OBJECTIVE: To summarize the approaches and methods for clinical pharmacists to provide clinical pharmaceutical care.METHODS: By reviewing pertinent literature combining the working experience of the clinical pharmacists,the approaches and methods for clinical pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care were explored.RESULTS: Pharmacists could provide clinical pharmaceutical care by participating in clinical rounds,consultation and pharmaceutical monitoring,intervening medical order,offering drug-counseling service,handling the adverse clinical pharmacy events and providing medication education etc.CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacists can provide various kinds of clinical pharmaceutical services for the safe,effective and economical use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo and rationality of the perioperative use of drugs in patients with cataracta. METHODS:The drug use data of 60 patients undergoing cataracta surgery in our hospital from Apr. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were analyzed retrospectively and statistically. RESULTS:The drugs used during perioperative period consisted of antibacterials (applied either systemically or locally) and other assistant drugs (blood coagulants,drugs for decreasing intraocular pressure,anti inflammatory drugs and Chinese patent medicines). All the patients were treated with systematic antibacterials for prevention medication. The systemically used antibacterials consisted of ?-lactam antibiotics,clindamycins,aminoglycosides,fluoroquinolones and amphemycins. The problems existed in systemic use of the antibacterials manifested as irrationality in the choice of drug category,dosage,administration frequency,administration time and drug combination,etc. The locally applied antibacterials consisted of aminoglycosides,fluoroquinolones,tetracyclines and lincomycins. The problems existed in the local application of the antibacterials manifested as irrationality in administration time,drug change and drug combination,etc. CONCLUSION:The rationality of the perioperative drug use in patients with cataracta in our hospital remains to be improved.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the problems existing in the use of thiamphenicol for outpatients. METHODS:In this retrospective study,a total of 743 outpatient prescriptions of Thiamphenicol enteric-coated tablets in one hospital during Mar. 2008 were analyzed in respect of the prescription writing,medication suitability and amount of money of prescriptions,etc. RESULTS:The problems in the use of Thiamphenicol manifested as nonstandard in prescription writing,irrational in clinical drug choice,drug combination,administration and dosage,etc. CONCLUSION:The use of Thiamphenicol in the hospital is somewhat irrational thus remains to be standardized further.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that overexpression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) is the main reason for early neuronal regeneration failure. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s (hAMSCs) transplantation on neural functional recovery of rats with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley were randomized into sham, I/R, and hAMSCs groups (n=20 per group). Rats in the hAMSCs group were given 1 mL of hAMSCs suspension (1.0×108/L) via the tail vein 24 hours after I/R injury. Rat neurological function recovery was assessed based on behavior changes, as determined by Longa behavioral score, cylinder test, horizontal ladder walking test and limb symmetry test at 1, 3 days, and 1, 2, 3 weeks post transplantation. Cel migration and distribution were observed using immunofluorescence method at 1 day, and 1, 2, 3 weeks post transplantation. MAG and OMgp protein expression was detected by western blot assay at 2 weeks post transplantation. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining at 3 weeks post transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the hAMSCs transplantation group, red marker-positive cel s were visible around the injury region at 1 week after transplantation, and over time, these cel s were increased in number. Significant improvement in the neurological function of rats were observed in the hAMSCs group as compared with the I/R group at 3 days and 1, 2, 3 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05), and the expression of MAG and OMgp proteins were also decreased dramatical y in the hAMSCs group (P<0.05). After I/R injury, the number of apoptotic cel s was increased, but hAMSCs transplantation reversed this effect. Overal , hAMSCs transplantation can reduce neuronal apoptosis by reducing MAG and OMgp expression levels, and thereby promote neurological functional recovery from I/R injury in rats.

Aromatic hydrocarbons are capital environmental contaminations. Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X) is capable of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons via the gentisate pathway. Biochemical characterization indicated that it has isofunctional enzymes for the mono- and dioxygenase- catalysed reactions. One set of the enzymes is constitutive and the other is strictly inducible. To date, only the genes for the constitutively-expressed gentisate dioxygenase and the downstream enzymes have been cloned. A mutant strain of P25X, designated SNZ28, which had the constitutive copy of the gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase gene interrupted by a streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance gene cassette, was found to still express gentisate dioxygenase when induced by gentisate. The proteome profiles of P25X and mutant SNZ28, grown in the presence and absence of the aromatic inducer gentisate, were compared after 2D-PAGE. Fifteen distinctive protein spots which were observed only in induced cells of P25X and mutant SNZ28 but absent in non-induced cells of both were further analyzed by MALDI-TOF and Q-TOF. Of the 15 proteins, 12 showed significant sequence similarity to proteins with assigned function in other microorganisms . The identification of protein P4 which showed positive identification to a gentisate dioxygenase from Ralstonia species indicated the putative role of this protein to encode gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase in P.alcaligenes.

