General anesthetics were widely used in ophthalmology surgical and other surgical anesthesia, sedation and animal experiments. The current study found that anesthesia drugs such as ketamine, sevoflurane and propofol had a great influence on eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure was a risk factor for glaucoma occurrence and progress and it can change the intraocular structure, and damage the visual function. So in this paper, the effects of several kinds of general anesthetics commonly used were systematically described, in order to hold the attention of the clinicians and the researchers.

Objective To investigate the effects of different growth factors to perfused kidney in vitro at room temperature. Methods 25 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups, Each group had 5 rabbits. Perfusion was carried out in vitro on rabbits′ kidney with different culture media containing hepatocellular growth factor(HGF) in high or low dosage, epidermal growth factor(EGF) in high or low dosage, and growth factors-free. On the 65th hour after perfusion, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, the concentration of sodium and potassium in kidney vein effluent and ?-N-acetyl amino glucosaminidase in urine (NAG) activity in each group were respectively detected to observe the renal function. Renal histological changes under light microscope and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of renal tissue were also examined to observe the renal morphological changes and the lesion degrees of renal tissue. Results The preservation effect of the culture media containing HGF in high dosage was the best among all 5 groups. In this group, LDH activity, the concentration of potassium in kidney vein effluent and NAG activity in urine were significantly lower than that of other 4 groups; the concentration of sodium of kidney vein effluent was notably higher than any other group. Renal histological changes under light microscope and PCNA stain of renal tissue showed that the renal morphological damage and the lesion of renal tissue were lighter than any other group. Conclusion HGF in high dosage could markedly improve the effect of perfusion preservation and protect the function and morphology structure of perfused rabbits′ kidneys better.

Objective To establish a method for determination of oleanolic acid in Cortex Aralia Elatae by HPLC.Methods The determination was carried out with Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),using acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(80∶20∶0.42) as the mobile phase and detected at the wavelength of 208 nm.Results Oleanolic acid showed a good linear relationship at the range of 1.164～5.820 ?g,r=0.999 9.The average recovery was 99.70% and RSD was 1.76%(n =5).Conclusion The method was simple and accurate with good reproducibility,and can be used to determine the content of oleanolic acid in Cortex Aralia Elatae.

Objective To analyze the diffusion properties of acute cerebral stroke to understand the effects of infarct and hematoma on diffusion-weighted MR images of patients with acute cerebral stroke. Methods 25 acute cerebral infarcts, 22 intracranial hematomas and 5 hemorrhagic infarctions were studied with CT, conventional and diffusion MR imaging. The DWI and ADC parameters of acute cerebral stroke were analyzed. Results The DWI images of 25 acute cerebral infarcts, 1 hyperacute hematoma, 2 acute hematomas and 3 subacute hematomas were hyperintensity, and that of 8 early subacute hematomas were hypointensity. The DWI images of early stage of 4 chronic hematomas were hyperintensity at center and hypointensity at periphery, and that of late stage were hypointensity. The DWI images of acute hemorrhagic infarctions had both the hyperintensity and hypointensity. Meanwhile, the ADC images of majority of the lesions were hypointensity. Conclusion DWI could reflect the diffusion properties of different types of cerebral strokes and play an important role in evaluating the strokes.

Chinese medicine (CM) develops with the survival, reproduction, growth, and progressing of the Chinese nation. Scientific technologies not only promote continual progressing of human societies, but also provide new ideas and methods for the development of CM. In recent years, great changes have taken place in CM complying with developing modern scientific technologies, mainly manifested in the depth of CM theories at molecular levels, the combination of syndrome differentiation and disease identification, continuous innovation and development of clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques, diversified dosages of Chinese materia medica, the academic tendency of education patterns, occupational refinement, diversified medical practice modes, and so on.
Humans ; Industrial Development ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Reproduction

