Objective To investigate the incidence of urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients and explore the mechanism of increased incidence in China and the management. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 22 patients with urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients between 1978 and 2010. Results Twenty-two cases of urological malignancy were diagnosed by pathologic evidence, including 9 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder, 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, 1 case of adenocarcinoma of bladder, 1 case of TCC of pelvis, 1 case of TCC of bladder and pelvis, 1 case of TCC of ureter complicated with adenocarcinoma of bladder, 2 cases of TCC of ureter, 2 cases of TCC of ureter and bladder, 3 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney, and 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma of kidney. All the malignancies belonged to native organs. All the patients suffering bladder cancer had normal function of allograft. Five patients with TCC of pelvis or ureter survived and 2 cases died early after operation. All the patients suffering renal carcinoma deceased within 6 months after diagnosis. One-year survival rate was 73. 7 % after the diagnosis of urological malignancy. Conclusion Urological malignancy ranked highest in malignancy in renal allograft recipients, and rare pathological types of urological malignancy in non-renal allograft recipients are often demonstrated. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the usage of immunosupressive agents and the preservation of allograft function. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies to possess satisfactory allograft function. The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is poor.

Ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus(KPDM) may be a subtype of type 2 diabetes,characterized by fulminant onset,with diabetic ketoacidosis and usually obesity and over-weight,as well as a positive family history of diabetes,but lacking markers of autoimmunity observed in classic type 1 diabetes.Recovery of glucose homeostasis,accompanied by recovery of ?-cell function,follows intensive glycemic regulation by insulin.Because of the mixed features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes,there is no completely agreement on diagnostic criteria and classification according to clinic presentation,metabolic and immunologic features of the novel atypical diabetes.Additional pathophysiological and genetic insight is therefore needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of partially reversible insulin secretary defect in such syndrome,which is critical for its clinical classification and the development of appropriate treatment strategies.

Objective: To study the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on cognitive functions in Sprague-Dawley rats and the expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in CA1 region of hippocampus.Methods: Experiments were performed on 16 three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats,They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups(n=8/group): chronic intermittent hypoxia group(CIH),and unhandled control group(UC).Rats in UC group were raised normally,and those in CIH group suffered 7H intermittent hypoxia everyday,The duration of experiment was 8 weeks.The learning and memory ability of rats in each group were assessed with the Morris water maze test at the end of the experiments.The expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in CA1 region of hippocampus was investigated by immunohistochemistry staining and image analysis.Results: ①Morris water maze test learning scores(place navigation): After 5 days training,the escape latency in CIH rats was significantly longer than that in UC rats(P

1. 400 isolated skulls, 56 skulls from the integral human skeletons, and skulls of10 cadavers (5 adults and 5 juveniles) collected skulls from Shanghai and its vicinity werestudied for the characteristics of foramen magnum and the surrounding structures. 2. The shape of the foramen can be grouped into six types i.e. (1) oval, (2) rhom-boid, (3) ellipsoid, (4) round, (5) mushroom-like, and (6) hexogonal. 3. The percentages of the presence of the posterior condyloid canal were found tobe both sides present, 51%; right side alone 18%; left side alone 18% and both sidesabsent, 13%. The result was almost identical with that of Loh found from the skulls ofWestern China, and not far from that of Wood-Jones found from Northern China. Itis found that the anterior end of the posterior condyloid canal does not always open intothe sigmoid sulcus, but may sometimes lead into the jugular foramen, and in those casesthe vein passing through this canal can not be considered as an emissary vein. 4. Regarding the bony process situated around the anterior margin of the foramenmagnum, it can be classified into three categories according to their positions, i.e. (1)preoccipital spine, i.e. those on the anterior margin of the froman magnum, (2) precondyloidtubercle, i.e. those in front of the occipital tubercle and (3) postclival spine, i.e. thosearound the lower part of the clivus. 5. From the studies of the integral skeletons and the regional dissections, the au-thors found that the appearance of the bony processes may be due to traction and ossifi-cation of end of the ligaments related with the corresponding regions. It is therefore, nota homologous structure of the occipital condyle of the reptiles and birds; it is not athird condyle.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in treatment of malignant tumors of renal allograft recipients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on renal allograft recipients who received immunosuppressive treatment at least half a year between 1978 and 2005. Results Fifty-eight cases of tumors were found in 1812 cases undergoing renal transplantation, 50 cases of them who had complete clinical data were included into analysis. Forty-four cases, that included 19 cases in rological system, 14 cases in digestive system, 5 cases in blood system, 6 cases in other systems, were diagnosed as having malignant tumors by pathological analysis. Most of them were treated with surgery. One-year survival rate was 68.0% after the diagnosis of malignant tumor. The longest survival time was 6.5 years. Most of the survivals possessed normal function of allograft. Conclusion Systemic follow-up is important for renal allograft recipients who suffered malignant tumors. Surgical operation is still the main therapy for those solid tumors. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies and quality of life to possess satisfactory allograft function. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the decrease dose of immunosuppressive agents and the preservation of allograft function.

