Objective:To study the clinical and pathological features of small cell carcinoma of cervix.(SCCC).Methods:Clinical data,pathological changes and immunohistochimical findings were reviewed in 7 cases of small cell cervical carcinoma(SCCC),and immunohistochemical staining was performed for VEGF in 4 cases of SCCC.Results:The average age was 37 years in 7 patients,and the main symtoms were vaginal bleeding.Under microscope,tumor cells showed oat or intermediate cell type,Three tumors were associated with other forms of carcinoma: squamous cell carcinoma,endometrial carcinoma,poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma.Immunohistochemical staining showed neuroendocrine differentiation and VEGF.Their FIGO staging was stage Ⅰ_b in 2 cases,stage Ⅱ in 2 cases,stage Ⅲ in 2 cases.In the 5 patients with follow-up data,4 were dead and 1 was in following up.Conclusion:Small cell carcinoma of the cervix has stated an extremely aggressive biological behavior with minimal survival chances and a rapid and fatal clinical course.

Objective To discuss the construction and application of computer system in the radiology department of medium and small hospitals.Methods Through the local area network,the self-invented Radiological Information System(RIS) was linked to the Hospital Information System(HIS) and Wandong DR equipment software in coordination with the Neusoft CT software and the digital stomach and intestines software.Results A simple extraordinary and practical radiological information system was established,which possessed functions of PACS.Conclusion The management level in radiology department is enhanced and the working efficiency is increased.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of epidural labor analgesia with contin-uous background infusion and its impact on obstetric outcome.Methods This was a retrospective co-hort study.In the two months of march 2014 and march 201 5,503 nulliparas women who had re-ceived epidural analgesia for labor were enrolled and assigned to two different study groups according to their analgesic protocol.Two hundred and fifty-eight nulliparas in group C received only patient-controlled analgesia while two hundred and forty-five nulliparas in group P received patient-controlled analgesia with continuous background infusion.The basic and perinatal data of all enrolled nulliparas women were collected and analyzed to compare the analgesic effect and the impact on obstetric risk of two different analgesic protocol.Results The NRS pain score during the second labor stage was lower in group P [3 (3-4)scores vs.5 (4-5)scores](P <0.001).The second stage prolonged [50 (29-82) min vs.38 (24-62)min](P =0.001)and intrapartum hemorrhage increased [200 (100-250)ml vs. 1 50 (100-200)ml](P =0.003)in group P.There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the delivery mode (P =0.656)and the morbidity of postpartum hemorrhage (9.8% vs.10.9%,P =0.697).Analgesic protocol with background infusion was not associated with postpartum hemorrhage,instrumental delivery risk and cesarean risk.Conclusion Epidural labor an-algesia with continuous background infusion provided more effective analgesia in nulliparas,without additional obstetric risk.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of intermittent epidural bolus ( IEB) for patient?controlled epidural analgesia ( PCEA) during delivery. Methods Eighty?five parturients requesting epi?dural analgesia, who were at full term ( 37-42 weeks of gestation) with a singleton fetus in vertex presenta?tion, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡ, with body mass index< 35 kg∕m2 , were divided into either IEB group ( n=42) or continuous epidural infusion ( CEI) group ( n=43) using a random number table. The analgesia solution contained 0.08% ropivacaine and 0.4μg∕ml sufentanil in both groups . IEB settings were a 6 ml bolus every hour at the rate of 400 ml∕h with a bolus dose 6 ml and lockout interval 30 min. CEI settings were background infusion 6 ml∕h with a bolus dose 6 ml and lockout interval 30 min. Numeric rating scale score was maintained≤5, and if the efficacy was not satisfactory, a bolus of pump solution 5-10 ml was added. The consumption of analgesics per hour, initial PCA time, and occur?rence of lower extremity numbness, motor block, nausea and vomiting, and pruritus were recorded. Pa?tients′satisfaction with analgesia was scored, and the duration of labor and mode of delivery were recorded. Results Compared with group CEI, the initial PCA time was significantly prolonged, the satisfaction score was significantly increased, the incidence of lower extremity numbness was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) , and no significant change was found in the consumption of analgesics per hour, incidence of motor block, nausea and vomiting, and pruritus, constituent ratio of mode of delivery, and duration of la?bor in group IEB ( P>0.05) . Conclusion IEB can be safely and effectively used for PCEA during deliver?y, and the efficacy is better than that of CEI in the parturients.

Objective: To screen the active fraction with anti-inflammatory effect of Hosta plantaginea and study the chemical constituents of the active fraction. Methods: Different polar fractions were prepared by extraction with organic solvents. Their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by mice models treated by acetic acid-induced celiac capillary permeability and cotton pellets-induced granuloma. The constituents of active fraction were purified by chromatographic methods and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction could significantly inhibit the reinforce of celiac capillary permeability and the cotton pellets granuloma. Ten compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified as docosanol (1), β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), (25R)-2α,3β-dihydroxy- 5α-spirostane-9(11)-en-12-one (4), daucosterol (5), (25R)-2α, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirostane-9(11)-en-12-one-3-O-{O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)] -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (6), kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-rutinoside (7), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), (25R)-2α,3β,12β-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane 3-O-{O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (9), and (25R)-2β, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirostane 3-O-{O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (10). Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract was the anti-inflammatory fraction of H, plantaginea. Compounds 1-10 were isolated from H. plantaginea for the first time, and compound 10 is a new natural product.

