the advantage and limitations of HRM. The potential application is discussed in the study of molecular identity of traditional Chinese medicine.
DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; classification ; Genotyping Techniques ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation

Sixty-three morphological traits from 743 specimens of the 41 taxa within the cultivated Lonicera japonica were observed and measured, such as the height of plants, the length of leaf, the width of leaf, the length of anther, the alabastrum's number of one branch, the color of alabastrum and so on. A numerical taxonomy is presented by using the cluster analysis, principal components analysis (PCA) and factor analysis. Sixteen of 63 characters were screened by means of PCA and used for cluster analysis of 41 taxa with the method of Ward linkage and average euclidean distance. The cluster analysis showed that the 41 taxa could be divided into 5 groups when the Euclidean distance coefficient was 11.84. The factor analysis indicated that the shape of leaf, color of alabastrum, the pilosity and color of twiggery were of significance for the cultivated L. japonica classification. The results of this study will be a base for the core collection and breeding of L. japonica.
Breeding ; China ; Flowers ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci

We collected 22 cultivated population of Lonicera japonica from 17 areas. The characteristics of non-glandular hairs were observed and measured by the scanning electron microscopy. The principal components analysis and correlation analysis were conduct based on length and density of L. japonica. The results showed a significant negative correlation between length and density of non-glandular hairs, and the characteristics of non-glandular was not corrrelated significantly with latitude. The correlation results indicated that the density was a key to separate "Damaohua" and "Jizhuahua". The contribution of climate and soil was important to the cultivated population. This reminded that the characteristics of non-glandular hairs were affected by environmental and genetic interaction.
Lonicera ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; ultrastructure

The DNA demethylase genes are widespread in plants. Four DNA demethylase genes (LJDME1, LJDME2, LJDME3 and LJDME4) were obtained from transcriptome dataset of Lonicera japonica Thunb by using bioinformatics methods and the proteins' physicochemical properties they encoded were predicted. The phylogenetic tree showed that the four DNA demethylase genes and Arabidopsis thaliana DME had a close relationship. The result of gene expression model showed that four DNA demethylase genes were different between species. The expression levels of LJDME1 and LJDME2 were even more higher in Lonicera japonica var. chinensis than those in L. japonica. LJDME] and LJDME2 maybe regulate the active compounds of L. japonica. This study aims to lay a foundation for further understanding of the function of DNA demethylase genes in L. japonica.

Objective To observe the relationship between liver steatosis in rats with long-term high-caloric and high-fat diet and the expression of angiotensinogen(AGT)、uncoupling protein 2(UCP-2)and transforming growth factorβ1(TGFβ1).Then angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB)drugs were given to investigate whether rennin-angiotensin system (RAS)blockade can mitigate the liver steatosis and to probe its mechanisms.Methotis Forty male Wistar rats were divided into normal control group(NC group,n=10),high-calorie and high-fat fed group(HF group,n=10),ARB treated group(AR group,n=10)and ACEI treated group(AE group,n=10).Rats were fed with high-calorie and high-fat diet and given RAS inhibitor drugs(valsartan 40mg/kg to the AR group and perindopril 4 mg/kg to the AE group)for eight weeks.Serum TG,free fatty acids(FFAs) lever and the fat content in liver were then measured with biochemical tests;insulin resistance was evaluated with euglycemic hyperinsulinemia clamp technique,the expression of UCP-2 and TGFβI in liver tissue were examind with immunohistochemical staining and AGT mRNA,UCP-2 mRNA and TGFβ1 mRNA were tested with RT-PCR.Results With the administration of RAS inhibitor drugs,following changes were observed.The levels of TG and FFAs and the fat content in liver decreased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),insulin resistance in high-fat fed rats was improved(P＜0.05),liver steatosis,inflammation and fibrosis were mitigated.The levels of UCP-2 decreased by 36.5%(P＜0.05)in AE group and 42.5%(P＜0.05)in AR group and TGFβ1 decreased by 37%(P＜0.05)in AE group and 41.6%(P＜0.05)in AR group as compared with the HF group with immunohistochemical staining.The expression of AGTmRNA decreased by 14.9%(P＜0.05)in AE group and 21%(P＜0.05)in AR group,UCP-2 mRNA decreased by 9%(P＜0.05)in AE group and 11%(P＜0.05)in AR group and TGFβ1 mRNA decreased by 17%(P＜0.05)in AE group and 19%(P＜0.05)in AR group as compared with the HF group with RT-PCR.Conclusions RAS blockade could improve insulin resistance,mitigate the liver injury of long term high-fat fed rats and have a protective effect on liver.The mechanism may be associated with the effects of improved insulin resistance,the interaction within RAS and the down-regulation of UCP-2 and TGFβ1 in liver tissue.

Total elbow arthroplasty was initially used to manage the rheumatoid arthritis of elbow. With the developement of technology in recent decades, the indication of total elbow arthroplasty include the trauma associated unstable joint, traumatic arthritis and distal humerus fractures in elderly. But the high risk of complications, which includes infection, ulnar nerve deficit and tricep insufficiency, is still an unsolved issue. The most widely used approach nowadays is the Bryan-Morrey approach, while some authors also report triceps on approach recently. This article is an overview in approaches and biomechanical researches of total elbow arthroplasy by reviewing the domestic and overseas involved literatures.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Muscles ; physiopathology ; Recovery of Function ; Ulnar Nerve ; injuries

Objective To explore the diagnosis value and expression of E‐cadherin in the acute pancreatitis .Methods Twenth‐four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group ,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group ,8 case in each groups .The animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L‐arginine .After 24 hours ,the serum levels of amylase and the expression change of variation E‐cadherin were tested .The pancreas tissue was taken for his‐topathological score under microscope .The expression of E‐cadherin at protein level in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western Blot .Results The histological scores of pancreas and serum amylase were significantly higher in the MAP and SAP groups than those in control group (P<0 .05) ,and difference between SAP group and MAP group was also very significant(P<0 .05) .The re‐sult of ELISA showed that the serum E‐cadherin in MAP group[(1 025 .50 ± 131 .33) pg/mL] and SAP group[(1 561 .75 ± 144 .82)pg/mL] were significantly higher than that in control group[(626 .50 ± 72 .12) pg/mL ,P<0 .05] ,and there was significant difference between MAP group and SAP group(P<0 .05) .The result of Western Blot was similar to the result of ELISA .Conclu‐sion E‐cadherin may have diagnosis value in the acute pancreatitis .

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride content in aminoglycine enteric coated tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography with differential refractive detector.
Methods: Waters XBridge Amide (4.6 mm×250 mm, 3.5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase was 80% acetonitrile solution (1 000 mL containing 1 mL ammonia) at the flow rate of 1.2 mL·min^-1. Column temperature was set on 40 ℃; Injecting volume was 20 μL with differential refraction detector (RID) detection.
Results: The detection limit of glucosamine hydrochloride was 0.03 mg·mL^-1, and the limit of quantification was 0.125 mg·mL^-1. It showed a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 0.72-7.56 mg·mL^-1. The average recovery was 99.4% (RSD=0.85%,n=9). The content of glucosamine hydrochloride in 7 batches of aminosamine enteric-coated tablets was measured in the range of 93%-107%.
Conclusion: The proposed method is fast, accurate, specific and durable, and can be used for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride, which provides a reference for effectively controlling the quality of aminoxymetacin enteric-coated tablets.

The DNA demethylase genes are widespread in plants. Four DNA demethylase genes (LJDME1, LJDME2, LJDME3 and LJDME4) were obtained from transcriptome dataset of Lonicera japonica Thunb by using bioinformatics methods and the proteins' physicochemical properties they encoded were predicted. The phylogenetic tree showed that the four DNA demethylase genes and Arabidopsis thaliana DME had a close relationship. The result of gene expression model showed that four DNA demethylase genes were different between species. The expression levels of LJDME1 and LJDME2 were even more higher in Lonicera japonica var. chinensis than those in L. japonica. LJDME] and LJDME2 maybe regulate the active compounds of L. japonica. This study aims to lay a foundation for further understanding of the function of DNA demethylase genes in L. japonica.
Computational Biology ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; Genes, Plant ; Lonicera ; enzymology ; genetics ; Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Transcriptome

Objective To investigate the infection of Xuebijing injection on inflammatory factor of large sized avulsion patients.Methods 70 patients being selected with large sized avulsion were randomly recruited into a treatment group(35 patients)and a control group(35 patients).The control group received traditional comprehensive treatment.On this basis,Xucbijing injection was injected to the treatment group on admission day,and Xuebijing injection 50 ml in 0.9%NaCl solution 100 ml was,intravenously infused for 60 min once,2 times daily,up to 7 d.TNF-α,IL-6,CRP,WBC and NEU%of the two groups were respectively detected before treatment and 7 days after the treatment.Exudation of wound surface was also observed.Results After 7 days of treatment,there was significant difierence in the treatment group compared with pretreatment(P＜0.01).There was statistical difference between two groups after 7 days of treatment(P＜0.01).Exudation of wound surface of the treatment group was less than the control group's.Conclusion Xuebijing injection has antagonistic effect on inflammatory factor of large sized avulsion patients and can lessen exudation of wound surface.