Objective To establish a three-dimensional digitized visible model to meet the clinical and research needs.Methods The head of the volunteer was scanned by a cone beam CT (CBCT).The bone tissue,the facial soft tissue and the teeth were extracted from the cone beam CT raw data according to the different Houns field values.The 3D digital craniofacial model was reconstructed from the three tissues extracted from the CBCT original data.The 3D dental model with high resolution was acquired by scanning the dental cast with the laser scanner.The 3D facial model with texture was acquired by scanning the volunteer's face directly by other laser scanner.With the regis tration algorithm in 3D graphics,the 3D facial model with texture and the 3D dental model with high resolution were transformed to the same coordinate which was of the 3D digital craniofacial model.Results We acquired a complicated 3D craniofacial digital model which combined the teeth model with high resolution,the bone model and the face model with texture.Conclusions The method is able to accurately establish the craniofacial digital model.

Test on coagulation time,prothrombin time and platelet aggregation of mice and rats showed that all four species of Puhuang had effects on blood coagulation, in which Typha angustata Bory et Chaub. was the strongest followed by T. davidiana Hand. -Mazz., T. latifolia L,and T. angustifolia L. Their mechanism of coagulation were not the same,in which T. angustata Bory et Chaub. mainly acted on thrombogen,while T.davidiana Hand. -Mazz. mainly acted on platelet aggregation.

0.05).Conclusion The increasing of IL-15 in peripheral blood after MP infection may play a role in bronchitic asthma pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate biomechanical properties of transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) prepared from magnesium alloy and titanium alloy for the atlantoaxial dislocation by using three-dimensional finite element analysis and to exam the feasibility of using magnesium alloy for preparation of TARP system so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgery.MethodsA patient with typical atlantoaxial fracture dislocation was involved in the study,and received thin CT scan with clinically used titanium alloy TARP system for obtaining DICOM image data.Three-dimensional finite element analysis software was imported to simulate magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems for reduction and fixation.Then,stress changes of the atlas,axis,internal fixators and C2/3 zygapophysial joints were determined with three-dimensional finite element analysis and analyzed statistically.Results ( 1 ) The finite element model of atlantoaxial dislocation reduction and fixation had lifelike outline and good geometric similarity.There were 53 586 nodes and 180 784 units.(2) During the simulation of head in neutral position,the stress concentration region was C2/3 zygapophysial joints followed by the anterior arch,posterior arch and lateral mass of atlas respectively,and C2 vertebral arch again.( 3 )Magnesium alloy and titanium alloy TARP systems showed significant difference in stress distribution (P ＜0.05).Conclusions(1)The atlantoaxial model established according to its structure information on CT can be used for biomechanical experiments.(2) For the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using the existing titanium TARP system,maintaining the integrity of anterior and posterior arch of atlas and confirming the bone fusion in lateral mass can better keep the stability of the atlantoaxis.After atlantoaxial fusion,the increased stress of the zygapophysial joints of the adjacent segments accelerates structural degeneration,which should be closely followed up.( 3 ) Magnesium alloy TARP system for fixation and reduction shows the fall in peak value of the stress concentration region,and improvement of the uniformity of stress distribution as compared with titanium alloy TARP.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Larynx ; abnormalities ; Male ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between copper and organic components, total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), total saponins of Astragalus (TSA) and total polysaccharide of Astragalus (TPA).

METHODTFA, TSA and TPA were extracted from Astragalus roots using different organic solvents, and determined by colorimetry. The concentration of copper in extracts was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

RESULTCopper was found in TFA, TPA and TSA, and its concentration in TFA and TPA was higher; the content of copper was correlated significantly to that of TFA and TPA (r1(2) = 0.754 8, F1 = 57.202, P < 0.01 and r2(2) = 0.499, F2 = 21.906, P < 0.01), while not to that of TSA ( r3(2) = 0.0026, F3 = 0.041, P > 0.1).

CONCLUSIONCorrelation analysis could reveal the relationship of copper with organic components in Astragalus roots; contents and structure characteristics of organic components might be important factors influencing the distribution of copper in Astragalus roots.