Lactoferrin(LF) belongs to the transferrin family and is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a variety of biological activities, which not only binds to viral antigenic determinants to inhibit the recognition and binding of viruses to host cells,but also inhibits cell carcinogenesis through the production of thiobarbituric acid, malondialdehyde and other substances with strong antioxidant properties. In recent years, it has been found that in addition to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions, LF also has the ability to promote the repair of various types of damaged tissues. This paper mainly reviews the repairing and pro-repairing effects of LF after skin, muscle, bone, intestinal, brain and gingival injuries, aiming to elucidate the further application prospects of LF in the medical field.

Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Quality Control ; Research

High myopia is frequently associated with retinal degenerative changes (such as myopic foveoschisis, macular hole and its related retinal detachment, and choroidal neovascularization) which are the major causes of visual loss in high myopic eyes. Optical coherence tomography may help us to understand the macular lesions in high myopia. Peeling of internal limiting membrane and removal of posterior vitreous cortex at an appropriate time, are believed to facilitate restoring the retinal flexibility and resolution of myopic foveoschisis, and promote the macular hole closure and retinal reattachment. Anti-angiogenesis treatment combined with photodynamic therapy and (or) corticosteroid therapy are the future options to treat myopic choroidal neovascularization. Correctly understanding and mastering the methods and timing of diagnosis and treatment of high myopia-related macular degeneration, and taking targeted interventions to enable patients to be rational and effective treated, are the keys to further reduce the damage of visual function in patients with high myopia.

Objective To explore the prevention and treatment of complications of vascular injury after inguinal hernia repair.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study was adopted.The clinical data of 22 patients with vascular injury after inguinal hernia repair who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between June 2005 and March 2016 were collected.Observation indicators included:(1) the vascular complications after inguinal hernia repair:vascular injury,peritoneal interstitial hemorrhage or hematoma formation,thrombosis and vascular embolization,(2) treatment,(3) follow-up.Patients were followed up by telephone interview at 15 days after discharge up to April 2016,and conditions of patients,recovery of symptoms and subsequent pharmacotherapy were detected.Results (1) The vascular complications after inguinal hernia repair:of 22 patients,peritoneal interstitial hemorrhage or hematoma formation was detected in 8 patients (vascular injury of corona mortis in 2 patients,inferior epigastric artery injury in 3 patients and unexplained peritoneal interstitial hemorrhage in 3 patients),femoral vein injury in 3 patients,femoral artery injury in 1 patient,deep vein thrombosis of the double lower limbs in 8 patients (including 2 with pulmonary embolism) and femoral and popliteal artery embolism in 2 patients.(2) Treatments:20 of 22 patients had good therapeutic effect,1 patient with arterial embolism received timely treatment avoiding the necrosis of limbs,1 ischemic necrosis of partial toes and the other patients had good effect through vascular repair or construction.One patient with inferior epigastric artery injury and 1 with femoral vein injury died of hemorrhagic shock.(3) Follow-up:20 of 22 patients were followed up for 2 weeks,with good conditions.Patients' hemorrhage had been improved.The symptoms of patients with deep vein thrombosis and arterial embolism of lower limbs didn't become obviously aggravated,and they took the medicine as medical advice.Conclusion The different treatments are conducted according to the occuring characteristics of vascular complications,with better outcomes.

Objective To explore the production of medical polypropylene anti-bacterial mesh coated with triclosan,and study the properties of its controlled-release drugs,as well as the efficiency of the mesh coated with triclosan.Methods A medical polypropylene anti-bacterial mesh coated with triclosan was produced by the method of solvent evaporation,with triclosan as antibacterial agent and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer as carrier.The meshes were divided into four groups: A,B,C and D.The meshes in A,B and C(experimental) groups were coated with triclosan,and D group was control group.The ultrastructure of meshes of the 4 groups was observed under electron microscope.The slip diffusion method was used to observe the diameter of bacteriostasis-rings in different time periods.At the same time,we observed the maximum tensile strength of the mesh in transverse and longitudinal axis when they were pulled off before and after the experiment.Results The surfaces of B group were uniform and smooth,and the coating could continuously release drugs during 7 days in sodium chloride.The diameter of bacteriostasis-rings in B group was significantly larger than that in control group(P