Objective To investigate the effects of rhBMP2 on the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells and expression of Delta protein in vitro. provide a theoretical basis for research on human dental pulp stem cells. Methods Monocell suspension was separated from the human adult dental pulp with collagenase Ⅰ and dispase digestion.Clonogenic cells were observed under light microscope and the expressions of surface markers were determined with immunofluorescence. divided into experimental group (containing 50 ?g?L-1rhBMP2 in the culture medium) and negative control group (containing culture medium only).alkaline phosphatase and the expression of Delta proterin of the cells at at passage 5 were detected.Results The human dental pulp stem cells showed colony growth,the nestin and vimentin staining were positive by immunohistochemical staining.STRO-1 was positive in cells by immunofluorescence.Compared with negative control group, the activities of alkaline phosphatase increased after treatment with rhBMP2 for 7,14 and 21d(P

Tumors are believed to consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells originating from rare cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, emerging evidence suggests that tumor may also originate from non-CSCs. To support this viewpoint, we are here to present definitive evidence indicating that the number of tumorigenic tumor cells is greater than that of CSCs in tumor, and tumor can also derive from non-CSCs. To achieve this, an idealized mathematical model was employed in the present study and theoretical calculation revealed that non-CSCs could initiate the occurrence of tumor if their proliferation potential was adequate. Further, experimental studies demonstrated that 17.7%, 38.6% and 5.2% of tumor cells in murine B16 solid melanoma, H22 hepatoma and Lewis lung carcinoma, respectively, were potentially tumorigenic. Thus, based on the aforementioned findings, we propose that the scarce CSCs, if exist, are not the sole source of a tumor.

Objective To construct pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G and transfer it into rabbit smooth muscle cells (SMC) in order to provide a high-efficiency vector for SMC gene transfer. Methods We constructed pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G containing the previously reported gene lacZ, determined the titer, and determined the efficiency of gene transfer into SMC mediated by pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G. Finally the transfer efficiency was compared with that by MuLV. Results MuLV/VSV-G vector was constructed. The titer of the vector was 6-7.8×10~6CFU, the transfer efficiency was (92±12)% by using MuLV/VSV-G vector and (24±5)% by MuLV vector. Conclusion Pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G which was constructed successfully is a kind of high-efficiency gene transfer vector in smooth muscle cells.

Objective To compare everolimus (EVR) with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) minimization or withdrawal on renal function of liver transplant patients with standard CNI therapy.Methods A search was conducted on databases which included the PubMed,Embase and Cochrane library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EVR with CNI with minimization or withdrawal (the EVR group) with standard CNI therapy (the standard CNIs group) on renal function of liver transplant patients.A metaanalysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results Five RCTs which included 1 264 patients were selected into this study.There were 790 patients in the EVR group and 474 patients in the standard CNIs group.On meta-analysis,the EVR group had significantly better renal function (SMD =0.36,95％ CI 0.09 ～ 0.64,P ＜ 0.05),but higher rates of infection (RR =1.37,95％ CI 1.08 ～ 1.74,P ＜ 0.05),dyslipidemia (RR =2.46,95％ CI 1.79 ～ 3.38) and leukopenia (RR =2.37,95％ CI 1.32 ～ 4.26).No significant differences were found on the mortality and the acute rejection rates between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EVR with CNI minimization or withdrawal after liver transplantation provided effective immunosuppression and improved patients' renal function.The treatment increased the rates of infection,dyslipidemia and leukopenia.

Objective To conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of enhanced recov -ery after surgery ( ERAS) in perioperative management of hepatectomy .Methods A literature search was conducted on databases which included the PubMed , Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, Wangfang, VIP and CNKI for randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) on application of ERAS in patients after hepatectomy . The data collection ended in August 2015.A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Re-sults Eleven RCTs which included 1074 patients were selected into this study .There were 530 patients in the ERAS group and 544 patients in the control group .On Meta-analysis, when compared with the control group, the ERAS group had significantly shorter length of hospital day (WMD=-2.36, 95%CI: -3.19~-1.54 , P<0.05 ) , shorter time for functional recovery ( WMD=-2.30 , 95%CI: -3.77 ~-0.83 , P<0.05), lower total complication rate (RR=0.65, 95%CI:0.52~0.80, P<0.05), and significantly decreased rates of postoperative pulmonary infection (RR=0.36, 95%CI:0.14~0.91, P<0.05) and nausea and vomiting (RR=0.48, 95%CI:0.26~0.89, P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups on the rates of postoperative bleeding , biliary fistula, abdominal infection, delayed incisional healing, wound infection and urinary tract infection (P>0.05).The ERAS group had significant-ly lower hospitalization cost (SMD=-1.61, 95%CI:-2.42~-0.80, P<0.05), but the differences between the two groups on mortality and re-admission rates were not significant (P>0.05).When compared with the control group , the drainage tube removal time ( WMD=-2.83 , 95% CI:-3.92~-1.76 , P<0.05), time to first mobilization (SMD=-2.34, 95%CI:-2.98~-1.70, P<0.05), time to first feeding ( SMD=-5.08 , 95%CI: -9.33~-0.83 , P<0.05) , time to passage of first flatus ( SMD=-3.60, 95%CI:-4.85~-2.34, P<0.05) in the ERAS group were significantly shorter , but there was no significant difference on the time to the first bowel motion ( P>0.05 ) .Conclusions ERAS in the peri-operative management of hepatectomy was safe and beneficial .

