Objective To determine the effects of two fluid resuscitation strategies on the changes of hemodynamic variables,serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in pregnant rabbits.Methods Hemorrhagic shock was induced by bleeding via carotied artery,followed by transection of a medium vessel in gestational sac.Experimental design consisted of three phases,shock phase(0-30 min),prehospital phase(30-90 min)and hospital phase(90-180 min).Twenty pregnant rabbits were randomly divided into two groups(n=10/group),aggressive fluid resuscitation group(PNL group)and limited volume resuscitation group(PLH group).In the shock phase,animals were hemorrhaged by blood withdrawal to mean arterial pressure(MAP)of 40-45 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)via carotid artery.In the prehospital phase,a medium vessel in the gestational sac was transected,then the animals in the PNL group and PLH group were resuscitated with 0.9% normal saline(NS)and shed blood to MAP of 80,60 mm Hg respectively.In the hospital phase,bleeding was controlled by surgical intervention and all the animals were reinfused with shed blood and NS to MAP 80 mm Hg.Hemodvnamic variables and respiration rate were monitored and blood samples were collected for TNF-α and IL-6 measurement.and finally subsequent volume resuscitation and survival rate were recorded.Results (1)At 120 min,the respiration rate and heart rate in the animals assigned to PLH group was(66±16)bpm,(235±41)bpm respectively,which were significantly lower than those in PNL group(P＜0.01),while MAP and central venous pressure in the PLH group was(80.4±7.2)mm Hg,(8.0±4.4)cm H2O,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in PNL group(P＜0.01);(2)The serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6 of all the animals were markedly increased after hemorrhagic shock.and peak at 24 min.The serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6 in animals assigned to PLH group were(105±67)ng/L,(118±51)ng/L respectively,which were significantly lower than those in PNL group(P＜0.01).The serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6 in the animals assigned to PLH group were decreased to normal at 480 min;(3)The subsequent blood transfusion volume and NS resuscitation volume in PLH group in prehospital phase were(16.0±2.2)ml,(39.0±5.5)ml respectively,while those in hospital phase were(28.0±6.7)ml,(90.0±7.1)ml respectively,which were significantly lower than those in PNL group(P＜0.05);(4)The 24 and 72 hours survival rate in the animals assigned to PLH group were 100%,90% respectively;which were significantly higher than those in PNL group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Limited volume resuscitation improves thermodynamic changes of pregnant rabbit,attenuates the increase of serum concentration of TNF-α,IL-6,and results in higher survival rate.Limited volume resuscitation is an ideal means for hemorrhagic shock resuscitation in pregnant rabbit.

Objective To examine if high-dose glucocorticoid has any cerebral protective effects aftercardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods Twenty-one healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 10 .5-15 kg weresubjected to cerebral ischemia using Pittsburgh standard ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest (VF-CA) model. Theanimals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 30 mg?kg~(-1) and mechanically ventilated thertracheal intubation (V_T 15 ml?kg~(-1), RR 18-20 bpm). Right femoral vein was cannulated for fluid administration(lactated Ringer's solution 0. 15 ml?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)) and right femoral artery was cannulated for BP monitoring. ECGwas continuously monitored. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A received only routineresuscitation treatment (control, n = 5); group B received dexamethasone 5 mg?kg~(-1) (n = 8) and group Cmethylprednisolone 30 mg?kg~(-1) (n = 8) after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 8 hours after resuscitationthe animals were anesthetized and three pieces of brain tissue were obtained from right parietal lobe for light andelectron microscopic examination and determination of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) contentsusing high-performance liquid chromatography- electrochemical technique (HPLC- ECD ). Results The DA and 5 -HT contents in parietal lobe of cortex were significantly decreased in group B and C as compared with group A (P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Diverticulum ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE To investigate the site of nosocomial infection in ICU,distribution and resistance of bacteria in order to make the intervention strategy.METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria isolated from nosocomial infection patients in ICU from Jul 2006 to Jul 2008 was performed by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS The main pathogens of nosocomial infection in ICU were Gram-negative organisms(48.09%),Gram-positives(38.93%),and fungi(12.98%).The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,fungi,and S.haemolyticus.All strains of S.aureus and S.haemolyticas were antimicrobial sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.All A.baumannii strains were antimicrobial sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactam.They were resistant to other antimicrobial agents.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative organisms are the main pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection in ICU,but the percentage of Gram-positives and fungi is increasing,S.aureus is the most main pathogenic bacterium of nosocomial infection in ICU.S.haemolyticus is also a main pathogenic bacterium.The pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection in ICU are highly resistant to the most antimicrobial agents.

Objective To preliminarily analyze the credibility and validity of Chinese Medical Constitution Questionnaire(CMCQ).Methods CMCQ was used to investigate the distribution of Chinese medical constitution types of 450 women inpatients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery from March to October of 2013.Credibility and validity were analyzed by Cronbach's α coefficient and factor analysis.Results Mixed constitution was identified in 184 (40.9％) patients.Cronbach's α coefficient of two dimensions (yang deficiency and qi stagnation) of CMCQ was proper,being 0.815 and 0.803 respectirely,while that of the dimension of harmony type was the lowest (0.514).The total variance explained by 9 common factors extracted from the results of factor analysis was only 48.5％.Conclusion CMCQ may need further revision based on the results of clinical application.

Objective To observe the impacts of lumbar plexus block combined with sciatic nerve block on postoperative cognitive function and plasma S100βlevel in eldly patients undergoing hip surgeries.Methods Sixty patients of ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ aged 65-85 years,undergoing selective hip sur-geries,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each).Group G received general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,while group L received ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block and parasacral sci-atic nerve block combined with general anesthesia.The mini-mental state examination (MMSE)score was recorded before anesthesia,1 d,3 d and 7 d after operation.The plasma S100βlevel was detected before anesthesia,1 h and 7 d after operation.Results The MMSE scores declined on 1 d after oper-ation in both groups(P <0.05),and the value was lower in group G(P <0.05).There were 18 (56.7%)patients diagnosed with POCD in group G at the first day postoperatively,while it was 10 (33.3%)in group L,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The MMSE scores were still low-er at 3 d after operation (P<0.05).The concentrations of plasma S100βincreased in both groups at 1 h after operation,and it was more obviously in group G (P <0.05).Conclusion Lumbar plexus block combined with parasacral sciatic nerve block might reduce the stress reaction and dosages of general anesthetics in eldly patients undergoing hip surgeries,minimize the damages of central nervous system,protect the cognitive function and reduce the incidence of POCD.

Objective To determine the iodine content of common foods in different geographical areas (coastal city,coastal rural area,mountainous city and rural area) in Fujian Province and provide basic data for evaluation of dietary iodine intake.Methods In 2010,based on the types of food of the total diet study,one food sample(consumption rate is greater than 1％) was collected in coastal city(Taijiang),coastal rural area(Xiang'an),mountainous city (Sanyuan) and rural area(Mingxi).These foods including cereal,beans,potato,meat,eggs,milk,aquatic products,vegetables,fruits,sugar,beverages,liquor and seasoning,and so on 184 kinds of common foods.The iodine content of these food was tested by As (Ⅲ)-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Results Among the 184 kinds of food tested,164 were not indicated food iodine content in the Chinese Food Composition Tables (2004).The iodine content of common food in Fujian Province in descending order were salt (30 000 μg/kg),aquatic products(341.4 μg/kg),eggs(255.9 μg/kg),dairy(106.7 μg/kg),meat(103.2 μg/kg),cereals (40.7 μg/kg),vegetables(30.7 μg/kg),beans(12.9 μg/kg),sugar(8.5 μg/kg),fruits(6.7 μg/kg),potatoes(2.4 μg/kg) and alcohol(2.1 μg/kg).The iodine content of kelp and laver was the highest in all the food,which was 314 780.1,176 956.5 μg/kg,respectively.The iodine content of food from animal(241.4 μg/kg) was much higher than that of the food from plant(25.4 μg/kg).The iodine content of common cereals,potatoes,beans,sea algae,meat,eggs and aquatic products was compared in the four areas,and the difference was not statistically significant (M =135.5,20.0,42.0,16.0,54.0,4.0,x2 =1.4,all P ＞ 0.05).The iodine content of vegetables and fruits was compared,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.5,M =204.5,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The iodine content of different foods is different.

