Abdominal Muscles ; physiology ; Abdominal Pain ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Colon ; innervation ; Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Female ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Viscera ; Visceral Afferents ; physiology

To study the influence of 5?-reductase on the pathogenesis of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the activity of this enzyme was measured in mechanically separated stroma and epithelium from 7 normal and 16 hyperplastic prostates. Samples were incubated in the presence of tritium labelled testosterone. The yield of DHT was used to estimate the enzyme activity. The results showed that the specific activity of the enzyme (pmol DHT / mg protein/30 rain) was91.4?18,1 and 28.6?7.4 in stroma (S) and epithelium (E) of BPH, 44.7?8.9 and 23.9?6.8 in S and E of normal prostates respectively. It indicated that the enzyme is predominantly localized in the stroma and is elevated ia BPH, the primary abnormality of BPH is in the stroma and the increase of 5?-reductase may have some contribution to the pathogenesis of BPH.

Gastrointestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Postoperative Complications

Humans ; Oncogenes ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

As a new concept, the definition of translational medicine remains obscure. The translational medicine connects the bench to bedside, and its importance would be more remarkable. The development of gastrointestinal surgery reflects the idea of translational medicine. To carry out the translational study, the gastrointestinal surgeon must learn how to find subjects from clinical problems, how to collect complete information and tissues, how to collect complete information and tissues, how to collaborate with others from different fields and how to utilize all kinds of resources. By translational studies, gastrointestinal surgeons may further improve the survival of patients with gastrointestinal tumor.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Translational Medical Research

Robotic system helps surgeons in performing surgery. Currently Da Vinci system is the most popular. Da Vinci system has been used for the stomach and bowel diseases in 27 cases(18 cases of stomach and 9 cases of colon and rectum) in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Accurate preoperative staging is crucial, and Da Vinci system is advantageous in lymph node dissection, preservation of nerve plexus, and complete resection of mesorectum. Adoption of gastrointestinal tract reconstruction technique should depend on the operation and experience in surgery. Though Da Vinci system has limitations and the cost is high, it is believed to be the future trend.
Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Humans ; Robotics ; methods

Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Humans ; Nurses ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injections on facial beauty and its long-term safety.Methods A total of 33 beauty-seekers with botulinum toxin type A treatment for more than five years were reviewed as observation group,using digital muscle palpation meter (Myoton PRO) for the determination of the orbicularis oculi muscle and masseter muscle tension (F),the muscle characteristic parameters,such as muscle hardness (S) using a homemade facial questionnaire test for satisfactory rate of beauty from both beauty-seekers and physicians.At sametime,33 normal adults that never accepted botulinum toxin injection with matched age and gender were collected as control group.The same-sex indicators were dtermined and compared with using statistic analysis t test.Results The pairwised parameters of the same sex and site were comparied between the two groups;average F and S values in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,but no statistically significant difference were observed between the two groups (P＞0.05);in the observation group,average appearance age was 7.3 years younger than the control group,and the facial shape improved significantly.Conclusions Long-term and repeated application of botulinum toxin A is able to remove crow's feet and decrease the masseter and so the injection is safe with high satisfaction to beauty-seekers.

An expression of ras oncogene protein (p21) was assessed with immunohistochemistry in normal, dysplasia, benign hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis and prostatic carcinomatous tissues. The results showed that the positivity rate of p21 was higher in prostatic carcinoma than that in other prostatic lesions and was markedly correlated to histologic tumor grade. The expression level of p21 was more intentive in prostatic dysplasia surrounding carcinoma than that in simple prostatic dysplasia. It is suggested that overexpression of ras oncogene p21 product may play an important role in progressing from dysplasia to cancer and may be used as a new tumor marker for assessment of biological behavior of prostatic carcinoma.

The reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in the midgut epithelia cells and the other sensitive tissues was observed by electron microscopy. The reproducing viruses in the midgut epithelia cells were mostly without envelopes, and thte polyhedrons were seldom formed. The reproduciing viruses in the other sensitive cells were with envelopes, and packed in polyhedrons.