Objective To explore the effects of subchronic arsenic exposure through drinking water on glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain of mice. Methods The female Kunming mice were exposed to arsenite ( iAsⅢ ) by drinking water at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L respectively for 6 consecutive weeks. The blood and brain were taken, the concentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG), superoxide dimutase (SOD) and the concentrations of glutamate (Glu), lipidperoxide(LPO) were determined. Results The concentrations of iAs, MMA and DMA in the blood and brains increased as the iAsⅢ concentrations in drinking water increased. The activity of GS, PAG and the concentrations of Glu in the arsenic exposed mice increased compared with the control. The activity of GS in 50 mg/L group, the activity of PAG in 25 and 50 mg/L groups, the concentration of Glu in 100 mg/L group showed a significant difference compared with the control. The activity of PAG in 25 mg/L group was significantly higher than that in 100 mg/L group. The activity of SOD in exposed groups was higher than that in the control, the concentration of LPO in exposed groups did not show a significant difference compared with the control. Conclusion Arsenic can enter the brain and organic arsenic is dominant both in the blood and brain, however, the composition of arsenic speciation is different in the blood and brain. DMA, as a main arsenide, distributed in the brain. Arsenic exposure can change the activity of GS and PAG which can influence the concentration of Glu. Moreover, arsenic exposure can increase the superoxide anion and make the activity of SOD increase compensatively.

[Objective]To discuss the application of the short reconstruction intramedullary nail in treating intertrochanteric fracture.[Method]From Jan 2000 to Aug 2004,35 patients(14 males and 21 females)with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were treated by short reconstruction intramedullary nail.Various data were analyzed for evaluating the characteristics and curative effect.[Result]The mean incision length was 3.5 cm,the average duration of operation and intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy was 65 min and 0.16 min,respectively.The mean blood loss was 50 ml.None of the complications occurred postoperatively,including nonunion,deep venous thrombosis or infection of the incision etc.except only 1 malunion due to inappropriate surgical skill.Internal fixation loosening didn't appear in 97% of the patients.[Conclusion]Using short reconstruction intramedullary nail to treat intertrochanteric fracture can obtain satisfing outcomes of different concerns,such as time-saving,small incision,few complications,quick recovery and so on,which indicates that it should be the first choice for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Objective To explore the clinical results of internal fixation of patellar transverse body fracture by comparing figure-of-eight tension band wiring combined with cannulated compression screws technique with traditional modified tension band (AO technique). Methods There were 14 cases in the cannulated screws combined with tension band wire group, it involved 9 males and 5 females, the average age was 46 years. The patients were followed up for an average of 30 weeks with a range from 16 to 48 weeks. Another 20 cases were in the modified tension band group, it involved 13 males and 7 females, the average age was 42 years. The patients were followed up for an average of 42 weeks with a range from 36 to 72 weeks. The t test was used to compare the clinical results between two groups, including the mean knee flexion at the 2nd and 4th week, the mean clinical union time and the mean flexion loss at the 24th week postoperatively. Results In the cannulated screws combined with tension band wire group, the mean knee flexion at the 2nd week and 4th week postoperatively was 59??14.8? and 98??15.1? respectively. The mean clinical union time was (10?3.0) weeks and the mean flexion loss at the 24th week postoperatively was 11??6.3? without any complication. In the traditional modified tension band group, the mean knee flexion at the 2nd week and 4th week was 31??13.3? and 63??13.7? respectively. The mean clinical union time was (13?3.8) weeks and the mean flexion at the 24th week postoperatively was 18??6.2?. In this group, 2 cases failed because loosening of the tension band with the pin pulled out. One was managed with the plaster brace, the other underwent re-operation. Conclusion With stable construct, the internal fixation of transverse patellar body fracture with figure-of-eight tension band wiring combined with cannulated compression screws is less invasive to local soft tissue, optimal on knee functional recovery and fracture union. No complication has occurred, but the long-term clinical result and complication should be followed up for longer time.

Objective To explore three dimensional relationships of commonly used bony marks of the distal femur, and to investigate its clinical application of distal femur rotational alignment. Methods One hundred and fifteen normal distal femurs of 62 volunteers were studied. With MR sagittal imaging and three dimensional reconstruction, correlative parameters, including PCA (posterior condylar angle), angle between surgical transepicondylar axis (STEA) and posterior condylar line (PCL); CTA(condylar twist angle), angle between clinical transepicondylar axis (CTEA) and PCL; APA, angle between the perpendicular of antero-posterior line (APL) and PCL; ATA, angle between the perpendicular lines of APL and STEA; CSA, angle between CTEA and STEA. All these angles were measured. The parameters of the two groups both in males and females, as well as in right and left knees were analysed. Results PCA: 3.44??1.08? (range, 0.62? to 6.75?); CTA: 6.03??0.86? (range, 2.93? to 8.92?); APA: 4.31??0.64? (range, 1.92? to 7.05?); ATA: 0.87??0.78? (range, -1.72? to 3.84?); CSA: 2.58??0.57? (range, 0.22? to 4.51?). There was no significant difference between left and right knee in terms of all the above mentioned parameters, yet there was significant difference between male and female groups in terms of PCA, CTA and ATA. PCA and CTA were larger in male groups than that of female group, while ATA in female group was larger than that of male group. Conclusion Three dimensional reconstruction based on imagings of MR is a reliable method to study the distal femur rotational alignment. In the normal knees, there is constant relationship between these parameters. Operators should use distal femur rotational alignment according to practical conditions in performing the total knee arthroplasty.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins(RIPs), a natural anti-caner protein from some advanced plants, includes single-chain robosome-inactivating proteins (type Ⅰ) and double-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (type Ⅱ). Gelonin, relative molecular weight around 30?103, belongs to single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins. This review is about the structure and biological activity of cell toxin Gelonin and application prospect in anti-cancer treatment.