BACKGROUND: Dihydrolycorine (DL) can inhibit the peripheral release of catecholamine from sympathetic nerve ending and block α, β adrenalinergic receptor. It has multiple pharmacological actions, such as vascular dilation, hypotension, anti-hypoglycemia and anti-ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the selective effect of DL on basilar artery,thoracic aorta and ventricular papillary muscle of rabbit by means of observing the vasoconstriction induced by noradrenaline bitartrate and KCl.DESIGN: Observation of comparative experiment.SETTING: Pharmacological Department of Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at Pharmacological Department of Yunyang Medical College between March and July 2001, and 46 adult healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected.METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were put to death by intravenous injection of 10 mL air from the vein of aural edge, and soon after death, brain,thoracic aorta and heart were obtained. Basilar artery and thoracic aorta was linked into 4.0-5.0 mm vascular rings; meanwhile, ventricular papillary muscle were separated and connected with tension transducer. Obserdose of noradrenaline bitartrate or KCl: Sub-maximal constriction of thoracic aorta was induced by 0.1 mmol/L noradrenaline bitartrate or W60 mmol/L KCl, and when constriction curve became stable, DL or nimodipine of different dosage was added. Basilar artery was exposed to 0.1 mmol/L noradrenaline bitartrate or 60 mol/L KCl, and rinsing fluid was changed once every 20 minutes and thrice in all when vasocontratcion reached the peak level, then different dosage of DL or nimodipine was added 20 minutes later, and the changes of vasoconstriction curve due to administration of single dose of noradrenaline bitartrate or KCl were obconstriction of ventricular papillary muscular induced by electro-stimulation: Electro-stimulation was used to stimulate the ventricle papillary muscular synchronized constriction with the frequency of once per second,wavelength of 3 ms and threshold voltage of 120%; when constriction curve became stable, DL or nimodipine was administered in a accumulative way.ence of DL or nimodipine on the half-effective concentration of noradrenaline bitartrate or KCl that contributed to the vascular ring constriction of rabbit.RESULTS: Basilar artery, thoracic aorta and ventricular papillary muscle Resting tension of basilar artery was increased by DL but decreased by niof basilar artery and thoracic aorta induced by noradrenaline bitartrate and KCl can be relaxed by DL in a dose dependant manner, and the half-effective concentration was (6.69±3.12)×10-4, (3.41±1.52)×10-3mmol/L for basilar artery, and (1.49±0.59)×10-3, (2.91±0.99)×10-3 mmol/L for thoracic aorta, displaying stronger inhibition on the constriction of basilar artery induced by noradrenaline bitartrate than on the contraction induced by KCl.On the contrary, nimodipine showed stronger depression on KCl-induced constriction than on the constriction induced by noradrenaline bitartrate.ventricle papillary muscular induced by electro-stimulation in a dose-dependant manner, and the half-effective concentration of DL on the contraction of ventricle papillary muscle induced by electro-stimulation was significantly higher than that induced by noradrenaline bitartrate.CONCLUSION: DL displays obvious selective effect on basilar artery of rabbit, the possible existence of constrictive α1 receptor subtype and dilating β receptor on basilar artery might be correlated with the selective function of DL, which benefit, for the improvement of blood supply in the ischemic region.

AIM: To evaluate the ability of spectral domain optic coherence tomography ( SD-OCT ) parameters to detect progressive structural damage in primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) by contrasting with visual field. ·METHODS: Retrospectively we evaluated 48 subjects (48 eyes ) of POAG, followed up 14 to 62mo. The parameters of SD-OCT and visual field were obtained. The correlation between the change of visual field measurements and OCT measurements were analyzed. Visual field progression was defined as reproducible drop of at least 2dB of mean deviation (MD) from the baseline visit. ROC curve was made to evaluated the ability of OCT parameters in detect progression of POAG. ·RESULTS: The 25 eyes were classified in progression group and 23 eyes were in non-progression group. No significant correlation was seen between OCT parameters and visual field in non-progression group. In progression group, OCT parameters which were significantly correlated with MD reduce were rim volume ( r=-0. 5997, P=0. 0007), C/D vertical ratio (r=-0. 6309, P=0. 0003), RNFL(r= 0. 4201, P= 0. 0260), and GCC(r= 0. 7080,P<0. 01). ROC curves showed the GCC reflected the reduce of MD accurately (P=0. 013). ·CONCLUSION: Part parameters of SD-OCT can reflect the progression of POAG accurately and provided a new method to detect the damage of visual function of POAG.

Objective To study the expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) and the roles in pathogenesis of acute liver failure in mouse model. Methods Eighty-five BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: 40 in model group of acute liver failure were intraperitoneally injected with Dgalactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS); 20 in D-GalN group were injected with DGalN only; 20 in LPS group were injected with LPS only; 5 in control group were injected with saline.Liver histology of mouse was observed at hour 0, 5, 7 of injection, and sera and liver tissues were collected at hour 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 of injection. Meanwhile, levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] in serum and liver tissue were detected by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lock nucleic acid (LNA)-based miRNA microarray technology was used to detect the expression profile of hepatic miRNA, and the expression of miRNA was verified by real time quantification-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells were induced by LPS in vitro and the expressions of miRNA at different time points were detected.The comparison of means among groups was analyzed using one way ANOVA and the correlation were analyzed by Pearson and Spearman correlation. Results Microarray analysis found that the expression profile of miRNA during the acute liver failure changed dramatically. There were 97 miRNA in model group changed significantly compared with control group (P＜0.01), including 21 up-regulated and 27down-regulated at hour 5 and 7 of injection. Furthermore, the expressions of miR 146a and miR-155were verified by RT-PCR and found they both increased progressively over time after injection.Correlation analysis showed that miR-155 was well correlated with both TNF-α and IL-6 expressions.It was further found that miR-146a and miR-155 were both up-regulated in activated Raw264.7 cells in vitro. Conclusions The expression profile of miRNA changes during acute liver failure in mouse model. Inflammation associated-miR-146a and miR-155 are both up-regulated significantly, which indicatcs that they may play an important regulatory role in pathogenesis of acute liver failurc.