Objective: To prepare bryostatins freeze-dried liposomes and to establish a quality standard for the liposomes. Methods: Film dispersion technique was used to encapsulate bryostatins with liposomes. Chloroform was taken as the solvent and was volatilized by revolving. Emulsification was performed with the probe after hydration, then the supporting agent was added for freeze drying. An RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the freeze-dried liposome content. The separation was performed with a Agilent C18 Column and the mobile phase was methanol-water in gradient elution 75 : 25 (0-38 min), 73.7 : 26.3(38-45 min), 79 : 21(45-48 min) by a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min, with the UV detector set at 228 nm. Zetasizer was used to determine the size of liposomes and the entrapment efficiency was determined with centrifugal ultrafilter. Results: The freeze-dried liposomes were homogeneous and the mean diameter was 0.423 μm. The standard curve was linear over the range of 44-220 μg/ml, r=0.999 8. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were less than 2.0 %. The recoveries of the high, middle and low concentrations (88, 110, and 132 μg/ml) were 100.8 %, 98.4 %, and 100.9 %, respectively. The detection limit was 4.4 ng, the quantitation limit was 17.6 ng, and the entrapment efficiency was 98.68 %. Conclusion: The film dispersion technique is suitable for preparation of bryostatins liposomes. The method in this study is easy-to-use, accurateg and with good repeatability.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have demonstrated that the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participates in, plays a key step in the corneal neovascularization (CNV). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2), a new type serine proteinase inhibitor found recently, can effectively inhibit the activity of MMPs. Whether TFPI-2 gene transfection can influence CNV is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of TFPI-2 gene transfection on CNV.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Laboratory for Department of Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital; Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the laboratory for Department of Surgery of Wuhan Union Hospital and State Central Laboratory of the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between June 2004 and March 2006. Sixty healthy purebred adult New Zealand rabbits of either gender, weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg, were involved. Preoperatively, no obvious anterior segment ocular lesion was found by slit-lamp examination. pBos-Cite-neo/TFPl-2 was kindly gifted by Dr. Zhong Ren (Department of Hematology, Union Hospital). Peroxydase blocking agent, nonimmune goat serum,mouse anti-human MMP-1, 2 and 3 monoclonal antibodies, biotin labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG second antibody (Santa cruz Company) were used in this study.METHODS: Experimental intervention: Experimental rabbit models of CNV were created in each group by silver nitrate cautery. Then, the rabbit models were randomized into 3 groups and 20 rabbits for each group. Different reagents were subconjunctivally injected via many points in each group: saline in the group Ⅰ, empty vector in the group Ⅱ, plasmid encoding TFPI-2 in the group Ⅲ. Experimental evaluation: CNV growth was observed under the slit-lamp biomicroscope.The expression of TFPI-2 in each rabbit model was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method 2 weeks after modeling; the expression of MMPs in corneal tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method at 3,5,7,9 and 14 days after modeling.TFPI-2 gene expression was significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ and group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.01); The MMP-1, 2, 3 expressions in the corneal tissue were significantly lower in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ and group Ⅰ,respectively, especially MMP-1, 3.

Objective To evaluate the effects of acupuncture of acupoints selected on postsurgical gastrointestinal dysfunction in the patients undergoing non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery.Methods A total of 160 patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),common acupuncture group (group CA),acupuncture of acupoints selected group (group SA),and acupuncture of non-acupoint group (group NA).Acupuncture was performed at 30 min before induction of anesthesia in CA,SA and NA groups.Group CA received acupuncture at bilateral Taichong and Neiguan acupoints,group SA at bilateral Zusanli and Hegu acupoints,and group NA at the points 1 cm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Hegu once every 30 min until the end of surgery.The time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds were recorded after surgery.The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was recorded within 1 day after surgery.The electrogastrogram (EGG)was performed at 1 day before surgery and 2 days after surgery,and the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were recorded.At 1 day before and after surgery,the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The recovery of postsurgical gastrointestinal function was assessed,and the recovery rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of postsurgical nausea and vomiting was significantly decreased,the time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery were significantly shortened,the recovery rate was significantly increased,the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were significantly increased at 2 days after surgery,and the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were significantly increased at 1 day after surgery in CA and SA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group CA,the incidence of postsurgical nausea and vomiting was significandy decreased,the time when the patients passed flatus,defecating time,and recovery time of bowel sounds after surgery were significantly shortened,the recovery rate was significantly increased,the frequency,amplitude and rhythm of EGG were significantly increased at 2 days after surgery,and the levels of plasma motilin and gastrin were significantly increased at 1 day after surgery in group SA (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture of acupoints selected provides better efficacy than common acupuncture in improving postsurgical gastrointestinal dysfunction in the patients undergoing nongastrointestinal abdominal surgery.

Objective To explore the treatment of kala-azar with antimonial resistance in children. Method The clinical data of antimony resistant Kala Azar in a child was analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature were reviewed. Results A 2-year- and 5-month-old boy, suffered from fever, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. He was diagnosed with kala-azar by bone marrow examination, and improved after the treatment of adequate antimonial. Later, he relapsed twice and the treatment of adequate was effective.. This was the third relapse, and was considered as antimonial resistance. Liposomal amphotericin B (1 mg/kg on day 1, 2 mg/kg on day 2, 3mg/kg on day 3~7 and day 10, with accumulated dose of 21 mg/kg) was used and effective. The child improved and no relapse in one-year follow-up. Conclusion Liposomal amphotericin B can be used in the treatment of kala-azar with antimonial resistance in children.

Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.The 2015 Edition of primary lung cancer diagnosis and treatment norms was updated based on 2010 Edition.This 2015 edition was published by the National Health and Family Planning Commission,which has referenced to the international authority of the lung cancer treatment guidelines and the actual situation of China.This paper mainly introduces the new content of lung cancer radiotherapy,including radical radiotherapy,palliative radiotherapy,adjuvant radiotherapy and preventive radiotherapy.

Objective To analyze the color Doppler ultrasonography of trauma-caused deep venous free-floating thrombus(FFT)of lower limbs,discuss the relations between sonography and the prognosis. Methods Clinical data and color Doppler ultrasound examination results of 130 cases with trauma-caused deep venous FFT of lower limbs were retrospectively analysed.Univariate analysis was conducted to identify the statistically significant factors of patients' prognosis,non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the independent prognostic factors of FFT.Results The non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the position of FFT,thrombosis edge definition,floating degree and the volume of detouring blood around the thrombus were independent factors of patients'prognosis(P <0.05). The FFT prognosis of iliofemoral vein was more likely to be fixed than the FFT prognosis of popliteal vein. The FFT prognosis with blurring edges was more likely to be fixed.The more obvious the floating degree of FFT,the higher chance that the FFT prognosis is recanalized.More detouring blood flow around FFT indicated more possibilities that the prognosis could be recanalized.Conclusions The color Doppler ultrasound is able to evaluate the relations between the deep venous free-floating thrombus of lower limbs and prognosis of the patients,which is beneficial for early detection and early treatment,as well as reducing mortality and disability resulted from deep venous thrombus during the orthopaedic perioperative period.

Preterm birth is the main factor affecting the lives and quality of life for premature infants,which is also the main cause for a large economic burden on family,society and medical system.It has been confirmed that the bad neurodevelopment outcome can be effectively prevented by early intervention programs,which are including therapeutic developmental interventions targeting the infants,as well as psychosocial support and education for parents.This review summarizes early intervention programs for improving developmenr outcome in recent years.

Objective To analyze the clinical value and safety of capsule endoscopy in the digestive tract diseases.Methods 55 cases of inpatients or outpatients were given the capsule endoscopy examination.The positive detection rate and safety were observed.Results The positive detection rate was 87.3％,the diagnostic rate was 50.9％.Capsule retention in the body happened in 2 cases (1 case of small intestine space-occupying lesions,decided to take the operation,another 1 case got Crohn's disease,intestinal incomplete obstruction),the occurrence rate was 1.5％.Conclusion The capsule endoscopy make up some shortcomings of the traditional gastrointestinal endoscope,but also show some drawbacks,so improving performance of instrument of the capsule endoscopy,expanding the scope of application of capsule endoscopy will be the development direction of the capsule endoscopy in the future.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,Akt,and the mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway is shown to play a key role in the tumorigenesis,proliferation,metastasis,apoptosis,and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)by regulating gene expression.The components and functions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway are briefly described,and the research advances in the action mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the progression of HCC and related inhibitors are reviewed.It is disclosed that blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may become a new therapy for HCC.

This paper summarized the development in physiology teaching during the last ten years and put forward existin problems and possible solutions.