As an internal environment of tumor occurrence, tumor microenvironment is composed of a variety of cells and extracellular matrix, and plays a crucial role in tumor formation, transfer and resistance to drugs. The regulation of tumor microenvironment will be a potential target to control the cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of 21 to 25 nucleotides single-stranded RNA, and are mainly involved in regulating gene expression. Recently, with the suggestion of cellular auton-omous tumor inhibition mechanism, the regulation of tumor microenvironment by miRNAs has received great attention. This review summarizes recent findings on the non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of miRNAs-mediated regulation of tumor micro-environments, which provides foundations and perspective on the design of therapeutic interventions.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the WHO gradeⅣmalignancies, which is an acentral nervous system cancer with poor prognosis unless the lesion is in the brain stem. The incidence of GBM accounts for 80%of human primary malignant tumors in brain. Only 5%GBM can survive up to 5-years. Many researches showed that Sox2 is a pluripotent regulator, and muta?tion or abnormal function of Sox2 are closely related to the development of GBM. There are studies demonstrated the possibil?ity of using Sox2 gene as apotential target for GBM therapy. This paper reviewed recent progress in GBM.

Objective To study the effect of dipsacus on the expression of β-amyloid in parietal cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model rats.Methods A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,dipsacus group and vitamin E group (n=10,each)General situation of rats was observed after 42 days of dipsacus treatment.The ability of learning and memory in rats was tested by Morris water maze.The content of β-amyloid in parietal cortex and hippocampus of each group rats were measured using double antibody sandwich method.Results Model group compared with control group showed that general conditions deteriorated markedly;escaping delitescence was prolonged significantly(P＜0.01) ; the activity time on the former platform quadrant reduced significantly (t=4.6261,P=0.0002) ; the number of crossing the former platform reduced significantly (t=6.5335,P=0.0000) ; the content of Aβ in parietal cortex and hippocampus increased significantly (t=4.2812,P=0.0004) (t=5.2499,P=0.0001).Dipsacus group and vitamin E group compared with model group showed that general condition improved significantly;escape latency was shortened significantly (P＜ 0.01); the activity time on the former platform quadrant increased significantly [(45.76±12.15) s,(48.70±10.25) s and (30.20±10.48) s (t=3.0666,3.9908,P=0.0066,0.0009)]; the number of crossing the former platform increased significantly [(3.02±1.19) t/2min,(3.56±0.85) t/2min and (1.43 ± 1.24) t/2min (t=2.9256,4.4804,P=0.0090,0.0003)]; the content of Aβ in parietal cortex and hippocampus reduced significantly in parietal cortex [(280.37-51.40) pg/g,(263.14 ± 45.52) pg/g versus (337.46 ±70.51) pg/g (t=2.1164,2.8003,P=0.0485,0.0118)],in hippocampus [(295.60±67.58)pg/g,(274.38±57.56)pg/g versus (388.26±83.72)pg/g(t=2.9256,4.4804,P=0.0090,0.0003)].Conclusions Dipsacus can reduce expression of Aβ in brain areas related to general intelligence that may have anti-Alzheimer's disease action.The active ingredients of dipsacus may be natural vitamin E.

Extraction-spectrophotometric method for determination of lomefloxacin is proposed.The ion pairs complex of lomefloxacin with brornocresol green (BMG) can be extracted into CHCI3 at pH 3.6 and has absorption maximum at 415nm.The calibrationgraphs generated was linear over the range of 1～15mg/L drug in solution (r=0.9997).ε=2.5×104L·mol-1·cm-1.The detection limit is 0.014mg/L.The recovery of method is 98.9%～101.6%.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of lomefloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations.

OBJECTIVE To sdudy the characteristics of nosocomial infections in psychiatric hospital and to take the corresponding prevention measures to control. METHODS The epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infections occurred in the patients treated in psychiatry department of our hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of all 5741 patients, 367 cases were definitely diagnosed as nosocomial infection. The incidence was 6.39%, with a decreasing trend. Among these infections, upper respiratory tract infections accounted for 52.78%, lower respiratory tract infections for 13.26%, and gastrointestinal infections for 11.14%. Other sites infections were rare(11.41%). The respiratory tract infection occurred all the year around, especially in the winter, other sites (included skin) infections mainly occurred in the first and the third quarters. The gastrointestinal infection reached its highest in the summer. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection in psychiatric hospital has some characteristics and regularities. These are related to the particularity of the patients, the long stay in hospital, and poor self-care ability. Accordingly, we can take reasonable measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection.