The PDB culture medium was selected to ferment the endophyte strain, and the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi Penicillium polonicum were studied. Combined application of Sephadex LH-20, ODS and HPLC chromatographies over the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented culture led to the isolation of 6 compounds. By spectral methods, the structures were elucidated as [3, 5-dihydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-octanoyl)]-ethylphenylacetate (1), (3, 5-dihydroxy-2- octanoyl)-ethyl phenylacetate (2), (5, 7-di- hydroxy-9-heptyl)-isobenzo pyran-3-one (3), 3-(hydroxymethyl) 4-(1E)-1- propen-1-yl-(1R, 2S, 5R, 6S)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-ene-2, 5-diol (4), (E)-2-methoxy-3-(prop-1-enyl) phenol (5) and p-hydroxylphenylethanol (6).
Biological Factors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Endophytes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Fabaceae ; microbiology ; Fermentation ; Penicillium ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Secondary Metabolism

BACKGROUND:The self-ligating bracket is superior to the conventional bracket in orthodontic treatment, but there are a lot of controversies. At present, researchers have different views on the function of self-ligating brackets. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the comparative study of self-ligating brackets and conventional brackest with the direction and development in recent years. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed (2000-2014) and CNKI (2000-2014) databases was done for relevant articles, using the key words of “self-ligating brackets; conventional orthodontic brackets” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Self-locking brackets saves chair side time, which has been confirmed and accepted. There are different views for the issue that self-ligating brackets can reduce friction in orthodontic treatment. It is widely accepted that, the self-ligating brackets using thin round wire had less friction than the conventional brackets; whether the friction of self-ligating brackets in the closed gap and fineness adjustment stages is less than the conventional brackets stil remains unclear, which need further clinical comparative studies. The self-ligating brackets showed no significant difference with the conventional brackets in arch expansion, reducing anchorage loss and root adsorption. The majority of relevant studies is performedin vitro, and cannot exactly simulate the dental conditions. A large-size experiment with the uniform criteria for therapeutic efficacy is needed to objectively evaluate self-ligating brackets.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors in thrombin titration for the determination of anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman. Methods: The white porcelain plates were used as the titration carriers instead of tubes in the titration ( called white porcelain method for short) . The effect of different carriers, interval time of titration and thrombin concentration on the results of anticoagulant activity test was studied. Results:Under the same conditions, the anticoagulant activity was more accurate and stable using white porcelain method. Using white porcelain method with 20 u·ml-1 or 10 u·ml-1 as the thrombin concentration and titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the thrombin consumption volume was linear with the sample concentration within the range of 0. 125-0. 333 g·ml-1(r20 =0. 961 and r10 =0. 992), and the anticoagulant activity respectively was (33. 08 ± 2. 64) and (31. 24 ±1.32) u·g-1(RSD20 =8.0% and RSD10 =4.2%). As for a certain sample concentration (0.333 g·ml-1), the theoretical error of determination was not more than 10% and 5%. Conclusion:The improved white porcelain method is more suitable for determining anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman with more stable results and accurate end point states than tube method. Under the conditions of 10 u·ml-1 thrombin concentration, titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the linearity, accuracy and precision are all promising.

BACKGROUND: The biliary stents commonly used in clinic are made of plastics and metal, both of which have some irresolvable defects. New type of material characterizing by great biocompatibility and degradation for the making of biliary stents needs to be found and studied.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biodegradation law and the change in radical force of five different mole-ratios of biliary stents made of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in human bile in vitro.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A Completely random design was performed at the Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University between July and December 2006.MATERIALS: Five different mole-ratios of PLGA hiliary stents (90L/10G, 80L/20G, 70L/30G, 60L/40G, and 50L/50G) were provided by Dalgang Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan; Human fresh bile was obtained from the patients who underwent external drainage of bile in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University.METHODS: Thirty-two PLGA biliary stents of each proportion were respectively divided into eight groups, with four stents in each group. All of them were independently submerged into test tubes with 10 mL fresh human bile which were then placed in constant temperature oscillator. The temperature was set at 37 ℃. The bile was changed every day. After incubated for one week to eight weeks, the PLGA biliary stents were respectively taken out of test tubes from the first to the eighth group each week. They were washed with distilled water and dried in calorstat for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Gross morphology, color and integrality of PLGA stents; ② Scanning electron microscope; ③ the mass and the radical force of PLGA stents.RESULTS: ① Five different mole-ratios of PLGA stents followed a similar changing law as to gross morphology: stents remained intact → stents became soft → the surface ofstents became coarse and cracked → stents collapsed → stents were degraded into pieces → stents were completely degraded. ② Before degradation: limpid stereo reticular structure of PLGA; One week after degradation: PLGA was corroded and the reticular structure was decreased; Three weeks after degradation: airspace was gradually disappeared and the reticular structure was further decreased; Five weeks after degradation: airspace and the reticular structure were completely damaged, which was in an indefinite form. ③ The mass loss of each proportion of PLGA stents gradually speeded up along with the time extension. Furthermore, with the content of PGA increasing, the mass loss of the stents became faster. The initial radical force was different among five different mole-ratios of hiliary stents. With the content of PLA increasing, the radical force of the stents became stronger.CONCLUSION: The material of PLGA possesses adjustable biodegradation and good mechanical feature, so it is suitable for preparation of biliary stents.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of blood osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 142 patients who received post-PCI coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on if there were ISR condition: ISR group,n=21and Non-ISR group,n=121. The blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were detected upon the follow-up CAG conduction and the basic clinical information with biochemical indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were signiifcantly higher in ISR group than those in Non-ISR group,P<0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated levels of OPN and MMP-9 were the independent risk factors for post-PCI ISR occurrence (OR=2.861 and OR=3.343,P<0.01). The ROC area of OPN and MMP-9 for predicting post-PCI ISR occurrence were 0.821 and 0.887,P<0.001. Taking the optimal cut off value of OPN at 3.68 ng/ml and MMP-9 at 415.24 ng/ml, the combined detection could increase the sensitivity of detection (90.48%) and the negative predictive value (98.06%). Conclusion: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 are closely related to ISR occurrence in post-PCI patients, combined detection has certain predictive value for ISR occurrence, especially for negative predictive value.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) was one of the most difficult infertile diseases which was usually defined as consecutive still birth for more than three times during the first 20 weeks of gestation. Various factors and pathogeneses were thought to play a role in RSA. Recent studies had indicated that the disorders of blood vessel growth and the secondary abnormal blood perfusion may contribute to the occurrence of RSA. However, blood vessel growth was linked with the regulation of angiogenesis related factors. To provide references for the clinical prevention and treatment, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the association between solubility vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1(sflt-1), thrombospondin 1(TSP-1) and ovary, endometrial abnormal blood perfusion in cases of RSA.

Objective To investigate the possible pathological role of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways and its factors in fluorosis-induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell strain (HepG2).Methods Under the stimulation of 1,3,6 and 9 mmol/L concentrations of NaF in vitro for 24 h (n =5),while normal control group was cultured under normal condition,the cytotoxicity was measured with MTT.The mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was measured at both mRNA (n =5) and protein levels (n =6),respectively,by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The mitochondrial apoptosis related factors,such as B-cells lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),Bcl-associated X protein (Bax),cytochrome C,caspase-9 and caspase-3 were measured at protein levels (n =6).Results After treated with 0,1,3,6 and 9 mmol/L NaF for 24 h,the cell absorbance of HepG2 cells was 0.307 ± 0.031,0.333 ± 0.028,0.230 ± 0.011,0.178 ± 0.001 and 0.152 ± 0.003,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant among groups (F =82.224,P ＜ 0.01).After treated with 3 mol/L NaF for 24 h,the mRNA level of AIF was [(153.14 ± 5.41)％] which was increased compared to the control group [(100.00 ± 4.70)％,t =-4.73,P ＜0.05].Under the same condition,the protein levels of AIF,Bcl-2,cytochrome C in cytoplasm,caspase-9 and caspase-3 were (152.16 ± 47.30)％,(171.90 ± 51.52)％,(458.00 ± 19.48)％,(527.17 ± 200.67)％ and (432.70 ±64.27)％,which were increased compared to those of the control groups [(100.00 ± 48.86)％,(100.00 ± 34.44)％,(100.00 ± 116.59)％,(100.00 ± 19.58)％ and (100.00 ± 137.16)％,t =-3.80,-3.96,-15.76,-4.64,-5.06,all P ＜ 0.05],while the protein levels of Bax and cytochrome C in mitochondrion were (24.66 ± 26.04)％,(72.99 ±45.34)％,which were decreased compared to those of the control groups [(100.00 ± 44.01)％,(100.00 ± 34.14)％,t =6.35,0.68,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and related factors may be involved in NaF-induced cell death in HepG2 cells.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for traumatic lumbar punctures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Methods 132 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia totally received 2634 lumbar punctures. The basic data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), platelet count, interval between two punctures, and presence or absence of ultrasound-guided procedure were collected and analyzed. The risk factors for traumatic lumbar puncture were identified by logistic regression. Results The risk for traumatic lumbar puncture was higher in children younger than 1 year, and it was relatively lower in those aged 1 to 10 years. The risk for traumatic lumbar puncture was slightly higher in children with a BMI index of more than 95. The longer the interval between two punctures, the lower the risk. If lumbar puncture was guided under ultrasound or radiographic images, the risk was much smaller. Conclusions Age of younger than 1 year, BMI index of more than 95, shorter interval between two punctures, and direct puncture can increase the risk for traumatic lumbar puncture.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of p63, p73 proteins and the development of hemangioma. Methods The immunohistochemical technique and quantitative image analysis were used to detect the expression of p63 and p73 proteins in 40 cases of capillary hemangioma and 20 specimens of normal skin. Results The absorbance value (mean ? SD) of p63 and p73 expression in normal skin tissue, proliferative phase of hemangioma and involuting phase of hemangioma were 0.923 ? 0.191 and 0.953 ? 0.120, 8.271 ? 1.953 and 6.408 ? 2.151, 0.920 ? 0.187 and 1.073 ? 0.516, respectively. The expression of p63 and p73 in proliferative phase of hemangioma was significantly increased as compared with those in involuting phase of hemangioma and normal skin tissue (P 0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that p63 gene is not a tumor suppressor gene but an oncogene in hemangioma and may contribute to the proliferation of endothelial cell and be associated with angiogenesis, and p73 may play an important role in the proliferation of hemangioma.

Objective To design a private cloud storage system to guarantee intranet and internet data security and realize data sharing between multi platforms.Methods The idea and solution for building the system were proposed by analyzing the difficulty during hospital informatization.The infrastructure based on the idle computing resources in the existing virtual pool and the application platform by private cloud storage software were involved in the development of the system,and related software and hardware were integrated after adjustment and customization,and then the system came into being with easy operation and high performance-cost ratio.Results The system developed realized freely data storage and sharing,and implemented file encryption to control the applied range.Conclusion The system has the functions of malicious code scanning,cooperative office system and data auto-backup,synchronization,transmission,sharing and etc,which executes intranet and intemet data sharing based on physical isolation.