What is education is a masterpiece on education of karl Jaspers,which gives a profound impact on Germany and the world's education.This paper makes an analysis about it on the basis of the essence of education,philosophical base,teacher- student relationship,university idea and so on,and makes a further efforts to point out that this viewpoint will have deep inspira- tion to the teaching method reform we are now promoting.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; blood ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; blood ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Male

0.05).The blood loss was significantly higher for women who had the abdominal approach(t=3.214,P

Objective To understand the thickness of each section of the pelvic loop and the positions of the peripheral large vessels and nerves, so as to provide evidence for the screw fixation of pelvic fractures. Methods A total of74 normal osseous specimens of the pelvis (male 40 cases, female 34 cases) were selected for the present study. Pelvic center was taken as the dot, and the thickness of the pelvic bone along the pelvis line were measured in the clockwise direction. Thirty 30 CT images of normal pelvis were used to measure the bone thickness of the pelvic loop in the same manner. Moreover, cadaver specimens were also dissected and the position lineof the peripheral largevessels and nerves of the pelvic loop were observed in the clockwise direction. Results (1) The thicknesses (mm) of the pelvic bone along the pelvis line(from 0:00 [12:00] to 6:00) were 25. 36±3. 03 (female 24. 48 ± 2. 16), 32. 59 ± 7. 21 (female 22. 88 ± 2. 13), 24. 06 ± 2. 89 (female 20. 40 ± 2. 07), 44. 12±3. 97(female 37. 55±3. 60), 27. 88±2. 36 (female 22. 68±2. 26), 13. 80±2. 14 (female 10. 22±2. 05), and 15. 04± 2.31 (female 13.53±2.22), respectively; and the results of CT measurement were 25.44±2. 95, 30. 45±7. 14, 24. 49±2. 74, 44. 35±4. 21, 27. 66±2. 12, 14. 06±1. 86 and15. 85 ± 2. 15, respectively. (2) Basedonthe clockwisescale, thepositionsof the main vessels and nerves around the pelvic loop were as follows: the positions of the femoral nerves and the femoral arteries and veins were between 4:00 and 4:30 on the left and between 7:00 and 7:30 on the right; the positions of obturator nerve vesselswere between 4:30 and 5:00 on the left and between 7:00 and 7:30on the right. Conclusion When pelvic center is taken as the dot, it is simple and practical to determine the position of each point of the pelvis and the large vessels and nerves in the clockwise direction. The thickness of each part of the pelvic loop is important to guide screw internal fixation of the pelvic fracture.

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect and mechanism of total flavones of Bidens pilosa L. (TFB) on IgA1 induced injury of venous endothelial cells in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) children patients. METHODS Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were taken as subject. They were intervened by normal IgA1 and HSP children patients' serum IgA1, and added with different concentrations TFB at the same time. Then they were divided into the blank control group, the normal control group, the HSP IgA1 group, and HSP IgA1 plus TFB (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 mg/mL) groups. Levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in supernate were detected by ELISA. The NO level was detected by nitrate reductase method. mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in HUVECs were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group and the blank control group, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO all significantly increased in the HSP group (P < 0.05). Compared with the HSP group, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO significantly decreased after intervention of TFB (1.0 and 0.5 mg/mL; P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot showed, as compared with the blank control group and the normal control group, mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in HSP children patients' serum IgA1 induced venous endothelial cells significantly increased with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the HSP group, mRNA and protein expressions of NF-KB and ICAM-1 were obviously down-regulated after intervention of TFB (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 mg/mL), with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTFB could protect vascular damage by inhibiting in vivo high expression of NF-κB, reducing the production of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO in vascular endothelial cells of HSP children patients.

Bidens ; chemistry ; Child ; Flavones ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; blood ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Aged ; Castleman Disease ; complications ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; Male

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated rec eptor γ (PPARγ) and glucokinase (GK) induced by Wnt signaling pathway in mice NIT-1 β-cells,and to explore the interaction between PPARγ and Wnt signaling pathways.Methods Recombinant Wnt3a protein was applied to NIT-1 beta-cells to activate Wnt signaling pathway.The expression of PPARγ was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The expression of GK was determined by real time PCR.Results Wnt3a rapidly activated Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signaling pathway,and increased PPARγ and GK mRNA expression by 41.2％ and 65.0％ in NIT-1cells,with PPARγ protein expression increasing by 97.8％ (P＜0.01).These effects were abrogated by Wnt and PIK3 inhibitors,dickkopf 1 and wortmannin treatment (P＜ 0.01).Conclusions PPARγ and GK can be upregulated by Wnt singnaling,and the effects might partially be PI3K-dependent.

25 is also an important impact factor among various components.

Objective To characterize the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in normal and acute pyelonephritic rat kidneys and to study the correlation of infection and inflammation with SP-A expression. Methods Twenty-one rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control, sham operation and pyelonephritic group. HE staining was used to determine tubulointerstitial inflammation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA expression and protein level of SP-A. Immunohistochemical staining was used to label the localization and intensity of SP-A expression in kidney tissue. The correlation between intensity of SP-A expression and interstitial inflammation was also evaluated. Results In pyelonephritic group, tubulointerstitial inflammation was more prominent than that in control and sham groups (54.3?11.5,6.4?1.4, 8.6?1.9,respectively). RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that SP-A expression was up-regulated in pyelonephritic group (in mRNA level: 2.2+0.58, 0.9?0.25, 1.1? 0.30; in protein level: 0.45?0.09, 0.24?0.05, 0.26?0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SP-A expression was mainly localized on epithelial cells in outer medullary and collecting tubules in normal group and sham group, but strong staining extended to collecting tubules in pyelonephritic group. The tubulointerstitial inflammation score was positively correlated with the intensity of SP-A expression (r=0.67,P