There are a wide variety of gastrointestinal microbiota, and the total number of bacteria reached 100 trillion. The flora interacts with the human body, and has a great impact on human health. In recent years, the relationship between intestinal flora and human diseases has become a hot research at home and abroad. Many studies have shown that intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of multiple systemic diseases, including digestive system diseases, metabolic diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases, immune-related diseases and tumors.In this paper, the relationship between intestinal flora and human diseases was reviewed and summarized. The research progress on the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and human diseases in recent five years was summarized, which provided new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.

Interspinous process device is a kind of non-fusion implant for posterior spinal surgery.It is classified by static system and dynamic system according to its characteristics.With rapid development of internal fixator manufacture,materials for interspinous process device become increasing,such as bone allograft,titanium,poly(ether-ether-ketone) and lactoprene composite.A large number of experimental and clinical researches reveal the advantages of this technology in degenerative spinal stenosis,intervertebral original lower back pain,facet syndrome,protrusion of intervertebral disk,and lumbar instability.However,there are still many problems such as the influence on the lumbar posterior column,the mechanism to lumbar disc and the effect on the stability of spine etc.In addition,the clinical indications need to validate by long-term follow up.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of curative chemotherapy regimen on breast cancer cells and its mechanism.Methods A tumor-bearing mouse model was established and routine dose of capecitabine was given as a conventional chemotherapy group.Continuous low-dose capecitabine chemotherapy was used as a radiotherapy group and no chemotherapy was used as a control group.The expression of microvessel density(MVD),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and thrombospondin 1(TSP-1)were measured by flow cytometry.The percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),NK cells and macrophages in the program was observed.The tumor size and blood leukocyte count were measured after chemotherapy.Results MVD and VEGF in the radiotherapy group were significantly decreased and TSP-1 was significantly increased in comparison with the conventional chemotherapy group(P<0.05).The proportion of MDSCs in the radiotherapy group was significantly decreased,the proportion of NK cells and macrophages were significantly increased when compared to the conventional chemotherapy group(P<0.05).The tumor volume was no difference between the control and chemotherapy groups(P>0.05).However,the white blood cell count in the radiotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional chemotherapy group(P<0.05).Conclusion Capecitabine chemotherapy at continuous low-dose inhibits neovascularization and adjusts the proportion of immune cells to suppress tumor formation.Thus,this chemotherapy could reduce side effects caused by chemotherapy and improve the quality of life.

Calculation of linear parameters, such as time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), is a conventional method for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. Nonlinear phenomena are certainly involved in the genesis of HRV. In a seemingly random signal the Poincaré plot can easily demonstrate whether there is an underlying determinism in the signal. Linear and nonlinear analysis methods were applied in the computer words inputting experiments in this study for physiological measurement. This study therefore demonstrated that Poincaré plot was a simple but powerful graphical tool to describe the dynamics of a system.
Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nonlinear Dynamics

Objective To investigate the efficacy of anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil given by targetcontrolled infusion (TCI) for thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis ( MG). Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ MG patients aged 16-64 yr weighing 45-95 kg undergoing thymectomy were studied. Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target effect-site concentration 4 ng/ml). Thracheal intubation was performed after topical anesthesia with 2% lidocaine 2-3 ml and then the patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol ( target plasma concentration 3-5 μg/ml) and remifentail (target effect-site concentration 3-6 ng/ml). Sufentanil 0.15 μg/kg was injected intravenously for analgesia 30 min before operation. The success rate of intubationat at first attempt, body movement in response to skin incision, recovery time, extubation time, extubation condition at the end of operation and cardiovascular events were recorded. Results Thracheal intubation was performed successfully in all patients. The success rate of intubation at first attempt was 100%. No body movement occurred during skin incision in the patients.Recovery time was 1.0-3.2 min and extubation time 2.6-7.0 min. All patients were successfully extubated at the end of operation. Bradycardia developed in 3 patients and hypotension in 4 patients during induction, but they all returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. Bradycardia developed in 3 patients during operation, but returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Anesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil can be used safely and effectively in MG patients undergoing thymectomy.

The reversed-phase high-performance chromatography was developed for determing the content of berberine, palmatine, emodin and chlorogenic acid in Xiaoerniuhuang Powder on ODS column. The powder samples extracted with methanol were determined separatly at their particular absorption points using external standard method.This method had advantages of perfect separatin, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and simple operation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolism syndrome (MS) and fatty liver. Methods Plasma lipids, plasma glucose, liver function, blood pressure, body height and body weight were determined in 666 leaders receiving physical examination. Their livers were also examined by ultrasound. Whit analysis of variance and chi-square test, the effect of plasma lipids, plasma glucose, blood pressure, and weight index on fatty liver, and the relation between MS and fatty liver were analyzed. Results The weight index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and plasma glucose in the patients with fatty liver were higher than those in healthy subjects. The levels of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A were lower in patients with fatty liver than those in healthy subjects. The morbidity of fatty liver in the patients with MS was higher than that in healthy subjects. Conclusion There was a close relation between MS and fatty liver. It was necessary to early treat MS.

Objective To investigate the correlation between urinary calculi and upper urinary tract infections.Methods Twenty-six patients underwent lithiasis in upper urinary tract accompanied with infectious symptoms were enrolled in this study (test group).Blood culture was obtained in peak temperature before lithotrity,urine sample was obtained for bacterial culture.Thirty patients with calculi in upper urinary react accompanied no infectious symptoms in the same period were enrolled in control group.Calculi were pestled for bacterial culture and analyzed the components after the calculi were removed.Results In test group,the positive of blood,urine,calculi culture were 4,23,18 patients.The prominent component of calculi was hexahydrate magnesium ammonium phosphate.Bacteria in 13 positive urine sample had the same property with the calculi samples which came from the same cases.In control group,the positive of urine,calculi culture were 4,4 patients.The prominent component of calculi were calcium oxalate calculi and uricite calculi.The morbidity of upper urinary tract infections in test group was significantly higher than that in control group [69.2％(18/26) vs.13.3％(4/30)] (P ＜ 0.05).The coincidence of urine culture and calculi culture in test group was significantly higher than that in control group [72.2％(13/18) vs.25.0％(1/4)](P＜0.05).Conclusions Infectious calculi can easily result in upper urinary tract infections.Hexahydrate magnesium ammonium phosphate can make the prominent component in infectious calculi.

Objective To determine whether the extent of airflow obstruction is associated with left ventricular function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods Left ventricle end diastolic volume ( LVEDV ),left ventricle end systolic volume ( LVESV ),left ventricle stroke volume( LVSV),left ventricle ejection fraction( LVEF),heart rate ( HR),cardiac output ( CO) and cardiac index (CI) were measured by ultrasonic cardiogram.Thirty-one patients with chronic bronchitis,42 mild-to-moderate COPD patients and 16 controls with normal lung function were recruited.The relations between the extent of airflow obstruction and the impairment of left ventricular function were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences of LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,HR,CO or CI between the control and chronic bronchitis groups.LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,CO and CI of chronic bronchitis group were significantly higher than those of mild-to-moderate COPD group while HR was lower.LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,CO and CI had a positive correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ),forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio.And HR had a negative correlation with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.LVEF was positively correlated with FVC,but not with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,HR,CO and CI were linearly related with FEV1.Conclusions Left ventricular function is maintained in chronic bronchitis patients. Left ventricular function,especially left ventricular end diastolic filling,deteriorates among the mild-to-moderate COPD patients.The extent of airflow obstruction may reflect the impairment of left ventricular function in COPD patients.

Inductive chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy have been a focus on the clinical research in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Cisplatin,as a kind of representative platinum drug,can improve the curative effect,but it also brings a lot of side effects to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.The new kind of platinum drug-nedaplatin,can not only guarantee the curative effect but also reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.