Objective　To observe the effects and explore the mechanism of orthopia by using viscoelastic substance (sodium hyaluronate)in adherent strabismus(AS).Methods　A total of 29 cases(33 eyes)of AS which were caused by various factors were performed strabotomy,in which sodium hyaluronate was poured into cap tenon space and /or around ocular muscles in which preserved after operation.Ocular movement was requested in 12～24 hours post-operation lest ocular muscles adhered to other tissues again.The main index we observed were the effectiveness of strabotomy and ocular movement.Results　All 33 eyes achieved good results:17 eyes(51.5%) were cured,26 eyes(78.8%) obtained distinct improvement(DI). The operative results have reference to the cause of adherent strabismus,period of muscular adherence and visual function post-operation.No complications were found.Conclusion　 Our observation support that sodium hyaluronate can prevent ocular muscles from re-adhering to other tissues around after strabotomy.Most of the patients can obtain better effects by this viscoelastic therapy.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,and it is associated with the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovaseular diseases.This article reviews the mechanism of action of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease,and the neuroprotective effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitors.

Objective To explore the role of hemoglobin (Hb) level in mortality and morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD)patients,aiming to give some evidence for therapy of anemia.Methods Randomized,clinical trials (RCTs) were identified by searching Medline,Embase and the Cochrane library.All the analyses were performed using the Revman software available free from the Cochrane collaboration.Results Twenty-three trials involving 10 204 patients were identified.Overall,the high Hb target was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR=1.10,95％ CI 1.00 to 1.21),hypertension (RR=1.40,95％ CI 1.12 to 1.75),stroke and hospitalization (RR=1.07,95％ CI 1.00 to 1.14) compared with low Hb target (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the risks of non-fatal mycardial infarction (RR=1.13,95％ CI 0.79 to 1.62) and renal replacement therapy (RR =1.00,95％ CI 0.85 to 1.18).Conclusions Targeting low Hb target is beneficial to CKD patients based on reduced risk of hypertension,hospitalization,stroke and all-cause mortality.However,no significant difference is found in non-fatal mycardial infarction and renal replacement therapy.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of short-term (2-7 d) high-dose (80 mg/d) statins in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase,ScienceDirect,Scopus,Ovid andWileyInterScience with the key wordsof “ statins/statin/HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitor” ,“contrast ” and“ nephropathy/nephrosis/nephrotoxicity/kidneyfailure”inall languages from 1996 t0 2010 for RCT that assessed the preventive effect of short-term (2-7 d)high-dose( 80 mg/d) statins on CIN.ResultsFive trials with a total of 1009 patients were identifiedTwo studies were conducted in patients with CKD 3-5 stages ( GFR≤60 ml/min or serum creatinine≥97.2 μmol/L) and the remaining 3 studies were conducted in patients with CKD l and 2 stages.Analysis of the data in patients with CKD 3-5 stages did not reveal a statistically significant difference in CIN incidence between the statins and placebo groups (6.50％vs 7.2％ ).The relative risk ( RR)was 0.89 without evidence of heterogeneity (12 =Oqo,P=O.79).Analysis of the data in patients with CKD I and 2 stages revealed a significantly lower CIN incidence in the statins group( 3.60-/o )than that in the placebo group( 11.9％ ).The RR was 0.28 without evidence of heterogeneity( I2=0%, P =0.87 ). Conclusion Short-termhigh-dosestatins treatment may be benefical in reducing the incidence of CIN in patients with CKD l and 2 stages,while nobenefit has been shown in the patients with CKD 3-5 stages.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of certain vitamins and trace elements in infant and children with pneumonia.Methods Totally 120 pediatric patients with pneumonia who were treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Meanwhile,60 age-matched healthy children were randomly selected as the control group.The serum vitamin A level was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The serum zinc,calcium,magnesium,and iron contents were detected using atomic absorption spectrometry.The differences of serum levels of vitamins and trace elements as well as the ratios of vitamins and trace elements deficiency were compared between these two groups.Results The rates of iron,zinc,and vitamin A deficiencies were 35.36％,37.09％,and 46.59％,respectively,in pediatric patients with pneumonia,which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( 18.76％,x2 =4.32; 20.08％,x2 =4.15 ; 25.08％,x2 =5.81 ; all P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the rates of calcium,magnesium,and vitamin D deficiencies between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum zinc [ ( 16.07 ± 3.56) vs.(23.24 ± 4.05) μmol/L,t =15.82,P ＜ 0.05 ],iron [ ( 19.89 ± 4.79) vs.(25.13 ± 5.07 ) μmol/L,t =6.65,P ＜ 0.05 ],and vitamin A levels [ ( 365.76 ±35.37 ) vs.(451.09 ± 32.16) μg/L,t =2.14,P ＜ 0.05 ] in the pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The serum levels of calcium,magnesium,and 25-hydroxy vitamin D showed no significant difference between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Zinc,iron,and/or vitamin A deficiencies are common among infant and children with pneumonia.