The physiological character,functions and applications of photosynthetic bacterium had been discussed,during biotransformation of teh com straw treated with ammonia in aerobic,anaerobic and natural conditions,Comparing the concentration of teh reductive sugar and teh protein in teh fermented borth,we suggest a good way of biotransformating teh corm straw by photosyntehtic bacterium.In the photosynthetic bacterium fermentation in which the com straw treated substrate,teh concentrations of the reductive sugar and the transformative reductive sugar and teh protein in teh fermented borth were higher thean those without ammonia. Analysis of the results shows theat the transformative reductive sugar and protein were the nourishment of photosynthetic bacterium,so theere may be a way that we harness the corn straw by teh photosynthetic bacterium.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum procalcitonin (PCT)in early diagnosis of pul-monary tuberculosis (PTB)complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods Clinical data of active PTB patients admitted to a hospital between August and December 2013 were collected,patients were divided into bacterial infec-tion group(n=104),fungal infection group(n=37)and control group (n=95)according to whether patients were associated with bacterial infection,fungal infection,and without infection,serum PCT concentrations in three groups were compared,receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis was conducted.Results The median PCT concentrations in bacterial infection and fungal infection group was 0.44ng/mL and 0.30ng/mL respectively, which was significantly higher than 0.16ng/mL of control group(Z =9.49,3.51 respectively,both P <0.001 ).The area under curve (AUC)was 0.89(0.84-0.93)and 0.69(0.61 -0.77)respectively;cut-off point was 0.31 ng/mL and 0.27 ng/mL respectively;sensitivity was 79.81%(70.57%-86.80%)and 59.46%(42.19%-74.80%)respectively;specificity was 83.16%(73.79%-89.78%)and 73.68%(63.48%-81.95%)respectively.Conclusion PCT level is a valuable predictor for early diagnosis of PTB complicated with pulmonary infection,and can provide reference for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To investigate the incidence and its related factors of apathy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 100 consecutive cases of ischemic stroke patients and 50 health controls were recruited in the present study. Apathy was assessed using modified apathy evaluation scale (MAES). According to the MAES score, acute ischemic stroke patients were divided into apathy group (MAES was more than 14 points) and non-apathy group. The differences of general information, clinical data, national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), modified rankin scale (mRS) and the lesion location were compared between the two groups. Differences that showed statistical significance (P<0.05) went into the multi-factor analysis. The Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence factors of apathy. Results There were 34 cases of apathy in patient group (34.00%), which was significantly higher than those of control group (3 cases of apathy, 6.00%, P<0.001). The age, incidence of diabetes, NIHSS score, HAMD score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were significantly higher in apathy group than that of non-apathy group, while educational level, MoCA score were significantly lower ( P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher MoCA score was a protective factor for apathy, while higher NIHSS score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were risk factors for the incidence apathy. Conclusion The cognitive impairment, severity of neurological deficits, brainstem lesions and multiple lesions may be the risk factors of apathy after the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To find out the occurrence patterns of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments through surveys and analyses so as to provide basis for the scientific prevention of such occurrences.Methods A statistical analysis was made of the causes of 92 medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments that occurred in the past three years,the data were processed using self-made tables,and the occurrence rates of the disputes were calculated according to their causes.Results The disputes over prosthodontic treatments in the past three years accounted for 22% of the total number of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments.The cause leading to the most disputes involved medical quality,followed successively by service management,service manners,personal factors on the part of the patients,and charges.Conclusion There are certain patterns for the occurrence of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments,which can be avoided to some extent if appropriate preventive measures are taken.

Adult ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery