PNAS-4 is a novel pro-apoptosis gene identified latetly. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic studies about PNAS-4 in cancer gene therapy and gene therapy of PNAS-4 alone or combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy manifested a good application prospect, but its molecular mechanisms to promote apoptosis is not clear yet. In this paper, recent research about PNAS-4 in cancer gene therapy is briefly reviewed, and recent hypotheses on its molecular mechanisms to promote apoptosis are especially elucidated. Based on its newly identified characteristics of structural domain, we made a point that PNAS-4 might regulate functions of some target protein related to apoptosis by deSumoylation as a new deSumoylating isopeptidase, and consequently promote apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Sumoylation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,and it is associated with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovaseular diseases.This article reviews the mechanism of action of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease,and the neuroprotective effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of certain vitamins and trace elements in infant and children with pneumonia.Methods Totally 120 pediatric patients with pneumonia who were treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Meanwhile,60 age-matched healthy children were randomly selected as the control group.The serum vitamin A level was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The serum zinc,calcium,magnesium,and iron contents were detected using atomic absorption spectrometry.The differences of serum levels of vitamins and trace elements as well as the ratios of vitamins and trace elements deficiency were compared between these two groups.Results The rates of iron,zinc,and vitamin A deficiencies were 35.36％,37.09％,and 46.59％,respectively,in pediatric patients with pneumonia,which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( 18.76％,x2 =4.32; 20.08％,x2 =4.15 ; 25.08％,x2 =5.81 ; all P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the rates of calcium,magnesium,and vitamin D deficiencies between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum zinc [ ( 16.07 ± 3.56) vs.(23.24 ± 4.05) μmol/L,t =15.82,P ＜ 0.05 ],iron [ ( 19.89 ± 4.79) vs.(25.13 ± 5.07 ) μmol/L,t =6.65,P ＜ 0.05 ],and vitamin A levels [ ( 365.76 ±35.37 ) vs.(451.09 ± 32.16) μg/L,t =2.14,P ＜ 0.05 ] in the pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The serum levels of calcium,magnesium,and 25-hydroxy vitamin D showed no significant difference between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Zinc,iron,and/or vitamin A deficiencies are common among infant and children with pneumonia.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play pivotal roles for monitoring the tumor metastasis and prognosis.The nanotechnology provides a favourable platform for CTCs detection,and enables CTCs to be more promising for practical application.Meanwhile,the nanoscale device by virtue of nanotechnology has broad application prospects in eliminating CTCs and offers a new direction in the field of anti-cancer.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of the Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection(CRBSI) in the intensive care unit(ICU),and to approach effective methods for preventing the CRBSI in ICU.METHODS With the method of objective investigation,all patients in ICU from Jan,2008 to Dec,2008 were studied.The risk factors of CRBSI were investigated.RESULTS 257 patients entered the study.A total of 147 cases suffered from the nosocomial infection(NI).The incidence rate of the NI was 57.2%.Among these,36 cases were dignosised of the CRBSI,and the case-infection rate was 14.07%.The number of CRBSI account for 24.49% of the patients who suffered from the NI.The nosocomial infection rate perday the CRBSI was 16.57‰.It was significantly higher than that of the general wards′.The pathogen detection showed the main pathogen was the G+ bacteria,accounting for 54.04%.Then was the G-bacteria,accounting for 37.84%.The fungus accounted for 8.11%.11 unusual drug resistance bacteria were found(6 ESBLs positive bacteria and 5 MRS bacteria).CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the CRBSI is related to the following reasons: days and the sites of the catheter being placed,the procedure the medical personnel done,the immune function of the patients,and the utilization or unutilization of the high-nutrition drugs through the vein.According to these reasons,strict aseptic technique,reasonable choice of the catheter site,shortening the duration the catheter insertion,and maintaining catheter unobstructed are the keys to prevent the incidence of the CRBSI.

Objective To understand the types and risk factors of human papillomavirus (HPV ) infection among the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer . Methods The patients with TCT screening in many hospital of Chongqing from June 2012 to December 2013 were selected and performed the HPV typing ,9 328 cases succeeded in HPV typing .The main types of HPV infection in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were statistically analyzed for determining the risk factors .Results HPV16 was the most common infection type among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing area ,followed by HPV52 ,58 ,33 ,18 .Some factors such as multiple sex partners ,young female with sexual debut and induced abortion were the risk factors of HPV infection .Conclusion Single and high-risk type is the main feature of HPV infection among the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chongqing .The infection rate is higher with the higher grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia .Publicity and education for risk factors of HPV infection should be strengthened ,which will help to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer .

Objective To explore the drainage effect of drainage tube with different materials on the basis of a constant nega tive pressure drainage,and its impact on flap survival.Methods The most common clinical used Polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC)pipe,latex tubes,silicone tube drainage tubes,and flaps were compared at different phases of the drainage,to determine the best clinical flap with drainage material.After three groups of flaps were designed,including a constant negative pressure drainage device,without a constant negative pressure drainage system,and drainage alone (no negative pressure) drainage flap,the flap survival was observed at different phase space.Three different drainage drainage ways of the flap and the flap survival area of effect were statistically analyzed.Results The silicone tube drainage was more fully and effectively.Constant negative pressure drainage volume of liquid was up to the flap with drainage to the fullest,the highest rate of skin flap healing,and better healing.Conclusions The constant negative pressure in the drainage of the flap makes drainage more fully,and promotes rapid healing of wounds,while the silicone tube is suitable for flap drainage.

Objective　To observe the effects and explore the mechanism of orthopia by using viscoelastic substance (sodium hyaluronate)in adherent strabismus(AS).Methods　A total of 29 cases(33 eyes)of AS which were caused by various factors were performed strabotomy,in which sodium hyaluronate was poured into cap tenon space and /or around ocular muscles in which preserved after operation.Ocular movement was requested in 12～24 hours post-operation lest ocular muscles adhered to other tissues again.The main index we observed were the effectiveness of strabotomy and ocular movement.Results　All 33 eyes achieved good results:17 eyes(51.5%) were cured,26 eyes(78.8%) obtained distinct improvement(DI). The operative results have reference to the cause of adherent strabismus,period of muscular adherence and visual function post-operation.No complications were found.Conclusion　 Our observation support that sodium hyaluronate can prevent ocular muscles from re-adhering to other tissues around after strabotomy.Most of the patients can obtain better effects by this viscoelastic therapy.

The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a subtype of the phospholipase A2 superfamily, is produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes. Lp-PLA2specifically hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids on oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles,resulting in production of lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized fatty acids. Lp-PLA2 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and in macrophages within a fibrous cap of unstable plaque.Studies haw shown that the plasma Lp-PLA2 activity increases significantly in patients with ischemic stroke, and Lp-PLA2 may become an independent risk factor for predicting ischemic cerebrovascular events. The selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor can reduce the inflammatory response,enhance the stability of plaques, and inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and may become a new class of drugs for preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective To explore the effect of different arch forms of maxillary models on stress distribution of peri-implant of All-on-4 implants with 3-dimensional finite element, and to provide evidence for the improvement of implant achievement ratio in clinic. Methods 3-dimensional finite element analysis models of Tapered,Square and Ovoid arch form maxillary based on the MBTTM Arch Form Templates were constructed by using Solidworks software.The cortical bone thickness was defined as 2 mm at all points.The implants with 13 mm in length were inserted between the mental foramina.The 2 posterior implants were set at 4 inclination angle,from 0°to 45°.All implants were splinted with superstructure.A 100 N pressure was applied to 2 kinds of loading positions on the superstructure models. The maximum Von-Mises stress on cortical bone around the implants was measured by using Abaqus software.Results The maximum Von-Mises value in maxillary cortical bone with All-on-4 implants in 3 arch forms showed significant differences. In Square model the concentration of stress was advanced with the increasing of implant inclination angle;In Ovoid model, the maximum Von-Mises value was observed at 1 5°in posterior region,and was increased significantly by pasted 15°in anterior region;In Tapered model,the Maximum Von-Mises value was increased greatly at 45°. Conclusion Arch forms have appreciable impact on stress distribution of peri-implant.In Square arch form,the inclination of implant should be avoided;in Ovoid arch form, the inclination angle should be under 15°;in Tapered arch form,the inclination should be under 30°.