Objective: To explore the effect of health insurance on consumption for rural and urban households. Methods: Using empirical study with the method of quasi-social experiment. Results: Households with health insurance have more consumption than those without health insurance. The higher the coverage of family health insurance improves, the more effects medical insurance would encourage family consumption. Meanwhile, the marginal effect of health insurance on rural households ’ consumption is much bigger than that of urban households. Conclusion: Through enhancing households’ risk tolerance, health insurance reduces households’ precautionary saving motivation and impels to increase the current consumption.

PNAS-4 is a novel pro-apoptosis gene identified latetly. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic studies about PNAS-4 in cancer gene therapy and gene therapy of PNAS-4 alone or combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy manifested a good application prospect, but its molecular mechanisms to promote apoptosis is not clear yet. In this paper, recent research about PNAS-4 in cancer gene therapy is briefly reviewed, and recent hypotheses on its molecular mechanisms to promote apoptosis are especially elucidated. Based on its newly identified characteristics of structural domain, we made a point that PNAS-4 might regulate functions of some target protein related to apoptosis by deSumoylation as a new deSumoylating isopeptidase, and consequently promote apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Sumoylation

The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a subtype of the phospholipase A2 superfamily, is produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes. Lp-PLA2specifically hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids on oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles,resulting in production of lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized fatty acids. Lp-PLA2 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and in macrophages within a fibrous cap of unstable plaque.Studies haw shown that the plasma Lp-PLA2 activity increases significantly in patients with ischemic stroke, and Lp-PLA2 may become an independent risk factor for predicting ischemic cerebrovascular events. The selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor can reduce the inflammatory response,enhance the stability of plaques, and inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and may become a new class of drugs for preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G polymorphism and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in Chinese Han population in Shanghai area.Methods The patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and normal controls were enrolled.The polymerase chain reaction and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect the genotypes and alleles of NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G.Results A total of 128 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and 151 healthy controls were enrolled.The levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,and triacylglycerol,as well as the proportions of smoking and alcohol consumption in patients of the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in AA,AG,and GG genotypes (42.2％,44.5％,and 13.3％ vs.63.6％,27.8％,and 8.6％,x2 =12.757,P =0.002) and in A and G allele (64.5％ and 35.5％ vs.77.5％ and 22.5％ ;x2 =8.734,P=0.001) frequencies between the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group and the control group.Multivariatelogistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) (odds ratio [OR] 13.952,95％ confidence interval [CI] 7.242-26.879; P ＜ 0.001),apolipoprotein A ≥ 0.99 mmol/L (OR 3.139,95％ CI 1.012-9.733; P =0.048),and AG +GG genotype (OR 2.333,95％ CI 1.253-4.342; P=0.008) were the independent risk factors for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions Among the Chinese Han population in Shanghai area,the NADPH oxidase p22phox-A930G polymorphism is an independent risk factor for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To explore the effect of different arch forms of maxillary models on stress distribution of peri-implant of All-on-4 implants with 3-dimensional finite element, and to provide evidence for the improvement of implant achievement ratio in clinic. Methods 3-dimensional finite element analysis models of Tapered,Square and Ovoid arch form maxillary based on the MBTTM Arch Form Templates were constructed by using Solidworks software.The cortical bone thickness was defined as 2 mm at all points.The implants with 13 mm in length were inserted between the mental foramina.The 2 posterior implants were set at 4 inclination angle,from 0°to 45°.All implants were splinted with superstructure.A 100 N pressure was applied to 2 kinds of loading positions on the superstructure models. The maximum Von-Mises stress on cortical bone around the implants was measured by using Abaqus software.Results The maximum Von-Mises value in maxillary cortical bone with All-on-4 implants in 3 arch forms showed significant differences. In Square model the concentration of stress was advanced with the increasing of implant inclination angle;In Ovoid model, the maximum Von-Mises value was observed at 1 5°in posterior region,and was increased significantly by pasted 15°in anterior region;In Tapered model,the Maximum Von-Mises value was increased greatly at 45°. Conclusion Arch forms have appreciable impact on stress distribution of peri-implant.In Square arch form,the inclination of implant should be avoided;in Ovoid arch form, the inclination angle should be under 15°;in Tapered arch form,the inclination should be under 30°.