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Copper ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the current status of prevalence and its relative factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the elderly in urban community in Ningxia province and to compare the differences in prevalence of NAFLD between Han and Hui ethnicities.Methods 1046 residents aged 55 years and over from five communities were selected.Questionnaire survey and clinical examination were conducted in all subjects.Fasting vein blood samples were collected.The serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected.Results There were 1043 subjects with average age of (66.41 6.65) years finishing the whole examination,including 696 (66.7％) Han and 347 (33.3％) Hui people.The total prevalence of NAFLD was 27.0％ (286/1043),and there was a significant difference in the prevalence [23.4％ (94 cases) vs.29.9％ (192 cases),x2 =5.18,P=0.023]between male and female,but no difference between Han and Hui ethnicities [28.2％ (98 cases) vs.27.0％ (188 cases) x2 =0.17,P=0.675].Logistic regression showed that age(OR=0.96,95％ CI:0.94-0.99),BMI(OR=1.31,95％ CI:1.24-1.38),TG(OR=1.71,95％ CI:1.47-1.98),central obesity (CO)(OR=5.20,95％CI:2.21-12.23) were the factors correlating with NAFLD.Conclusions The prevalence of NAFLD in Hui elderly people was is similar to that in Han elderly people.The elderly people with overweight,central obesity and high serum level of triglyceride and high level TG have higher risk for NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the value of new microvascular pattern of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesion.Methods A total of 72 peripheral lung lesions which had been proved by clinical and pathology results underwent conventional ultrasound,CEUS and new microvascular pattern examination.Two independent readers (Reader 1 and Reader 2) blindly and retrospectively analysised and classified the characteristic of microvascular patterns respectively,and Kappa test was used for evaluating the concordance between the two readers.The diagnosis accuracy of CEUS was calculated,and the CEUS diagnostic scores were compared with conventional ultrasound.Results 16 benign lesions and 56 malignant lesions were enrolled in this study.The microvascular patterns in benign lesions included branch enhancement(43.8 ％,31.3％),point and patchy enhancement (18.8％,25.0％) and rim-like enhancement (18.8％,18.8％).The microvascular patterns in malignant lesions included vascular enhancement (46.4％,57.1％),cotton enhancement (26.8％,25.0％) and dead wood enhancement (19.6％,8.9％).There was significant difference between benign and malignant lesions.Kappa result showed that the two readers had a good diagnosis concordance(Kappa=0.759,P =0.000).According to the different types of microvascular pattern,the diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity rates of two readers were 92.9％,91.1％;81.3％,75.0％ and 90.3％,87.5％,respectively.Before CEUS,59.7％ and 68.1％ of lesions were diagnosed as 3 by two readers respectively,while only 1.4％ and 6.9％ of lesions were diagnosed as 3 after CEUS.Further analysis demonstrated that there was significant difference in the microvascular pattern between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,and also between squamous carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound could significantly increase the differential diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions.New microvascular pattern helped to display patterns of vascular perfusion.of peripheral lung lesions,and provide new diagnostic clue for differential diagnosis.

Objective:To analyze the dental and mandibular asymmetry of adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion.Methods:The jaw bones of 30 adults with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion(case group)and 30 with normal-occlusion(control group)were scanned by CBCT.Linear and angular comparison was conducted between the two groups.Results:Dental midline deviation was ob-served in case group,mostly in mandibular arch (60%).The development of Class Ⅱ molar relationship correlated mainly to distally positioned mandibular molar on Class Ⅱ side.Conclusion:In the adults with Class Ⅱ subdvision malocclusion odontogenic asymme-try is the major factor,bony asymmetry is the miner.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect on lung by using continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood and L-arginine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Forty five cases received mitral valve replacement were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group involved 15 cases. Group I(control group), patients received routine procedure of CPB. Proup Ⅱ, patients received rcontinuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood. Group Ⅲ,continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood containing L-arginine (200 mg/kg) (n=15). All cases received routine procedure of CPB and continuously infused from the root of pulmonary artery until releasing aortaoaic clamp. Blood samples were collected from the radial artery respectively at the following time points:after the induction of anaesthesia, 1 hour after opening of aorta, 0, 6, 12, 24 hours after patients being taken back to ICU. ELISA test was used to detected the expression of tmmor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Lung tissue samples (1.0 cm ×1.0 cm×1.0 cm) were obtained from right lower lobe. The pathologicl changes of lung tissues were observed under light mi-croscope by using HE staining. Results at each time points, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ weresignificantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α, IL-6 in group Ⅲ were lower than in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). However, the expression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were higher than in group Ⅰ, and the level of IL-10 in group Ⅲ were higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). In the group Ⅰ: HE staining showed marked pulmonary interstitial edema, intra-alveolus neutrophilic granulocyte exudation with karyorrhexis. In the group Ⅱ, light capillary vessel hyperaemia and pulmonary interstitial lymphocyte exudation were detected. Nearly normal lung tissue were observed in group Ⅲ. Conclusion Continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood and L-arginine could inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory factors significantly and increase the releasing of anti-inflammatory factors during CPB. Therefore, it may reduces pulmonary inflammatory reaction and have protective effects on lung tissue.