Qualitative research methods are becoming more and more important in medical research area. Some qualitative researches played important roles in the exploration and the spread of core ideas of Chinese medicine. The report of qualitative research should be transparent and credible according to the standardized report criterion. On the basis of 22 criteria, the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was developed and published in September 2007. This introduction to COREQ will be helpful to Chinese qualitative researchers and readers in the implementation of high quality of medical qualitative research in China.

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin on D_5 dopamine receptor expression and function in renal proximal tubule (RPT).Methods Immortalized RPT cells and D_5 receptor transfected HEK293 (HEK-D_5) cells were used in the study to investigate the effect of insulin on D_5 receptor expression and function,and those effects were compared in RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The function of D_5 receptor was determined by measurement of the Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity in HEK-D_5 cells. Results Insulin increased D_5 receptor protein expression in a concentration and time-dependent manner in WKY RPT cells,but not in SHR.The basal level of D_5 receptor expression was higher in WKY cells than that in SHR cells. Stimulation with fenoldopam(D_1-like dopamine receptor agonist) inhibited the Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity;pretreat- ment with insulin increased the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam on Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity in HEK-D_5 cells. Conclusion The abnormal regulation of insulin on D_5 receptor expression and function might be involved in the path- ogenesis of essential hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of partial splenic embolization using polyvinyl alcohol versus gelfoam to treat hypersplenism in cirrhotic patients.Methods A literature search was performed in databases which included PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,Sinomed,CNKI,Wangfang data and VIP for trials on partial splenic embolism using PVA or gelfoam to treat hypersplenism in cirrhotic patients.The study was censored in May 2016.After data extraction and assessment of quality,a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results Five studies which involved 197 patients were selected in this study.Included into the PVA group were 92 patients and the gelfoam group 105 patients.On Meta-analysis,the PVA group had a higher value of WBC a month after PSE (WMD =0.4,95％ CI:0.05 ～ 0.75,P ＜ 0.05),higher values of WBC (WMD =0.39,95％ CI:0.06 ～ 0.71,P ＜0.05) and PLT (WMD =8.08,95％ CI:1.65 ～ 14.51,P ＜ 0.05) on month 6 post-embolization.The degree of post-embolization pain was more severe (RR =1.32,95％ CI:1.14 ～ 1.54,P ＜ 0.05) and the length of painful time was longer (RR =2.01,95％ CI:1.36 ～ 2.66,P ＜0.05) in the PVA group.There were no significant differences in the values of PLT,fever and complications (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions PSE using PVA achieved better short-term and long-term results in hematological indicators than gelfoam.However,the degree and extent of duration of pain were significantly longer.

[Summary] Thyroid cancer is the complicated result of both environmental and genetic factors. Recently with the emergence of genome-wide association study ( GWAS) , the researches on genetic predisposition of thyroid cancer have entered a new phase and revealed a lot of new susceptibility genes or regions. Up to now, there are 11 regions with 16 single nucleotidepolymorphisms in total have been found with GWAS, which provide new ideas for the cause of thyroid cancer and its prevention.

Objective: Cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) increases ventricular transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR). Our work evaluated the relationship between QTc interval of TDR indicators, TpTe, TpTe/QTc ratio and rapid ventricular arrhythmia in patients with CRT-D. Methods: A total of 160 consecutive patients who received CRT-D implantation in our hospital from 2011-01 to 2013-03 were studied. The immediate post operative ECG was collected to analyze lead V5 QTc interval, TpTe and TpTe/QTc ratio for assessing its TDR. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Treatment group, the patients with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular ifbrillation received CRT-D,n=30 (18.7%) and Non-treatments group,n=130 (81.3%). All patients were followed-up for (20 ± 10) months and the rapid ventricular arrhythmia was recorded by CRT-D devices. Results: The patients in Treatment group had increased TpTe/QTc (0.24 ± 0.05) vs (0.20 ± 0.04, and TpTe (119 ± 30) ms vs (95 ± 20) ms, bothP<0.001. The QTc interval was similar between 2 groups (480 ± 60) ms vs (470 ± 70) ms,P=0.6 and QTc interval was not related to the risk of CRT-D requirement. The sensitivity and speciifcity for TpTe/QTc ≥ 0.25 predicting the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in CRT-D patients were at 47% and 91%, while TpTe ≥ 120 ms were at 40% and 95%respectively. The post CRT-D surviving curve analysis indicated that TpTe/QTc ratio and TpTe could predict the prognosis in relevant patients,P<0.001. Conclusion: The elevated TpTe and TpTe/QT ratio may increase the incidence of CRT-D requirement in patients with ventricular arrhythmia after resynchronization.